International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)

Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2022, pp. 873~882

ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp873-882  873

Appropriateness analysis of implementing a smart grid system

in campus buildings using the fuzzy method

Dina Maizana, Syarifah Muthia Putri

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Medan Area University, Medan, Indonesia

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: The smart building campus is still being studied by researchers until now.
Given the importance of meeting key performance indicators on smart
Received Nov 21, 2021 campuses. Medan Area University is a campus that uses a smart grid system
Revised Mar 21, 2022 to solve energy management problems. With the position of the Medan Area
Accepted Apr 6, 2022 University being in an area that has the potential to utilize photovoltaic (PV)
solar renewable energy sources. With the designation of Google Earth data,
the average sunlight intensity in the campus area is 4,528 KWh/m2. The
Keywords: design of the smart grid system is carried out by making solar PV solar as
the main source and 4 computers as loads. The fuzzy method was chosen in
Fuzzy method the smart grid system simulation that has been designed because the fuzzy
Optimal method can provide decisions in the intersection area. To facilitate analysis
PV solar The MATLAB program is used to assist in the simulation. So that the output
Smart grid can show results that are close to real conditions. Based on 144 hours of data
Stable that has been entered into the fuzzy method, the output shows the results are
appropriate to be implemented.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Syarifah Muthia Putri
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Medan Area University
Kolam St. No. 1, 20223 Medan, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
Electricity as a source of energy in a building has an important role in the sustainability of activities
in the building. This also adjusts to campus buildings, lecture facilities, laboratories, administration, and
worship require electrical energy to support the activities in campus building. To achieve smart building
campus, it must be fulfill key performance indicator (KPI) in smart campus and smart microgrid [1], [2].
Green energy is included in that KPI which obtaining reduce CO 2 emission. Hence, this research utilizes
renewable energy to follow that KPI.
Several ways have been done to provide uninterrupted electrical energy, such as wind [3]–[5], micro
hydro [6], and solar panels [7]. Utilization of renewable energy as a future energy source needs to be
implements in smart grid system to ensure efficient energy management [8]. Meanwhile, according to
Alotaibi et al. [9] in paper a comprehensive review in sustainability in smart grid that smart grid classified
into seven categories that comprise actor and application. The actor include renewable energy generation,
smart meter, control systems, programs, decision makers, and telecom stations. The application include
energy management, site automation, and energy storage [9].
Therefore, the research method in this paper uses power central plant combine with solar panel
system as energy sources. Hybrid inverter as an information processing supports the smart grid system. The
information processing controls the electrical transmission from sources to the loads. The infrastructure that
uses in this research is four computers in the campus building itself.

Journal homepage: http://ijpeds.iaescore.com

874  ISSN: 2088-8694

Utilization of renewable energy sources is the right step to ensure the availability and sustainability
of electrical energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) solar system that uses in this research is one of the renewable
energy sources. The ability of PV solar system depends on the weather condition. Indonesia is called by
equator country, which have two season such as summer and rainy season. Which is the sunlight intensity
influenced by those seasons. North Sumatera is one of province in Indonesia. Medan Area University is
located in North Sumatera. Through the google earth application, it is known that the intensity of sunlight in
the Medan Area University area that is located at coordinates (03036’04’’, 98043’06’’) in North Sumatera. It
has a sunlight intensity of 4,528 KWh/m2. Therefore, it can be seen that the Medan Area University area has
great potential for solar power generation.
Research that has been carried out by authors are regarding the power flow of the smart grid system
in the Medan Area University campus building [10], optimization of the smart grid system in the Medan Area
University campus building [11], and electrical energy efficiency with the smart grid system in the Medan
Area University campus building [12]. The energy management system of the development of solar
photovoltaic technology is a challenging task. Adequacy analysis is carried out by looking at consumer
flexibility and performance analysis of energy management systems can be carried out using the
MATLAB/Simulink platform [6]. Beside the MATLAB program, the analysis of energy system can be used
hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) software [13] and machine learning [14]-[16].
Meanwhile the smart grid system is a system that optimally manages electricity by integrating
renewable electrical energy sources and ensuring the availability of electrical energy. To ensure the
availability of electrical energy in the designed smart grid system, it is necessary to test using the fuzzy
method. Several fuzzy methods is used for decision techniques to evaluate a lot of problem such as, the
assessment of battery energy storage [17], the prioritization of renewable energy sources [18], efficiently
predict of short term load consumption [19]. On the other hand, fuzzy is also support the reinforcement
learning process [20].
In this paper, the authors conducted research related to the smart grid system using fuzzy analysis.
Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, such as control, and artificial intelligence. Through fuzzy logic,
decision-making is not done classically, but is done with a range of membership values [21], [22]. The
formula that produce for fuzzy method simulation is using membership value as indicate in (1).

