Department of Education

Region IV-A CALABARZON

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON PROVINCE
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

General Mathematics
Quarter 1
Week 5
 Review

1. Which of the following is NOT a description of a

rational function?
a. The denominator or q(x) should not be equal to 0.
b. The denominator or q(x) should be equal to 0.
c. The domain of all values of x where q(x) ≠ 0.
d. Both p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions
wherein it has no negative and fractional exponents.
 Review

2. Given is the function

What is the value when x = -1?
a. -1
b. 1
c. 2
d. undefined
 Review

3. In a set of ordered pairs (1,6), (2,7),

(3,8), (4,9), (5,10), what are the abscissa?
a. (1,2,3,4,5)
b. (-1,-2,-3,-4,-5)
c. (6,7,8,9,10)
d. (1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4, 9, 5, 10)
 Review

4. If the domain of the function D(x) is

represented as {x | x ϵ R, 10≤ x ≤ 20}, then
it is in what format?
a. Roster Format
b. Set-builder form or notation
c. Interval notation
d. Scientific notation
 Review

5. What is the first step in finding the

domain of a rational function?
a. Equate the denominator to 0
b. Equate the numerator to 0
c. Find the LCD
d. Multiply both sides of the equation by 0
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
▪ Represents an inverse function through its:
(a) table of values, and (b) graph.
▪ Finds the domain and range of an inverse
function.
▪ Solves problems involving inverse functions.
▪ Represents real-life situations using
exponential functions.
 Representing an inverse
function through table of
values, and graph
Week 5
 Lesson Proper

Inverse Function with table of values and graph

▪ The inverse of a function is a function with domain B and
range A given that the original function has domain A
and range B.
▪ This inverse function of function f is denoted by 𝑓 −1 . It is
defined by the equation 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = 𝑥 if and only if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
for any y in range B.
▪ Since both are functions, then a function has to be one-
to-one for its inverse to be a function at the same time. If
it is a many-to-one function, its inverse is one-to many
which is not a function.
 Lesson Proper

▪ In using table of values of the functions, first we need to

ascertain that the given function is a one-to-one function
wherein no x-values are repeated. It is represented as the
x-values of the function resulted as the y-values of its
inverse, and the y-values of the function are the x-values
of its inverse.
▪ Also, the graph should correspond to a one to one function
by applying the Horizontal Line test. If it passes the test,
the corresponding function is one-to-one. Given the graph
of a one-to-one function, the graph of its inverse can be
obtained by reflecting the graph about the line y = x.
 Lesson Proper
Example 1
The given function f(x) = 2x + 3 has an inverse function
𝑥−3
of 𝑓 −1
(𝒙) = as discussed in the previous lessons.
2
Let us use the x-values to complete the table of values
in y-values for the f(x) = 2x + 3.

-1 1 3 5 7
Lesson Proper
 Lesson Proper
▪ At this point, let us investigate on the inverse function
𝑥−3
𝑓 −1
(𝒙) = by using the y-values from the original
2
function as x-values of the inverse function.
▪ Observe the same process in completing the table of
values by substituting the x-values to the given inverse
function.
▪ Now the table of values will be as follows:

-2 -1 0 1 2
Lesson Proper
Lesson Proper
 Lesson Proper

▪ However, for easy steps, if you're asked to

graph a function and its inverse, all you have
to do is graph the function and then switch
all x and y values in each point to graph the
inverse. Just look at all those values
switching places from the f(x) function to its
inverse f-1(x) (and back again).
▪ Furthermore, the two graphs will be
symmetric about the line y = x.
 Activity

Show the inverse function and construct a table of

values for each of the following function. Use -2 to 2.
 Domain and
Range of an Inverse
Function
Week 5
 Lesson Proper

To determine the domain and range of an

inverse function:
▪ The outputs of the function f are the inputs to
𝑓 , so the range of f is also the domain of
−1

𝑓 −1 .
▪ Likewise, because the inputs to f are the
outputs of 𝑓 −1 , the domain of f is the range of
𝑓 −1 .
 Lesson Proper
We can visualize the situation as:

This means that the domain of the inverse is the range of the
original function and that the range of the inverse is the domain
of the original function.
 Lesson Proper

▪ The domain of the original function is (2,3,5,10) and

the range is (6,8,12,21).
▪ Therefore the domain of the inverse relation will be
(6,8,12,21) and the range is (2,3,5,10).
 Lesson Proper

Properties of an Inverse Function

−1
If the 𝑓 inverse function exists,
1. 𝑓 −1 is a one to one function, f is also
one-to-one.
−1
2. Domain of 𝑓 = Range
−1
3. Range of 𝑓 = Domain of f.
 Lesson Proper
Example 1
(𝑥+2)
Find the domain and range of the inverse function 𝑓 (𝒙) =
−1
3
Solution:
▪ To find the domain and range of an inverse function, go back
to the original function and then interchange the domain and
range of the original function.
▪ The original function is f(x) = 3x-2. The original function’s
domain is the set of real numbers and the range is also the
set of real numbers.
(𝑥+2)
▪ Thus, the domain and range of 𝑓 (𝒙) =
−1
is the set of all
3
real numbers.
 Lesson Proper
Example 2
Find the domain and range of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 and its
inverse.
Solution:
Let 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐
Interchange x and y: 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐
Solve for y.
𝟑𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐
(𝑥−12)
𝒚=
3
−1 (𝑥−12)
𝑓 (𝒙) =
3
 Lesson Proper

Determine the domain and range of f and 𝑓 −1

 Lesson Proper
Example 3
Lesson Proper
 Lesson Proper
Example 4
Consider f(𝒙) = 𝑥 2 − 𝟓.
Find the inverse and its domain and range
Lesson Proper
 Activity
Find the inverse of f. Determine the domain and range of each
resulting inverse functions.
Activity
Activity
Real-life Problems Involving
Inverse Functions
Week 5
 Lesson Proper
Exchange Rate!
Anna’s mother works in South Carolina USA as a
domestic helper for a living. She sends off money in
the Philippines each month. Recently the exchange
was $1.00 to ₱50.85.
a. Complete the table by converting U.S. dollar
to peso
 Lesson Proper
b. Describe how did you convert US dollar to peso.
To represent the equation of converting Philippine Peso
to US dollar, you need to think about the value of the US
dollar as the input and the equivalent amount in peso as the
output.
c. Write an equation that converts dollar into peso.
Since the exchange rate is ₱50.85 per US dollar, then
the function can be described as ₱ = 50.85($).
d. Write an equation that converts peso into dollar using
the equation in (c).
Its inverse as $=₱/50.85 where ₱ and $ as are the
amount in peso and dollar respectively.
 Lesson Proper

e. Sketch and describe the graphs of the original

function and its inverse.
▪ For you to complete the table of values, you need to
evaluate the function. After completing the table of values
you can now sketch the graph of the function and its
inverse. Remember, that the domain of the original
function is the range of the inverse function and the range
of the original function is the domain of its inverse.
▪ Take note, that the graph of the inverse function is the
reflection of the graph of the original function about the
line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
 Lesson Proper
f. If Anna needs to buy a new laptop for her online
classes, how much dollars should her mother give her if it
costs ₱17,000.00?
Anna’s mother should consider giving her $334.32.
g. How important the conversion of currency in real-life
situations?
If you are aware of the exchange rate, it is an advantage
for you to choose the right institution or establishment for
your money. You can calculate the amount you will receive as
the less or high value after the currency is converted
depending on the current exchange rates.
 Lesson Proper
Example 1:
The SSG officers of Blooms National High School are planning
for a JS Prom. The allocated budget for decorations, sounds,
and other miscellaneous expenses is ₱10,000.00 and an
additional ₱150.00 for meal expenses for each guest. The
organization received an amount of ₱40,000.00 from its
external stakeholders.
a. Write the total allocated budget as a function of the number
of guests.
b. Find the inverse of the function.
c. State the domain and range for this situation.
d. Find the possible number of guest for a budget of ₱40,000.00
 Lesson Proper
Example 1:
The SSG officers of Blooms National High School are planning for
a JS Prom. The allocated budget for decorations, sounds, and
other miscellaneous expenses is ₱10,000.00 and an additional
₱150.00 for meal expenses for each guest. The organization
received an amount of ₱40,000.00 from its external stakeholders.
a. Write the total allocated budget as a function of the
number of guests.
Let 𝑥 be number of guest
𝑓(𝑥) be the allocated budget as a function of the number of
guests.
Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) = 10,000 + 150x
 Lesson Proper

b. Find the inverse of the function.

