CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY REVIEWER Q1
Introduction to Electricity (Definition, History and Evolution,
and Fun facts)
What is Electricity?
- Is the flow of tiny particles called electrons
- It’s like a river of energy that can power our homes and devices
- Connotes a phenomenon which is known more by its effects
- You can only see, feel, or hear its effect through heat, light, and sounds
Important fun facts about Electricity
- Lightning ( natural electricity ) and thunder comes together at the same
time
- Electricity can be generated through friction
- Electric eel is capable of generating electric shocks
- Early cave people recognized the force of electricity when lightning
struck. They also have noticed the way amber attacks light objects, or
the way certain fishes, such as electric eel, stun their prey
History and Evolution of Electricity
1. Thales of Miletus ( 600 BC )
- Early study for static electricty
- Rubs amber (electron in Greek) with cut fur and picks up bits of feathers
2. William Gilbert ( 1600 )
- “ De Magnete “
- His study differentiated static electricity and magnetism
- First coined the term “ electricity “ from the Greek word for amber and
considered as the father of electricity
3. Benjamin Franklin ( 1752 )
- Proved that static electricity (typically produced by friction, which
causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair ) and lightning
were the same thing
4. Alessandro Volta ( 1800 )
- Invented the first electric battery, the Voltaic Pile
- the term Volt is named in his honor
5. Andre Marie Ampere
- Discovered electromagnetism and the proponent of electric current
6. Michael Faraday
- Discovered the principle of electro-magnetic rotation
7. George Simon Ohm
- Defined the relationship between power, voltage, current, and
resistance
- Formulated Ohm’s law
8. Thomas Edison
- Invented incandescent light bulb
PROPERTIES of Electricity
Atom – composed of tiny particles namely: protons, neutron, Electron
ELECTRONS – rotate around the atom at different orbits called rings, orbits or
shells
BOUND ELECTRONS
- orbit the nucleus on the inner rings
- Strong magnetic attraction to the nucleus
FREE ELECTRONS
- Orbiting the nucleus of an atom normally in the form of static electricity
- Orbit on the outermost ring which is known as the Valence Ring
VALENCE ELECTRONS
- Orbiting the outermost shell of the atom
- Weakly held by the positive charges and can be transferred to one or
more other atoms
THEORIES CONCERNING THE FLOW OF CURRENT
Conventional Theory
- Assumes that current flows out of the positive terminal ( + ), through the
circuit into the negative terminal ( - ) of the source
Electron Theory
- States that current flow from negative to positive
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRICTY
Current – flow rate of electrons
Resistance – opposes voltage
Voltage – pushes charged electrons
SOURCES OF ELECTRICTY
Non - Renewable Source
- A natural source
- Sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes
- Fossils fuels, earth’s mineral and ore, nuclear power
Renewable Source
- Energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally
replenished on a human timescale
- Sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat
- Hydrothermal, Geothermal, Solar Cell, Wind Mill, Biomass
CIRCUIT
What is a circuit?
- conductive path for flow of current or electricity is called electric circuit or
electrical circuit
- two types of circuit: series circuit and parallel circuit
4 COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
1. Load or control - an electric device that consumes power or electricity
2. Switch - an electric device that turns the current on and off
3. Source - provides electrical power to the circuit
4. Conductor/path - composed 2 or more lines that provide passage for electric
current from the source to the load
CONDITION OF CIRCUIT
1. Open circuit - circuit is switched off
2. Closed circuit - circuit is switched on
3. Short circuit - allows a current to pass along an unintended path
4. Overload circuit - a lot of load or carrying more electrical current than it is
designed to handle
5. Ground Circuit - provides a path for stray electrical current to flow to the earth
6. Over current Circuit - electrical current flowing through a circuit exceeds its
safe operating limit
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
What is electronic components?
- Electronic components are the essential parts used to build electronic circuits.
TWO MAIN TYPES OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Passive components - use or store energy
1. Resistance - obstructs the flow of current
2. Capacitors - used for storing electrical energy
3. Inductors - store energy in a magnetic field
4. Tranformers - transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another, often
changing the voltage
5. Wire - used to transport electricity to transmit energy and information
6. Cable - a bundle of one or more wires designed to carry electrical signals or
power
Active components - add energy to a circuit and can increase or change electrical
signals. They control, manage power and information in the circuit.
1. Transistors - act as electronic switches or amplifiers, controlling the flow of
current
2. Diodes - allow current to flow in only one direction ( the traffic enforcer of the
circuit
3. Integrated Circuit - containing thousands or millions of transistors and other
components on a single chip ( eg. Include microprossesor, memory chips, and
operational amplifier )
Either
1. Rectifiers - electrical device that is made of one or more than one diodes that
converts the alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC)
2. Filters - used for filtering out some of the input signals on the basis of their
frequencies