0; 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 𝑐
(𝑥−𝑎)
𝜇(𝑥) = (𝑏−𝑎)
; 𝑎≤𝑥≤𝑏 (1)
(𝑏−𝑥)
(𝑐−𝑏)
; 𝑏≤𝑥≤𝑐
{

From (1), a fuzzy function will be formed which can be seen in Figure 1. The system will be
represented by a constant U while membership is represented by a constant x, where the value of x varies
from a to c. For area 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 𝑐, the system does not match. This means that the source is not able to
meet the energy consumption of the load. If the area is in 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏, it means that the system will
(𝑥−𝑎)
appropriate and the value of its members is (𝑏−𝑎). For a system in the area 𝑏 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑐, it means that the
(𝑏−𝑥)
system will appropriate and the membership values are (𝑐−𝑏)
. Thus, the analysis using the fuzzy method can
be recommended to determine the electrical management in the campus building that has been implemented.

Figure 1. Membership function for set x

Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2022: 873-882
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  875

To ensure the accuracy of the decision model not only on the source but also on the load (in this case
it is used as input to the simulation program) [19]. The predicted electrical system as shown in Figure 2, it
shows the main system input more than two inputs. Then it is continued in the database learning system by
following fuzzy rules so that it will produce consumption predictions [19].
This paper aims to analyze the appropriate of implementation smart grid on campus buildings using
the fuzzy method. Appropriate analysis on a smart grid system is designed by involving a central power plant
and solar PV as a source and utilization of electricity in the engineering faculty building as a load. The design
of the smart grid system in the campus building is described in the form of a mathematical model. Then the
mathematical model was analyzed using the fuzzy method. The fuzzy method will show that the components
in the smart grid system are included in the fuzzy membership values, until the smart grid system is
implemented. The result of fuzzy analysis means the appropriateness in energy management which designed.
To simplify the simulation, the MATLAB program is used to support the analysis of the fuzzy method.

Figure 2. Diagram of electricity prediction system [19]

2. RESEARCH METHOD
The appropriateness analysis of the electrical system in the smart grid system requires
communication between sources in making decisions so that the availability of electrical energy sources can
be guaranteed. The communication required, namely: i) the system is stable if the source provides sufficient
power to the entire load, ii) PV solar/active battery, if power central plant lacks energy, and iii) the battery is
charged, if power central plant has more power. Therefore, in this system the battery acts as a source and
load. The system simulation in this study can be seen in the following one-line diagram as shown in Figure 3.
Bus 1 consists of 𝐺1 which is a source of power central plant electrical energy called 𝑃𝑆1 . Bus 2
consists of 𝐺2 , which is a source of solar cell energy called 𝑃𝑆2 , and a battery (𝑃𝑜 ) is a source of energy stored
by 𝑃𝑆2 and 𝑃𝑆1 . Bus 3 is the load on the campus building which consists of 4 (four) computer administration
(𝑃𝐿1 ), (𝑃𝐿2 ), (𝑃𝐿3 ), and (𝑃𝐿4 ) as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
The implementation of a distributed architecture in a smart grid system will achieve reliability,
efficiency, and cost reduction through power management as shown in Figure 4 [23]. In this study, one of the
components in this smart grid system is a solar power plant. This solar power plant has specifications as
shown in Table 1.

Figure 3. One line diagram system

Appropriateness analysis of implementing a smart grid system in campus buildings using … (Dina Maizana)
876  ISSN: 2088-8694

Figure 4. Implementing smart grid system in campus building

Table 1. Specification of PV solar system

Device’s Name Specification Quantity
Solar Panel Polycrystalline 400 WP 2
Battery SMT VRLA 175 AH/12 V 2
Cable 4 mm2 2 way weatherproof
Battery Equalizer Battery equalizer be24 2
Hybrid Inverter 2 kva/revo-e series hybrid solar inverter technical specification built-in mppt solar controller 1

