Presentation Of Data-Il \ Diagrams And Graphs. the salient ey create a lasting impression of the 1 magnitude ‘be easily remembered on the mind of an observer. lity of Diagrams and Graphs Comparison can be made between different sa 2. Diagrams also create impressive value, 3. This technique can be ui statistical analysis, These give a very clear picture of d ‘tures of the data, The the values which ean Importance or uti of les very easily, ‘sed in some cases for numerical type of This art gives us more inform: classification, nN as compared to tabulation and ne and energy and also is economical, lace and at any time. This the subjects and other various 1s and graphs, as it view of data presented ines for drawal of a diagram or graphoa 2 Prevention OF Date Diag "Aad Grapht 1 Simple. It should be drawn in simple manner. 2. Attractive. Chief objective of diagrams and graphs i thatthe auracive, Aho be ‘3. Appropriate type. I is highly necesary to select the approprig gram fora given data, te ype ot 4. Heading. An appropriate Tio Heading shoul be gven a thet 5 Size, The soe ofa diagram or graph shou be either too ama ror oo large 1. Scales, Thre are two axes vit: Horiootal or Xs, and Ve axis The scales ofboth the axes shoul leat an bre, be given, st “Length and breadth, To lock attractive, decent, snd impressive, ratio of {LAL Lis considered proper. 8. Reference Note. To get ready veflrences and comparative sty, all ‘gues should te atsgned a nuzber,o an alphabetic lee. '9, Footnote. For clarifying certain ambiguities i 8 gue, a note shold be vn at the fot ofthe diagram. 10. Source Note. A note shouldbe made in respect of he source from which the data have been eallcted. 11 Index. An index ofthe colours, shades, ines, designs, ete used in the figures should te given in be Limitations of diagrams or graphs Following are the limitation of such representation of data (Thee cannot show so many focts a a statistical table can do, (i) Two or three dimensional diagrams are difficult to understand than the {acts contained ina satstial able. (Gi ei very dificult to show the small difrences through these diagrams cor graphs (Gs) The male utility of fires is that comparision ix possible but its we to ‘be used when comparision i sither not poral ors ot necessary. ‘Types of Diagrams ‘There ate many types of diagrams but we will study diagrams ealy mentioned i slabs 4. Bar Diagrams In those diagrams only the length dimension i even the importance The Jength re akes aeoeing tthe ive of variable and distance between then 5 L ‘ha hagemens stow be Sionple or Nubipke or Percentage Bar 13. Comparison canbe made easily by this device ‘Simple Bar Diagram T figures are slzo used where only single dimension can preseat th data, ness of lines is made, The breath and distance between them sh shen aoording spate avaiable on the paper a {EXAMPLE 1. Average Monthly Wages of some workers (in 2) are pen tno, Represent iy Sim Dg fs t € Fforkers No. 173 Ta a [average Wage | 2450 | “aoa —| isa] aos0| same | ie i Solution ? 