To find the inverse
y = 10,000 + 150x Write f(x) in terms of y
x = 10,000 + 150y Interchange x and y and solve for y
x – 10,000 = 150y Apply the addition property of equality
 Lesson Proper

c. State the domain and range for this situation.

Use the inverse of the function to find the domain and
range of the situation.
 Lesson Proper

d. Find the possible number of guest for a

budget of ₱40,000.00
▪ For a budget of ₱40,000.00, two hundred (200)
students may attend the JS prom.
▪ If there are more than 200 students, the
organization needs to think of other means to
raise additional funds for the prom.
 Lesson Proper

Example #2:
A Google Play Music allows member to download songs
for ₱203.40 pesos each after paying a monthly service
charge of ₱762.75. The total monthly cost C(x) of the
service in peso is C(x) = 762.75 + 203.40x, where x is the
number of songs downloaded.
(a) Find the inverse function
(b) What do 𝑥 and 𝐶 −1 (𝑥) represent in the context of the
inverse function?
(c) How many songs were downloaded if a member’s
monthly bill is ₱3813.75?
 Lesson Proper

(a) Find the inverse function

𝐶(𝑥) = 762.75 + 203.40x
y = 762.75 + 203.40x Write 𝐶(𝑥) in terms of y
x = 762.75 + 203.40y Interchange x and y and solve for y
x – 762.75 = 203.40y Apply the addition property of equality
 Lesson Proper

(b) What do 𝑥 and 𝐶 −1 (𝑥) represent in the context

of the inverse function?
𝑥 = the total monthly cost of the service
𝐶 (𝑥) = the number of songs downloaded.
−1

(c) How many songs were downloaded if a

member’s monthly bill is ₱3813.75?
15 songs were downloaded if a member’s
monthly bill is ₱3,813.75
 Activity

The cost of producing laptops by JOB

Company is given by C(x) = 1300x + 5500
(in pesos) where x is the number of
produced laptops.
a. Find the inverse of the function.
b. How many laptops will produce if the
cost is ₱12,000.00?
 Representing Real-life
Situations
Using Exponential Functions
Week 5
 Lesson Proper

Exponential Function
▪ An exponential function with the base b is a
function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 or 𝑦 = 𝑏 , where
𝑥 𝑥

(𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1).
▪ Some of the most common applications in
real-life of exponential functions and their
transformations are population growth,
exponential decay, and compound interest.
 Lesson Proper

Example #1
Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at MJD
Farm is put into a petri dish and the
culture doubles every 10 hours.
a.Give an exponential model for the
situation.
b.How many bacteria will there be after 90
hours?
 Lesson Proper
Example #1
Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at MJD Farm is put into
a petri dish and the culture doubles every 10 hours.
a. Give an exponential model for the situation.
Solution:
a. Let 𝑦 = number of bacteria
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑦 = 300 An exponential model
𝑡 = 10, 𝑦 = 300(2) = 600 for this situation is
𝑡 = 20, 𝑦 = 300 (2)(2) = 1200
𝑡 = 30, 𝑦 = 300 (2)(3) = 2400
𝑡 = 40, 𝑦 = 300 (2)(4) = 4800
 Lesson Proper

Example #1
Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at MJD Farm is put
into a petri dish and the culture doubles every 10
hours.
b. How many bacteria will there be after 90 hours?
Solution:
a. If 𝑡 = 90, then y = 300(2) (90/10)
y = 300 (2) (9)
y = 153,600.
There will be 153,600 bacteria after 90 hours.
 Lesson Proper

