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    Human Reproduction Notes

    Uploaded by

    Yoteepp Gamezzz
    hum rep

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Human Reproduction Notes

    Uploaded by

    Yoteepp Gamezzz
    2 views2 pages
    hum rep

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    human reproduction notes

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    hum rep

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views2 pages

    Human Reproduction Notes

    Uploaded by

    Yoteepp Gamezzz
    hum rep

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION POSTERIOR PITUARY GLAND

    ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH, OR VASOPRESSIN) - This


    2 MAJOR GLANDS INVOLVED: hormone regulates the water balance and sodium levels in
    your body.
    1. Hypothalamus
    2. Pituitary gland OXYTOCIN - Your hypothalamus makes oxytocin, and your
    A. anterior pituitary gland pituitary gland stores and releases it. Oxytocin
    b. posterior pituitary gland helps labor to progress during childbirth by sending signals
    to their uterus to contract. It also causes breast milk to flow
    and influences the bonding between parent and baby. In
    male, oxytocin plays a role in moving sperm.

    HYPOTHALAMUS - secretes hormones that stimulate or


    suppress the release of hormones in the pituitary glands.

    GONADS - are glands that produce hormones that are


    involved in reproduction and other functions of the body.
    female gonads are the ovaries, while male gonads are the
    tes HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONAD AXIS

    GONADOTROPIN - releasing hormone is a releasing The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is central


    hormone responsible for the release of FSH and LH from for human reproduction. This axis includes neuroendocrine
    the anterior pituitary gland. networks that integrate wide ranging internal and external
    inputs to coordinate reproductive competence.
    ANTERIOR PITUARY GLAND Gonadotrophin - releasing hormone (GnRH) is the principal
    The anterior lobe of your pituitary gland makes and regulator of reproduction. GnRH controls gonadotrophin
    releases the following hormones: secretion and subsequently, gonadal (testicular) function.
    The HPG axis is activated during foetal life, neonatally and
    ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH OR in puberty through adulthood. This developmental
    CORTICOTROPHIN) - ACTH plays a role in how your body perspective is important as these periods contribute to the
    responds to stress. It stimulates your adrenal glands to proper formation and development of sexual structures in
    produce cortisol (the “stress hormone”), which has many utero as well as the development and function of the
    functions, including regulating metabolism, system enabling reproductive capacity in adulthood. The
    maintaining blood pressure, regulating blood glucose HPG axis remains silenced during childhood and
    (blood sugar) levels and reducing inflammation, among neuroendocrine re-activation triggers pubertal onset.
    others. Effective HPG axis function is needed for normal sexual
    function and fertility and contributes to overall health and
    FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) - FSH stimulates well-being.
    sperm production in male. FSH stimulates the ovaries to
    produce estrogen and plays a role in egg development in MALE HORMONES
    female. This is  Testosterone, the hormone responsible for the
    known as a gonadotrophic hormone. secondary sexual characteristics that develop in the male
    during adolescence, stimulates spermatogenesis. These
    GROWTH HORMONE (GH) - In children, growth hormone secondary sex characteristics include a deepening of the
    stimulates growth. In other words, it helps children grow voice, the growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and the
    taller. In adults, growth hormone helps maintain healthy beginnings of the sex drive.
    muscles and bones and impacts fat distribution. GH also
    impacts your metabolism (how your body turns the food FEMALE HORMONES
    you eat into energy).  Estrogen is the reproductive hormone in females that
    assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium
    LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) - LH stimulates ovulation in absorption; it is also responsible for the secondary sexual
    female and testosterone production in male. LH is also characteristics of females. These include breast
    known as a gonadotrophic hormone because of the role it development, flaring of the hips, and a shorter period
    plays in controlling the function of the ovaries and testes, necessary for bone maturation.
    known as the gonads.
     Progesterone assists in endometrial re-growth and
    PROLACTIN - Prolactin stimulates breast milk production inhibition of FSH and LH release.
    (lactation) after giving birth. It can affect fertility and
    sexual functions in adults.  Estradiol and progesterone are steroid hormones
    that prepare the body for pregnancy. Estradiol produces
    THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) - TSH stimulates secondary sex characteristics in females, while both
    your thyroid to produce thyroid hormones that manage estradiol and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle.
    your metabolism, energy levels and your nervous system.
    SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION/PUBERTY

    PUBERTY – is the stage of life at which secondary sex


    changes begin.female begins puberty at the age of 9-12
    years old. male begins puberty at the age of 12-14 years
    old.

    HORMONES RESPONSIBLE:

    1.ANDROGEN HORMONES - are the hormones released by


    the testes that responsible for muscular development,
    physical growth, and the increase in sebacous glands
    secretions that cause typical acne in both boys and girls
    during adolescence.
    2.ESTROGEN HORMONES – influences the development of
    the uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina; typical female fat
    distribution; hair patterns; and breast development.

    HORMONES RELEASED DURING PUBERTY

     Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone


     Follicle Stimulating Hormone
     Luteinizing Hormone

    MALE HORMONE
    TESTOSTERONE - the hormone responsible for the
    secondary characteristics that develop in the male during
    adolescence, stimulates spermatogenesis.

    FEMALE HORMONE
    ESTROGEN HORMONE - is the reproductive hormone in
    females that assists in endometrial re-growth,
    ovulation,and calcium absorption; it is also responsible for
    the secondary sexual characteristics of females.
    PROGESTERONE HORMONE – assists in endometrial
    re-growth and inhibition of fsh and lh release.

    MALE PUBESCENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

    1. Increase In Weight
    2. Growth Of Testes
    3. Growth Of Face, Axillary, And Pubic Hair
    4. Voice Changes
    5. Penile Growth
    6. Increase In Height
    7. Spermatogenesis

    FEMALE PUBESCENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

    1. Growth Spurt
    2. Increase In The Transverse Diameter Of The Pelvis
    3. Breast Development
    4. Growth Of Pubic Hair
    5. Onset Of Menstruation
    6. Growth Of Axillary Hair
    7. Vaginal Secretions

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