1 Workers 1 9 uae then on Xai and average wage of hse mekers 2) are taken on Y-axis. ae a On Y-axis one small division = 200° = 199 | 1 10 \ (On Xaxis equal width is given to each variable and dintnceRetwen these | tarsi also kop eonatant 1 'B. Multiple Bar Diagrams 1 When we havo to make comparison between two oF more variables, hin ‘usd The number of warablea may be 2, Sor tor mote. In cave of2 penne Ost Dene ate Prominent nt ar EXAMPLE 2 Present the following data by a suitable diagram. ] Soiation ate eh data of both Jars (tegarding Temperaturd Wie ean make igure easly fe eure TT (Cumulative) Da | to: [ae ais RS Sr] Fama (Cumulative) ic a day | day day | day | day | day Highest Temp-0| «7 | 40 spas | 2 | s Lowest Temp-c | 81 | 28 20 [16 [so | 4 Solution a i i wees se ‘Day is taken along Yasin at xual distinc. French dy, bars fr bh and sow tomporatures wl bv standing along each xe. With of bar for high and Jaw temperatre will b the same. However fr these with ean be differen. Dotan betwen each yes wl be same ©, Sub-divided Ber Diagram ‘This a anather typeof diagram thse ean be used to present above ie of data Here we dessins ta. Th ompanents must be pt in same orden 2, Subs-divided Circular Diagram (Ple Diagram) ‘hose are also called Pe or Angular Diagrams, We take the total of tems andeach tem is given its proporonate angle taking the total as 360 In tht ‘ir ne may hare wo compate in terms of totale also if data belongs tot cases [EXAMPLE 4, Prepare Pie Diageam for following data oe EXAMPLE 8. Represent the following data regarding the monthly i 2001 | 2078 “Articles ‘Expenditure Family A | peoonginare Family B ] Solution a ‘Year Work clothing 00 00 1908 180 | 20190 = 90°——____ — ak. 2001 = 2002 tuo ‘Total = 720 “Take circle of any radius. In this ciel GRAPHS. Constitution of graph paper ‘draw these angles one after the other. ‘These figures are drawn on a special type of paper known as eraph paper. teaph papers are dvied in salt equa tuares of 0 orion) fie oa010 oT o. casas a OS {ay Highest Income of lowest 80% will be = Median m rt a Tesora gh fr ch ‘ tthe mantel hw ced ea ae line in called "Y-ana and is denoted by Y OF ted bY EOR: b other is known a8 "Orgin’ and is often denoted ty ran cce GaNaee eee it nuth anc eohcsn es sae tae F ae ; a Te ee hs se ‘ivisions without any use. It will make the graph look edi In nuch ease mer |; false base lines as shown on the last page. - eequired, we can take false bas inom Xai lan vert hee thay eat ch ro then sr ag ‘Types of Graphs. ‘Thor ar two types of eraphs 1 raquoney Distribution Graph 4. Line graphs of Time series Grophsor Historias 1 Frequency Distribution Graphs Data in not express in terms of ti imeevala Tem of clase intervals are rn, but in tris of a tes ass Tan Xa where equ it taken on Yan, a requency geapihs ean be classified into fllowin (0) Frequency Plyanas (a) Opes (Frequency Curves1 consints of « number of rectangles, those ate versely adjacent. Case {intervals are taken on Xaxis and frequencies on Yeas and rectangles are formed ofthe height proportionate to ther frequencies, Al the clase intervals should be equal. In ase it isnot there, we make itso, as weil sin the ‘coming examples, Moreover series must he exclusive for Histogram, ‘These ean be of two types: (© Histograe with Egul class intervals (6) Histograms with Unogua dass intervals EXAMPLE 5. Prepare Histogram for the following data. (Equal Interval Daily Wages (R)=| 2500 | S075 | to100 | oeaas | Taste Prequeney a | [wo | wo | Solution We take eraes fr bth the ste. ad Le EXAMPLE 6, Draw Histograms from the following: ([ip teeny Wazes +] 10-16 [16-20] 20-25] 26-30 30-10 | 0-00] 60-00 [Mvorkers Tielwi[stetels Solution ‘ee (EE Sa aaa ene a ual interval ceria, adjusting els the ‘lence we convert