Exponential Models and

Population Growth
Suppose a quantity y doubles
every T units of time. If 𝑦𝑜 is the
initial amount, then the quantity
𝑡/𝑇
after t units is given by y=𝑦𝑜 (2) .
 Lesson Proper

Example #2
A certain radioactive substance decays half
of itself every 5 days. Initially, there are 50
grams.
a. Give an exponential model for the
amount of remaining substance.
b. Determine the amount of substance left
after 30 days.
 Lesson Proper
Example #2
A certain radioactive substance decays half of itself every 5 days.
Initially, there are 50 grams.
a. Give an exponential model for the amount of remaining
substance.
Solution:
a. Let t=time in days
At t=0 Amount of Substance = 50g
t=5 Amount of Substance = 50 (1/2) = 25 g
t=10 Amount of Substance = 50 (1/2) (2) = 12.5 g
t=15 Amount of Substance = 50 (1/2) (3) = 6.25 g
 Lesson Proper

Example #2
A certain radioactive substance decays half
of itself every 5 days. Initially, there are 50
grams.
b. Determine the amount of substance left
after 30 days.
 Lesson Proper

Exponential Decay
The half-life of a radioactive
substance is the time it takes for
half of the substance to decay.
The exponential decay formula is
1 𝑡/𝑇
y=𝑦𝑜 ( ) .
2
 Lesson Proper

Example #3
Aling Divina deposits ₱10,000.00 in BDO
that pays 3% compound interest
annually.
a. Define an exponential model for this
situation.
b. How much money will she have after
11 years without withdrawal?
 Lesson Proper
Example #3
Aling Divina deposits ₱10,000.00 in BDO that pays 3%
compound interest annually.
a. Define an exponential model for this situation.
Solution: Compound Interest means the interest earned
at the end of the period is added to the principal and this
new amount will earn interest in the nesting period.
a. 𝑡 = 0 ₱10,000
𝑡=1 ₱10,000+ ₱10,000(0.03) = ₱10,300.00
𝑡=2 ₱10,300+ ₱10,300(0.03) = ₱10,609.00
𝑡=3 ₱10,609 + ₱10,609(0.03) = ₱10,927.27
 Lesson Proper

From the above, the principal amount together with the interest
earned as computed is as follows:
𝑡=0 ₱10,000
𝑡=1 ₱10,000(1+0.03)=₱10,000(1.03)= ₱10,300.00
𝑡=2 ₱10,000(1+0.03)^2=₱10,000(1.03)^2=₱10,609.00
𝑡=3 ₱10,000(1+0.03)^3=₱10,000(1.03)^3=₱10,927.27
An exponential model for this situation is
𝐴 = 10,000(1.03)^𝑡
 Lesson Proper

b. How much money will she have after 11

years without withdrawal?
A = ₱10,000(1.03)^11 = ₱13,842.34

After 11 years without withdrawal there

will be ₱13,842.34 in bank.
 Lesson Proper

Compound Interest
If a principal P (initial amount of
money) is invested at an annual
rate of r compounded annually,
then the amount after t years is
given by A = P(1+r)^t.
 Lesson Proper

Example #4
The Natural Exponential Function
While an exponential function may have
various bases, a frequently used base is the
irrational number e, whose value is
approximately 2.71828. Because e is a
commonly used base, the natural exponential
function is defined as having e as the base.
 Lesson Proper

Example #4
The predicted population of a certain city is given by
P=200,000e(0.03y) where y is the number of years after the
year 2020. Predict the population for the year 2030.
Solution:
The number of years from 2020 to 2030 is 10, so y=10.
P = (200,000)(2.71828) (0.03)(10)
P = 269, 971.70
The predicted population for the year 2030 is 269, 971.
 Lesson Proper

The natural exponential

function is the function f(x)
=𝑒 .
𝑥
 Activity
Solve the following:
Lesson Proper
Lesson Proper
 Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON PROVINCE
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

General Mathematics
Quarter 1
Week 5