IT PROJECT CYCLE

The project life cycle is a 4-step framework designed to help project

managers guide their projects successfully from start to finish. The
purpose of the project life cycle is to create an easy to follow framework
to guide projects.

DESIGN DEVELOP TEST DEPLOY

 AI PROJECT CYCLE
➢ It does not stop at the deployment stage
➢ It is cyclic
➢ Test, deploy→ system learns→ test, modify →
system learns→ test modify………
➢ It improves over a period of time
➢ Different experts look at these stages differently
 AI PROJECT CYCLE
• Problem Scoping : Includes the problem which you
wish to solve with the help of your project.
Problem
• Data Acquisition :includes acquiring the data for
Scoping
the AI project.
• Data Exploration : Includes exploring the data,
Data interpreting some useful information out of the
Evaluate Acquisitio
n • Modelling: Includes looking at different AI-enabled
algorithms , going through several models and
selecting the one which match your requirement
and then implementing the chosen model.

Data • Evaluation: Includes deploying the concerned

Modeling Exploratio model in the real world and evaluating each and
n every model and then choosing the model which
gives the most efficient and reliable result
 PROBLEM SCOPING

PROBLEM SCOPING

An inquiry starting from given conditions to To assess or investigate something.

investigate or demonstrate a fact

➢ Understanding Project Requirements

➢ Analytics approach to the Project
 PROBLEM SCOPING

Before you begin troubleshooting a problem, you

must first define the scope of your problem. When
defining the scope , you need to identify what is
working and what is not working

While finalizing the aim of this system, you

scope the problem which you wish to solve
with the help of your project. This is Problem
Scoping
 Eg
• It is selecting a problem
• Selected theme for your project:
which we want to solve using
our AI Knowledge. • Reason for selecting this theme:

• Involves identifying a • Topics under this theme:

problem and having a vision • Choose any one topic from the list down
on it to solve it. the problem under the topic:
• It involves a series of steps to
narrow down to a problem
statement from a broad • Now state the selected problem as your
GOAL.
theme.
• Write the goal/Aim of your project:...............
Theme Issue Problem
 4WS FRAMEWORK

• 4Ws Framework ca be used to understand step by step how problem

scoping is done.

• Who? - The who block helps to analyse the people getting affected
directly or indirectly due to it. Stakeholders are the people who get
benefited with the solution.
• What? - Find the nature of the problem. Gathering evidences to prove that
the problem exist.(news papers, magazines, media, announcements etc.
• Where? - Focusing on the context /situations/location of the problem.
• Why? - We think about the benefits which the stakeholders and the
society would get from the solution.
4W’s Canvas
 PROBLEM SOLVING TEMPLATE – 4W’S
FRAMEWORK

Our [stakeholders] Who

__________________________ Who are the stakeholders
__________________________ What do you know about them

Has/have a [issue,problem,need] What

problem that __________________________ What is the problem
__________________________ How do you know that it is a problem?
(evidence)
When/while [context, situation] Where
__________________________ What is the context/situation the stakeholders
__________________________ experience the problem.
Where is the problem located
An ideal solution [benfit of solution for them] Why
would _________________________ Why this solution be of value to the stakeholders
_________________________ How will the solution improve their situation
 KIMCHI MOVIE
SCARCITY OF NAPA CABBAGE (NARROW DOWN
THE PROBLEM WITH A NARROW THEME)

4 W’S FINDING THE PROBLEM

Who ? What ? Where ? Why ?

 DATA AQUISITION

DATA AQUISITION

Facts and statistics collected together for An asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a
reference or analysis. library or museum

➢ Data requirement
➢ Data Collection
 DATA ACQUISITION
• Data is the lifeblood of AI.
• AI system have the ability to process enormous amount of
data.
• Accuracy increases along with data volume.
• Data is the foundational element that makes AI powerful.
• Data can be a piece of information or facts or statistics
collected together for reference or analysis.
• An AI project need to be trained with data to predict
output.
 DATA FEATURES

• It refers to the type of data you want to collect.

• As data is important part of the AI project, the
data acquired should be authentic , reliable , and
correct.
• The data acquisition method should be conflict
free.
• Some ways of data acquisition : surveys, sensors ,
cameras, observations etc.
 POINTS TO REMEMBER
• Data should not be collected from random websites as the data might
not be authentic and it should be accurate.
• Data which we collect should be open source . Extracting private data
can an offence.(Data Privacy)

Open
Reliable Authentic
Sourced

DATA.GOV.IN, INDIA.GOV – OPENSOURCE GOVT FOR DATASETS

Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical
conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can
be manipulated by a computer.