In the solar power generation device, a hybrid inverter is used. Which aims to actualize the
automation system on the smart grid system. The optimization technique is required in an automated system
to apply some resources optimally [24], [25]. Furthermore, the smart grid power system is analyzed using the
fuzzy method. So, it needs to be derived in the form of a mathematical equation. The mathematical modeling
of the smart grid system is designed as shown in (2) is being as:

0 𝑃𝑆2 = 𝑃𝐿1 + 𝑃𝐿2 + 𝑃𝐿3 + 𝑃𝐿4

𝑆𝐺 = { 𝑆1 𝑃𝑆2 < 𝑃𝐿1 + 𝑃𝐿2 + 𝑃𝐿3 + 𝑃𝐿4
𝑃 (2)
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑆2 > 𝑃𝐿1 + 𝑃𝐿2 + 𝑃𝐿3 + 𝑃𝐿4

PV and load data collection was carried out for 144 hours as shown in Table 2.

Table 2. The measurement result for 144 hours

No Day/Date PV (Watt) Load (Watt)
1 Monday/27 September 2021 274.56 5.44
2 Tuesday/28 September 2021 302.11 8.02
3 Wednesday/29 September 2021 289 7.59
4 Thursday/30 September 2021 248.89 7.11
5 Friday/1 October 2021 251.89 6.74
6 Saturday/2 October 2021 356.8 8.42
7 Monday/4 October 2021 249.11 7.73
8 Tuesday/5 October 2021 339.67 12.82
9 Wednesday/6 October 2021 298.56 11.49
10 Thursday/7 October 2021 236.33 6.44
11 Friday/8 October 2021 354 11.09
12 Saturday/9 October 2021 370.8 11.77
13 Monday/11 October 2021 304.33 12.45
14 Tuesday/12 October 2021 297 11.64
15 Wednesday/13 October 2021 268.33 10.67
16 Thursday/14 October 2021 296.33 8.15
17 Friday/15 October 2021 255.78 9.88
18 Saturday/16 October 2021 334.4 10.23
19 Monday/18 October 2021 388.8 15.55

Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2022: 873-882
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  877

From the data shown in Table 2, it is known that the minimum power obtained by PV solar is 236.33
watts and the maximum power obtained from PV solar is 388.8 watts with a peak load of 15.55 watts.
Therefore, it can be seen that the output produces three conditions namely:

Stable: 236.33 ≤ 𝑃𝑠2 ≤ 388.8 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡 (3)

𝑃𝑠1 active: < 236.33 (4)

𝑃0 active: > 388.8 (5)

Based on these conditions, it can be seen that the fuzzy membership function in stable conditions derived
from substitute (3)-(5) to (1), that is:

0; 𝑥 ≤ 236.33 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 388.8
𝜇(𝑥) = {(𝑥 − 236.33)/(76.235) 236.33 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 312.565 (6)
(76.235 − 𝑥)/(76.235) 312.565 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 388.8

The Figure 5 shows block diagram of decision system which is used in implementation smart grid
system in campus building with fuzzy method. Based on Figure 5, the electricity prediction system can
be seen in the block diagram. At the moment, it can be modified for decision system such as smart grid
implemented in this case.

Figure 5. Block diagram of decision system

The block diagram is composed by 2 inputs: power load and power source with data taken from
Table 2. The expected results from the decision system are switch source to battery or 𝑃𝑠1 . The decision
system is to make sure that the smart grid system running well without lack of energy.
Fuzzy simulation on the optimization of the smart grid system in the Medan Area University campus
building was carried out with MATLAB based on data from (6). By MATLAB simulation using fuzzy
method will be build the graphical user interface (GUI) design as reinforcement learning [20]. It is shown in
Figure 6.
Figure 6(a) shows the fuzzy system method which is automatically created by Matlab program
simulation. In this step, the source is initiated by 𝑃𝑠2 and the loads are initiated by𝑃𝐿 . By double click the 𝑃𝐿
block, then Figure 6(b) will be appear. The next step in Figure 6(b) can be seen that to fill the range
parameter from 5.44 watt until 15.55 watt that shows the load area in 𝑃𝐿 graph. While Figure 6(c) is the third
step shows data input process for total renewable energy sources (𝑃𝑠2 ). The range parameter that used in this
case is from 236.3 watt until 388.8 watt that shows the load area in 𝑃𝑠2 graph. Figure 6(d) is the fourth step
for input process for membership areas in fuzzy as the output simulation. Figure 6(e) shows the instruction
input process carried out in all cases that occur in the smart grid system in rules model. It shows 3 (three)
decision conditions that can explain in Figure 7.
First condition describes 𝑃𝑠1 in active, the second condition describe 𝑃𝑠2 active, and the last one
describes battery active. The fuzzy decision will appear at area under intersection of 2 (two) lines between
𝑃𝑠1 active and stable line or between stable line and battery active line. It does mean the decision depends on
fuzzy simulation.

