Learning Objectives:

1. Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments applicable to a specific

job
2. Clean and store drawing instruments properly.

Key Terms
Compass - an instrument used to draw arcs and circles whose diameter is one inch or
bigger.
Detailed Drawing - a separate large-scale drawing of a small part of a machine or
structure especially working drawing.
Digital Drawing - drawing is created using graphics software. Instead of using a pencil
and paper, digital artists draw with a tablet or a computer, along with a device such as a
mouse or a stylus.
Divider - used for dividing distances into a number of equal parts. It is used also for
transferring distances or for setting of a series of equal distances.
Drawing - the representation of an object with the use of lines and shades. It
communicates ideas in a graphic and through picture form.
Drawing Pencil - one of the most important tools of a draftsman, used for drawing.
Freehand Drawing - an expression of graphic language without the use of drawing
instruments.
Freehand Sketching - a valuable means of amplifying as well as recording verbal
explanation as a means communication graphically to others.
Technical Drawing - an expression of graphic language with the use of drawing
instruments.
T-Square - it is commonly used for drawing horizontal lines
Drawing Instruments and Their Uses/ Functions

Drafting Tools/ Drawing Uses/Functions

Instruments

T-SQUARE  it is used for aligning the drawing paper above the

table.
 it is commonly used for drawing horizontal lines
 it supports the triangle in making vertical and
inclined lines.

Illustrations below show the proper use of drawing

lines and measuring angles using the T-square and
triangle.

TRIANGLE it is commonly used in describing vertical and inclined

lines.
 450X450X900 and 600X300X900

COMPASS it is used in architectural and mechanical works to

draw arcs and circles whose diameter is one inch or
bigger.

DIVIDER used for dividing distances into a number of equal

parts. It is used also for transferring distances or for
setting of a series of equal distances.
BOW DIVIDER it is used for same purpose as the large divider, but
for short distance (approximately 25mm or less) and
for more accurate work.

BOW COMPASS These are commonly used for drawing arcs and
circles of approximately 25mm (1”) radius or smaller.

Kinds of bow compass:

Bow pencil – it is used to describe of approximately

25 mm (1”) or smaller.

Bow pen – it is used for inking smaller circles

RULING PEN
it is used for inking lines drawn especially arcs and
circles by attaching it to one leg of a compass. A type
of pen used in graphic design and calligraphy for
drawing precise lines of various thicknesses. Hoyer_
Thomas

LENGTHENING BAR
it is used to increase the diameter of a circle by
attaching it to one leg of a compass.

ERASING SHIELD it is made of a thin piece of metal or plastic with

various shape opening. It is used for protecting the
lines near those being erased.

PROTRACTOR it is used for measuring or setting of angles other than

those obtainable with the triangle.
FRENCH CURVE
it is used for describing irregular curves

DRAWING PEN
it is used for inking drawings and other related
artworks

TRIANGULAR SCALE it is used mainly to reproduced the dimensions of a

full size drawing, reduced or enlarged it to same
regular proportions.

DRAFTING MACHINE
it is an ingenious device that replaces the T-square,
triangle, scale and the protractor

TEMPLATES
A great variety of templates are useful for drawing
almost any ordinary drafting symbols or repetitive
features such as rounds, fillets, and including letters.

KINDS OF TEMPLATES
 Circular template
 Ellipse template
 Architectural template
 Electrical & electronics templates
 Lettering template
DRAWING PAPER /
DRAWING SHEET
Various types of drawing papers are available for use,
but hard and soft surface drawing papers are highly
recommended to be the best. This type does not
groove easily when pressure is applied to the pencil.
Oslo paper is commonly used but bond paper is also
recommended.

Orientation of drawing sheet

A4
A3

A2

A1

A0

2. Type Y (A4 only)

Standard sheet size (ISO)
d
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841 Drawing
Title block
A0 841 x 1189 space

Sheet size c (min) d (min)

A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
 MASKING TAPE This is used for fastening the drawing paper on the
drawing table or drawing board because it does not
damage the board and it will not damage the paper if
it is removed by pulling it off.

ERASER This is used to clean the dirt off the drawing. A soft
eraser is advantageous in removing smudges and
pencil marks, whereas, a harder eraser is useful for
making changes and correcting errors in the drawing.

DRAWING PENCIL This is one of the most important tools in drawing. It

comes in various grades. The grade of pencil to be
used depends on the quality of paper to be used. You
have to take into consideration also the type of line
work required.

Hard pencils – are used where extreme accuracy is

required especially working on graphs, diagrams, and
charts. (4H,5H,6H,7H,8H & 9H)
Medium pencils – are used for general purpose work
in drawing. (B, HB, F, H, 2H & 3H)
Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in mechanical
drafting. They are very useful for artwork of various
kinds. (2B,3B,4B,5B, 6B, 7B)

Measuring Tools
Measuring Tools used for the purpose of measuring dimensions. Measuring tools are
imperative for implementing any work with precision. They are also used largely for
carrying out different types of measurements.

Importance of Measuring Tools

Measuring tools are essential for examining a finished product or semi- finished
product. The inspection or examination operations include checking, or testing an object
based on the required dimensions given on a diagram or a sketch. Again the
measurements taken must be accurate.
How to Take Care of Drafting Instruments/ Measuring Tools

Tools will last longer when properly kept and maintained. A good worker or draftsman
keeps and takes care of these tools. The following are some pointers:

1. Be sure to inspect tools before using them. This is to check if they are in working
condition. This can be detected when there is ease and speed when in use.

2. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth. Wipe it dry with another piece
of cloth before keeping it.

3. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to a nail
(attached to a wall) at the end of its blade.

4. Do not abuse or misuse any piece of drawing instruments.

5. Avoid throwing tool to anybody instead hand it over

6. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new position each
time, because slight errors in the measurements may accumulate and give rise to a
large error.

7. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles across the drawing. Pick up the
triangle by their tips and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before moving.

8. Report defective tool and any hazard to instructor immediately.

LEARNING CHECK:

Directions: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

______1. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.

______2. An instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal parts.
______3. Used for marking out distances, as well as, measuring purposes.
______4. A flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide for drawing
images on plans.
______5. Used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing board.
______6. Most common grade of pencil used in architectural drawing.
______7. Used to draw arcs and circles.
______8. Used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guide for triangles.
______9. A thin transparent paper used for reproduction in blueprint.
______10. Instrument used to reduce or enlarge measurement and distances and for
transferring measurement to the drawing paper.
______11. Used in place of the standard drawing board and T-square.
______12. A high technology machine for drawing purposes.
______13. Used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines.
______14. A pen used for inking mechanical lines.
______15. Instrument used for measuring degree angle.
______16. Used to sharpen pencils into desired lead point.
______17. A thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil and inked lines to protect other
drawing lines.
______18. It helps pencil lead into a conical shape point.
______19. It is used in setting a line degree angle.
______20. Serves as substitute instrument in sharpening a pencil into desired points.