SURVEYS WEB SCRAPING SENSORS

OBSERVATIONS APPLICATION
CAMERAS PROGRAM INTERFACE
 THROUGH SYSTEM MAPS
Purpose : The purpose of this section is to identify reliable and authentic data sources for its acquisition

• System Maps are used to understand

complex issues with multiple factors that
affect each other. In a system, every element
is interconnected.
• It helps us to find relationship between
different elements of the problem which we
have scoped.
• It helps us in strategizing the solution for
achieving the goal of our project.
Link to make system maps :
https://ncase.me/loopy
 A SYSTEM COMPRISES
• Elements: These are different ,discrete elements within the system.
• Eg: organs in a human body.
• Interconnections :These are the relationship that connect the elements.
• Eg: food webs and predator-pray relationship.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ToSsHHxJW6c
Eg. To make system maps on the topic Water Cycle with the following elements

Clouds Snow Underground Rivers

Soil

Oceans Trees Land Animal

 DATA EXPLORING

DATA EXPLORING

Facts and statistics collected together for Inquire into or discuss (a subject) in detail.
reference or analysis.

➢ Exploring Data Analytics

➢ Data Preparation
DATA EXPLORATION
Data exploration is an approach
similar to initial data analysis,
whereby a data analyst uses visual
exploration to understand what is
in a dataset and the characteristics
of the data, rather than through
traditional data management
systems[1]. These characteristics
can include size or amount of data,
completeness of the data,
correctness of the data, possible
relationships amongst data
elements or files/tables in the
data.
https://datavizcatalogue.com/

Here various types of graphs will be explored using online open sourced website.
 MODELING

The next step in our workflow is

choosing a model. There are many
models that researchers and data
scientists have created over the
years. Some are very well suited
for image data, others for
sequences (like text, or music),
some for numerical data, others
for text-based data.

**Writing codes to make a

machine artificially intelligent.
 DATA MODELLING

Selecting Developing
Algorithm Model

Selecting the best way to reach the solution Converting Algorithm into Model
 Artificial Learning
Where Machine is identifying
 Machine Learning
Where Machine is Learning with the
help of data features
Deep Learning – Neural Network
Learn Data features on its own
 AI is an umbrella discipline that covers everything
related to making machines smarter. Machine Learning
(ML) is commonly used along with AI but it is a subset
of AI. ML refers to an AI system that can self-learn
based on the algorithm. Systems that get smarter and
smarter over time without human intervention is ML.
Deep Learning (DL) is a machine learning (ML) applied
to large data sets. Most AI work involves ML because
intelligent behaviour requires considerable knowledge.
 MACHINE
LEARNING
LEARNING
BASED
AI
MODELS DEEP
LEARNING
RULE
BASED
Rule based approach refers to the AI
modelling where the relationship or
patterns in data are defined by the
developer.
The machine follows the rules or
instructions given by the developer,
and performs its task accordingly.
Learning based approach refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns
in data are not defined by the developer.
In this approach, random data is fed to the machine and it is left on the machine to
figure out patterns and trends out of it.

Generally this is approached is followed when the data is unlabeled and too random
for a human to make sense out of it.

Thus the machine looks at the data, tries to extract similar features out of it and
clusters same datasets together

As output the machine tells us the about the trends which it observed in the training
data
 Decision Tree
A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible
consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. It is one way to display an
algorithm that only contains conditional control statements.
It is a rule-based AI model which helps the machine in predicting what an element is with the help of
various decisions (or rules) fed to it. Decision Trees are made on the basis of the dataset we have and
change according to the parameters which we take into consideration for modeling

While making Decision Trees, one should take a good look at the dataset given to them and try to figure
out what pattern does the output leaf follow. Try selecting any one output and on its basis, find out the
common links which all the similar outputs have

While making Decision Trees, one should take a good

look at the dataset given to them and try to figure out what
pattern does the output leaf follow. Try selecting any one
output and on its basis, find out the common links which
all the similar outputs have

There might be multiple decision trees which lead

to correct prediction for a single dataset. The one
which is the simplest should be chosen as the best
 Root Node

Internal
Nodes

Branches

Leaf Nodes
 EVALUATION
The program evaluation process goes through four phases —
planning, implementation, completion, and dissemination and
reporting — that complement the phases of program
development and implementation. Each phase has unique
issues, methods, and procedures.
1) Review prior evaluation results, recommendations and
lessons learned. Evaluation enables continuous
improvement and learning to be used for new strategies,
programmes and projects;
2) Review evaluation plans to ensure coordination and
coherence of evaluation activities;
3) Carefully plan the timing of the evaluations; and,
4) Ensure sufficient funding (calculated with the Evaluation
Budget Matrix). The planning stage further includes
consultation with stakeholders.
 EVALUATION AND DEPLOYMENT

➢ Project Evaluation
➢ Project deployment
➢ System tuning
➢ Project Review
Create a 4W Project Canvas for the following. As more and more
new technologies get into play, risks will get more concentrated
into a common network. Cybersecurity becomes extremely
complicated in such scenarios and goes beyond the control of
firewalls. It will not be able to detect unusual activity and
patterns including the movement of data. Think how AI
algorithms can scrape through vast amounts of logs to identify
susceptible user behaviour. Use an AI project cycle to clearly
identify the scope, how you will collect data, model and
evaluation parameters