Appropriateness analysis of implementing a smart grid system in campus buildings using … (Dina Maizana)
878  ISSN: 2088-8694

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e)

Figure 6. MATLAB simulation for (a) total load input, (b) total load input, (c) total solar PV power
input, (d) membership area input, and (e) case instruction in smart grid system

Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2022: 873-882
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  879

Figure 7. Fuzzy simulation result decision

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Solar cell PV devices that have been installed on loads in campus buildings consisting of the
computer have been operating well suitable with actor components in smart grid according to Alotaibi [9].
Then, it is meet with the smart campus KPI [1]. Figure 8 shows the average usage during the load. Figure 9
shows the solar PV power generated. This shows that solar PV can work to fulfill load requirements.
From Figure 8, the average load per day fluctuates due to different administrative needs in the
building, which are adjusted to the needs of students. On the 8 th day, there was an increase because students
began to actively study. While on the 10th day, there was a decrease in the total burden caused by
administrative officers who were not actively working. From Figure 9 shows the average PV power per day
fluctuates due to changes in weather that occur, there are days with sunny, cloudy, and rainy conditions.
Weather changes will affect the intensity of sunlight intensity that can be absorbed by solar PV.

Figure 8. Average power load Figure 9. Average daily power of PV solar

Figure 10 shows the pattern of power generated by solar PV in three days. It can be seen on
Figures 10(a) and 10(b) that the PV power will increase in the morning and decrease in the afternoon.
However, on Figure 10(c) shows that in the morning there was a PV power decrease. It was caused by
changes in the weather to become cloudy.
Based on the data obtained for 19 days, it can be seen in Table 2 the value of the lowest, middle, and
highest loads per day as a reference for the peak load value such as lowest power load is 5.44 W, middle
power load is 9.88 W, and the highest power load is 15.55 W that must be fulfilled by the source. While the
lowest, middle, and highest values of solar PV power are 236.33 W, 297 W, and 388.8 W respectively. It can
be seen that PV power is able to satisfy the needs of the total load.
The fuzzy method is used to simulate the scenario of the smart grid system that has been designed in
(1) and (2). Based on the simulation results, it can be seen that the smart grid system works in a stable
condition, which can be seen in Figures 11. Figure 11 shows that randomly testing 𝑃𝐿 = 8, 𝑃𝑠2 = 300, and
the resulting output is 313, which is within the membership value so that the condition is stable.
From Figure 12 describe simulation process that derived from Figure 11. If 𝑃𝐿 fulfilled (see the
shaded area in Figure 12 (a)) and 𝑃𝑠2 is available (see the shaded area in Figure 12 (b)) and, then the fuzzy
decision is appropriate based on the shaded area in Figure 12 (c) as the output results.
From Figure 13 describe simulation process that derived from Figure 11. 𝑃𝐿 is fulfilled (see the
shaded area in Figure 13(a)) but 𝑃𝑠2 is not available (see Figure 13(b)), so the fuzzy decision is not
appropriate (see Figure 13(c)). It can be seen in Figures 13(b) and 13(c) that there is no shading shown in the
figure respectively.
Appropriateness analysis of implementing a smart grid system in campus buildings using … (Dina Maizana)
880  ISSN: 2088-8694

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 10. Three samples of PV solar power daily (a) Day 1, (b) Day 3, and (c) Day 2

Figure 11. Fuzzy method simulation results in 2D graph

(a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (c)

Figure 12. Fuzzy simulation process: (a) 𝑃𝐿 input, Figure 13. Fuzzy simulation process:
(b) 𝑃𝑠2 input, and (c) output in well condition (a) 𝑃𝐿 input, (b) 𝑃𝑠2 input, and (c) output in 𝑃𝑠2 off
condition

