Unit 1 – The Number System

CCSS: 6.NS.4

Lesson 7: Common Factors and Multiples

A multiple of a whole number is found by multiplying that number by any other whole
number.

Example
What are the first ten multiples of 4?
43154 4 3 6 5 24
43258 4 3 7 5 28
4 3 3 5 12 4 3 8 5 32
4 3 4 5 16 4 3 9 5 36
4 3 5 5 20 4 3 10 5 40

The first ten multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40.

A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers is a common multiple of those

numbers. Zero is not considered a common multiple. The smallest number that is a
common multiple of a set of numbers is called the least common multiple (LCM)
of that set of numbers.

Example
What is the LCM of 4 and 6?

The first ten multiples of 4 are listed in the previous example. The first ten
multiples of 6 are as follows:
63156 6 3 6 5 36
6 3 2 5 12 6 3 7 5 42
6 3 3 5 18 6 3 8 5 48
6 3 4 5 24 6 3 9 5 54
6 3 5 5 30 6 3 10 5 60
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.

The first ten multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60.

Common multiples of 4 and 6 include 12, 24, 36, and 48.

The LCM of 4 and 6 is 12.

TIP: There are an infinite number of multiples for any number or common multiples
for any two numbers. However, there will only be one least common multiple.

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 Lesson 7: Common Factors and Multiples
CCSS: 6.NS.4

A factor of a whole number is any whole number that divides the first number evenly
(with no remainder). A number is divisible by its factors because they divide evenly into
the number. The factors of a number are less than or equal to the number.

Example
What are the factors of 15?
15 4 1 5 15 15 4 6 5 2 R3 15 4 11 5 1 R4
15 4 2 5 7 R1 15 4 7 5 2 R1 15 4 12 5 1 R3
15 4 3 5 5 15 4 8 5 1 R7 15 4 13 5 1 R2
15 4 4 5 3 R3 15 4 9 5 1 R6 15 4 14 5 1 R1
15 4 5 5 3 15 4 10 5 1 R5 15 4 15 5 1

The factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, and 15.

A number that is a factor of two or more numbers is a common factor of those

numbers. The greatest number that is a common factor is called the greatest common
factor (GCF).

Example
What is the GCF of 15 and 9?

The factors of 15 are listed in the previous example. The factors of 9 are as
follows:
94159 9 4 4 5 2 R1 9 4 7 5 1 R2
9 4 2 5 4 R1 9 4 5 5 1 R4 9 4 8 5 1 R1
94353 9 4 6 5 1 R3 94951

The factors of 9 are 1, 3, and 9.

The common factors of 15 and 9 are 1 and 3.

Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.

The GCF of 15 and 9 is 3.

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