al th ine ed in interval and fea 7 We wil convert icin 0 Here smallest clas intarval is of 6 waits this sia 4060 las ntral ha ben ied i these intervals has alka been divided by 4; Ge. 22 = Geach and sina 2 {into two cass-ntervae of units each with frequoncy of 3 = 6 each, () Prequenay Polygons can be eassruted by taking mide points of elas intervals on X-axis nd ‘he tequeey on Yoni. These points are ined. Two extremes are joined with base in such a way that they touch the Nes at half the dintance of cass Ineral out ie the extreme pint EXAMPLE 1. Draw Prequoney polygon and Histogram with requeney polygon fom the folowing frequency dieribution casine: [oa] ea] oa [aio [ioe] 19-0 [1 Fewer | 6] e} eto) ei] fs Solution (i) When only potygon is constructed First we ake nova cau t00-2, 2-4, 18-20. Then ws plot the curve by taking points on Vas aod to gn feaweney but on X- aie we de this Toner on X-aain we sake pints pint taking the mile of hsvinteralssrerpending to 1,3, 6,1, Lew i he mid ont of he Fannin 0D Dagon dna rerhs w ‘ry ne aad alt ts ti pon gee coma in tenes om aren oa ertban pce ence come um on ean and more than oxen from the EXAMPLE & Draw Ie be Kasi. fotlowing data: Tei] e159) | ee eee coo Perera ete lets Te constructed {if When Histogram is also to Be aoaee oe dnwEsiyh ings and thn aking he mid pte sow in tb, Etre a ped wih hn ana cml the elon. “Gese of hthe clasinterala show below 2. Line graphs of Time Series graphs sia an te ober varies Te thi ce of graph, tine i aken along X ae Php mente of variables om Yn may be ae of more than oe. Pe Lown as One Vari, Two Variables or Three Variables eras TRAMPLE 9. Present following data on a graph paper (Single {ch Ogive or Cumulative Frequency Curve asiabley eee cnere vet eso [wears [rear Javon [1000 [2000 [ooo [avoe [2vos [2004 t200s 370 [asso [2405 [+190 sez [osso [sero [0170 [ar70 lincrores {Lens than ove and Gi More thom 08Prmattin at iran nd et Setution Prominin Date Diagrams ind rot “Diagrams and Graphs—A Comparison "Te wet term in thin eatin 170 an het 7D ‘Similarities 2. othare simple and atrastve 4 Bathea give condensed orn 0%. 2. Bak help to compare the wars etree oon diage. 2. Diagrams ae ton dann 08 ane paper WETS £890 en) 1. Dew tar dingrm present he allowing 8 AMPLE 10, Present the flowing data on a raph paper. (P40 io Variables) om am ee = fee ses aes Tews) | (esse ee ee & | Value of cost (in € Lacs) 1460, iso | 2350 | 4500 » \ oo aiwortevensecnttac | sime_[_sase_| sie | se [ema Sony [| re tet Si] me Seaton on mle tet | « 1 Ll gai Mec sy fre sadn | RED pote vind by ne msn ar ee [Dew nie ar Ron 3 |prenentation Of Datel Diagrama And Grophe ® Presnalion OF Det nga 4 Dra subtvied br diagrams for @. No.5. mintconte TE Ti 1000 aor [0m ae Taos [oe [oss [ioe 8 Dave percentage bar diagram fr @. No. oe 1600 [1900 | 2200 [214 [ 200 [290 | ano 6 Represent he folowing data by a Pie diagram evens 0000) | 1000 | 2200 | 250 | sano [sco [2100 ao f= _as | [sxe Saar ‘Objective Type Questions (Mark) a Which snot the advantage of diagrams ? 7._ Prepare Ps Ding othe llwring dt {Comparison Forecasting Food | Gites | Feel | Bent | Binanion [3G Grrenconey Dictation Getting ents ns) Tie 800 | 400 300 | 200)“ 4. Which following is not a typeof dingrams? oe |_oon [2 | sp | oor _| oe ee tinea (Breeden! Ane Drm inte ewig ates aoe ng one densa sige? x: | so-ss [see | oo-s5 | es-10 | ros | tooo {eine gear (Rectang [ > ie lt « 1s | = |» tosasere ore ‘ans od he tloing at he dingo dm in Qe a Draw Histogram of the fling di 4 ge or Mave [3 | [| [we [Ts To ore cate (ans.