From Figure 14 describe simulation process that derived from figure 11. 𝑃𝐿 is not fulfilled
(see Figure in 14 (a) but 𝑃𝑠2 is available (see Figure 14 (b)), then the fuzzy decision is not appropriate
(see Figure 14 (c)). It can be seen in Figures 14 (a) and (c) where there is no shading shown in each figure.
Based on explanations from Figures 12, 13 and 14 can conclude the fuzzy decision will be appropriate if 𝑃𝑠2
and 𝑃𝐿 are available. Figure 15 shows a 3D graph of the simulation results of the fuzzy method on the
optimization of the electrical system with the smart grid system. The 3D graph shows that all variations
between 𝑃𝑠2 and 𝑃𝐿 for fuzzy decision. Figure 15 shows a 3D graph of the simulation results of the fuzzy
method on the optimization of the electrical system with the smart grid system. The 3D graph shows that all
variations between 𝑃𝑠2 and 𝑃𝐿 for fuzzy decision.

Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2022: 873-882
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  881

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 14. Fuzzy simulation process (a) 𝑃𝐿 input (b) 𝑃𝑠2 input (c) output in 𝑃𝐿 not fulfilled condition

Figure 15. Fuzzy method simulation results in 3D graph

4. CONCLUSION
The Medan Area University, which is located in an area with an average sunlight intensity of 4,528
KWh/m2, provides an opportunity to utilize PV solar energy sources. The results of measurements carried out
for 144 hours, obtained the minimum and maximum power obtained by solar power system (PLTS) are
236.33 watts and 388.8 watts, respectively, and the peak load is 15.55 watts. From the fuzzy simulation there
are 3 (three) conditions that indicate fuzzy decisions. The fuzzy decision that has given in the system shows
that it is appropriate to implement.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Author thanks to Kemenristekdikti for sponsor and financial support acknowledgments with
contract number 161/E4.1/AK.04.PT/2021, 297/LL1/PG/2021, and 1424/LP2M/03.1.1/VII/2021. We also
would like to thank Medan Area University for supporting this research.

REFERENCES
[1] S. Alrashed, “Key performance indicators for Smart Campus and Microgrid,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 60, p. 102264,
September 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102264.
[2] Y. Özüpak, G. Çetintaş, and A. Kaygusuz, "A smart campus integrated with smart grid," 2017 International Artificial Intelligence
and Data Processing Symposium (IDAP), 2017, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/IDAP.2017.8090275.
[3] I. Hussain et al., “Stochastic Wind Energy Management Model within Smart grid framework: A joint Bi-directional Service
Level Agreement (SLA) between smart grid and Wind Energy District Prosumers,” Renewable Energy, vol. 134, pp. 1017-1033.
April 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.11.085.
[4] W. Meng and X. Wang, "Distributed Energy Management in Smart Grid with Wind Power and Temporally Coupled Constraints,"
in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 6052-6062, August 2017, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2682001.
[5] Y. E. G. Vera, R. D. Lopez, and J. L. B. Agustin, “Energy Management in Microgrids with Renewable Energy Sources: A
Literature Review,” Applies Sciences, vol. 9, no. 18, p. 3854, September 2019, doi: 10.3390/app9183854.
[6] P. Chaudhary and M. Rizwan, “Energy management supporting high penetration of solar photovoltaic generation for smart grid
using solar forecasts and pumped hydro storage system,” Renewable Energy, vol. 118, pp. 928-946, April 2018, doi:
10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.113.

Appropriateness analysis of implementing a smart grid system in campus buildings using … (Dina Maizana)
882  ISSN: 2088-8694

