CHAPER THREE

RESEARCH METHOLOGY
3.0 Introduction

This chapter will focus on the methodology that will be used in the study, which are; research design,

study population, sampling techniques and sample size, research instruments, validity and reliability of

instruments, data collection procedures and data analysis.

3.1Research Design

The study will be carried out using a descriptive survey design. According to Orodho (2005), the design is

suitable because information will be collected by interviewing or administering a questionnaire to a

selected sample taking into account the state of affairs at the moment of study, strategic planning is

embedded in the current secondary management practices, (Fraenkel and Warren, 2000). The design

will be relevant for the study because the researcher will collect, analyze and report what is in the field

without manipulating variables.

3.2Target population

According to Ary,Jacobs and Razavieh (2006), a population is the number resources from where research

data can be obtained. The target population for this study will comprise of 120 components in Nakuru

east sub county. The target population include 100 HoDs and 20 school principals in the sub county.

3.3 Sample size and sampling techniques

According to Mugambe and Mugenda (2003), A sample is a section of the population from which the

data will be generalized. As a result, depending on the population size, structure and the data to be

collected, a sample should be an adequate. For a survey design, a sample at least 20% in a higher target

population or higher percentage at the target population reduces is justifiable for the study.

Purposive sampling techniques was to select 20 public secondary school principals,5 Hods of every

school, and DQASO in Nakuru east sub county. This is because some of the schools are too small and do
not have the necessary administrative structures (all department) needed for standard school. The entire

sampling size therefore constituted 120 respondents.

3.4 Research instruments

Data will be collected using questionnaire and interview guide. According to (Arodho,2009),

questionnaires collect data from many respondents, within a short period of time, and since are the

same foe all respondents, analysis of data accurate. Questionnaire for principal and HoDs will be divided

into section one that will be capture the background information and section two which will contain

items aimed at collecting opinions on factors influencing strategic planning in each school.

3.4.1 Validity of the Research instruments

Accuracy is important in research, and therefore research instruments should be valid if they are

expected to produce accurate research findings. According to Mugambe and Mugenda (2003) validity of

an instruments refers to the ability of the instruments to be what purports to be hence to be able to

measure what is intended to measure. In light of this, the questionnaire of the study will first be

prepared and then taken for an expert opinion for two lectures of Mount Kenya University, to examine

and advice on their content validity. The researcher then will then incorporate the advice and prepared

the final copy of the instruments to use the actual study. This will enable the researcher to modify,

reconstruct and eliminate ambiguous items in the instrument.

3.4.2 Reliability of research instruments

Reliability refers to the consistency of the measurement to the extent in which the result is similar over

different forms of the instruments or occasions of the data collection and the extent to which the

measurement is free from error (Mc Millan and Schaucher,2009). The researcher will use test-re-test

method to determine the reliability instruments. The develop questionnaire will be administrated twice
at an interval of one week to the principal, Three HoDs and the BoM Chairperson in which of the two

piloted school.

3.5 Data Collection Procedures

An introductory letter from Mount Kenya university will be taken to national commission of science and

technology innovation (NACOSTI), to secure research permit. The researcher then will visit Nakuru east

sub county education office and request for an introductory letter to the respondents. After securing the

permit, the researcher will deliver the questionnaires for the selected respondent in their respective

schools, explain the purpose of the study, and leave the questionnaires with the principal or the deputy

principal (where the principal was absent) to forward them each of the respondents. They will collect

after two as agreed.

3.6 Data Analysis Techniques

After filled in questionnaires are collected, the researcher will go through the responses in order to

detect incomplete or unreliable responses to be removed from the rest. After this data collected from

the questionnaires will be analyzed using descriptive statistics. Responses from question in each section

will be summarized in frequency distribution tables. The results from each section will be then entered in

SPSS data editor and presented in form of bar graph so as to enable the researcher to comment on the

study findings.

3.7 Ethical consideration

The constitution of Kenya 2010 (ROK, 2010) acknowledge that the bill of rights an integral part of Kenya’s

democratic state and it is the frame work for social, economic and cultural policies in light of this, the

researcher shall adhere to all demands of ethical consideration in relation to the respondents which

include; informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity deception and trustworthiness.

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