[7] A. Aktas, K. Erhan, S. Özdemir, and E. Özdemir, “Dynamic energy management for photovoltaic power system including hybrid
energy storage in smart grid applications,” Energy, vol. 162, pp. 72-82, November 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.016.
[8] F. Ayadi, I. Colak, I. Garip, and H. I. Bulbul, "Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources in Smart Grid," 2020 8th International
Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), 2020, pp. 183-188, doi: 10.1109/icSmartGrid49881.2020.9144695.
[9] I. Alotaibi, M. A. Abido, M. Khalid, and A. V. Savkin, “A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Smart Grids: A
Sustainable Future with Renewable Energy Resources,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 23, p. 6269, November 2020, doi:
10.3390/en13236269.
[10] S. M. Putri, D. Maizana, and Z. Bahri, “Analysis of Smart Grid Power Flow System with Gauss-Seidel Method,” IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 753, no. 1, p. 012005, May 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/753/1/012005.
[11] S. M. Putri and D. Maizana, “The Changes of Smart Grid System Optimization Based on Accumulation of Alternative Energy,”
International Journal of Renewable Energy and Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 36-41, 2020.
[12] D. Maizana, S. M. Putri, and Z. Bahri, “The influence of alternative source on the efficiency of smart grid system on campus
building,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 753, no. 1, p. 012006, May 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-
1315/753/1/012006.
[13] A. M. Eltamaly, M. A. Mohamed, M. Al-Saud, and A. I. Alolah, “Load management as a smart grid concept forsizing and
designing of hybrid renewable energy systems,” Engineering Optimization, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1813-1828, 2017, doi:
10.1080/0305215X.2016.1261246.
[14] S. Azad, F. Sabrina, and S. Wasimi, "Transformation of Smart Grid using Machine Learning," 2019 29th Australasian Universities
Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/AUPEC48547.2019.211809.
[15] M. Fouad, R. Mali, A. Lmouatassime, and M. Bousmah, “Machine Learning and IoT for Smart Grid,” The International
Archieves of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. XLIV-4/W3, pp. 233-240, 2020, doi:
10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIV-4-W3-2020-233-2020
[16] R. Krc, M. Kratochvilova, J. Podrouzek, T. Apeltauer, V. Stupka, and T. Pitner, “Machine Learning-Based Node Characterization for
Smart Grid Demand Response Flexibility Assessment,” Sustainability MDPI, vol. 13, no. 2954, pp. 2-18, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13052954.
[17] H. Zhao, S. Guo, and H. Zhao, “Comprehensive Assessment for Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Fuzzy-MCDM
Considering Risk Preference,” Energy, vol. 168, pp. 450-461, February 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.129.
[18] M. Colak and I. Kaya, “Prioritization of renewable energy alternatives by using an integrated fuzzy MCDM model: a real case
application for Turkey,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 80, pp. 840-853, December 2017, doi:
10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.194.
[19] S. Bissey, S. Jacques, and J. C. L. Bunetel, “The Fuzzy Logic Method to Efficiently Optimize Electricity Consumption in
Individual Housing,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 1701, October 2017, doi: 10.3390/en10111701.
[20] N. Bassiliades and G. Chalkiadakis, “Artificial Intelligence Techniques for The Smart Grid,” Advances in Building Energy
Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-2, 2018, doi: 10.1080/17512549.2017.1410362.
[21] M. Rahmani and Andebili, “Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Planning and Operation of Smart Grids,”Power Systems Springer,
2021. ISBN 978-3-030-64627-1.
[22] M. Deveci, F. Canitez, and M. Soylemez, “Using Fuzzy Decision-Making Method for Prioritizing Application Areas of Smart
City Projects,” Economic and Social Development (Book of Proceedings), 48th International Scientific Conference on Economic
and Social Development, vol. 1, no. m3, pp. 225-232, November 2019.
[23] H. Talei, M. Essaaidi, and D. Benhaddou, “Smart Campus Energy Management System: Advantages, Architectures, and The
Impact of Using Cloud Computing,” Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Smart Digital Environment, July 2017,
pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1145/3128128.3128129.
[24] H. A. Muqeet, H. M. Munir, H. Javed, M. Shahzad, M. Jamil, and J. M. Guerrero, “An Energy Management System of Campus
Microgrids: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 20, p. 6525, October 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14206525.
[25] S. Cui, Y. Wang, J. Xiao, and N. Liu, "A Two-Stage Robust Energy Sharing Management for Prosumer Microgrid," in IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 2741-2752, May 2019, doi: 10.1109/TII.2018.2867878.

BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Dina Maizana received the Ir, from University of North Sumatera, Indonesia in
1991, MT in Electrical Conversion from Institute of Bandung Technology, Indonesia in 1995
and Ph.D in Electrical System Engineering from University of Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia in
2011. Her research interest includes electrical energy conversion, machine design, renewable
energy, and smart grid technology. She has authored and co-authored more than 100 technical
papers in the national, international journal and conferences. She can be contacted at email:
[email protected].

Syarifah Muthia Putri received the ST in telecommunication engineering from

Telkom Institut of Technology and MT. degrees in electrical engineering from Bandung Institut
of Technology, in 2012 and 2015, respectively. She is a lecturer in Medan Area University,
Medan, Indonesia. Her current research interests include smart grid technology. She can be
contacted at email: [email protected].

Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2022: 873-882