(o) To Propo Hstorgam for ahe flowing data eel Clos ner (op aver (Fas Base ie Siena Manta 6-10 [10-20 [20-20 | 3000 0 [0-00 [0-18 Re ee alee (ame) Se aeaammot + Lo t+ wis ta | af a Tr ConatretFreuensy Pages fllonins dat & a ameto) [Bere [ose [roo [20-0] 200] os [onan ooo [rose | sot0 soe 1. Imgeaph, the data can be shown of how many periods [bus s|wls|es I aiale2le]s]e wr (5 Sites ow DA number Ans 0) Tf, Present lowing daa on agra 4. Which of following x reqvency raph? io (Orie oh rr ‘aoe [ot oo [a0 (Oar oh {osuaianstr sr xe ofS: | 210 [90 [ a | very Short/One Word Question Answers (1 mario © 1. What a dagram ? Fer ioon [oot [os [om 2 Whats ted"? [ic oranienes| 200 [ow [ovo | 19m 4 Datne Oe dono daa [iat Foe) tae fl bo) » oes ean a = memmeta tn essa rns | % Wh fram le el at 18 allowing tab ges thePresentation Of Dat Diagram And Cre 6, What perentge bar graph ? 4. Whatisa'Pe Diagram? 8, Whatis graph presentation? 4, Define Frequency Graph 10, What fale tse line? 1, What is another name of Point of Orga? 12, Die Histogram, 13, What is eequeny Curve? 1M. Whats Comulative Frequency Curve ex Ove? ANSWERS Dian nw pra away ig i 1 Te which at are shown in traf bars octane is row a Bar Diagram, 2. digram wich oly oath and moti with moter ale ne mensions gram 4 One that shows ie han one characte of data i called Mui» ‘ne diagram 1, Mull bar dsr, 16 in a tp of gl Bae diagram, bars dvi in iret varias tosis prentg int Bars ar eqs in sit “i len tye of dgram in whch dla repeated within a ie ich ep ofan a wa 207, iin cchiqe of presing ata nthe fem af care ne om 8 eich are based on toques inition are termed frorney drain eps tu. Toop ht Hines dawn above he sli show fab bse tine 1a Hatem ining ritanguae diagram continous, ee cere acces ls ih te regency val ol SEM is othe Xana and euros on th ass | to q 3 fr “ri atin Of Dates Diagrams And Grp care (ot Opive cure) is 2 cure wi 14 Cums eqvenr 1 uted by ping cumulative Hguency data 0 Oe ob, | inoftwo types less than and ore than c (2-3 Mon rt Answer Questions 1 Wasa dg? 2 Steins nr 2 Steir peso dar «Wasaga? 5 Wat tason ob? Dancin of ph me 1 Dei a ie 1 nities ah? Saison than amr ta he? 1d int dre wen aa st 8? Hoven dap simi? ng Answer Questions (7.5 Marks) 1 What ina diagram tate is wii 2 Dain ene gieie fr devine digra8? 2 ite anyon ingens AL hin rap define st vis an inition? Date geoph Wie aso onke ae ra tee ances pet hs inthe Blanks (With Answers) 1 Comparun Focutng apd etn Rody Ress are the advantages cs (Digrame and Graphs) 1 Ooedmcasinna Two dimensional and. ane the yen of dirs. ‘Pree Direasionad 4 One ines diagram area graphs and... (Bar diagrams) 1 Benga dora (Cirle) ttettensin tgs tho stahon (Fale Baseline) Tae ae graph o Yes/No or True/False Question Answers 1, Data canbe sated by Dose Suopleand mip badges arn pen he dinesPres ; entation O/Datast ia 8. Ogiveis Line graph, 4. Bar diagram is a two-dimensional diagram, 5. The raph paper has squares ot Bs oe droke Questions from NCERT Book with Answers “Answer the following questions, choosing the corre answer (141) 1, Bar diagram {sa (@) one-dimensional diagram fetes eg nino ea (© two-dimensional diagrs station Of Datel! Diagrams And Graphs ae veers are egal in compan wo eu titra ina 5 freeney table? an Rian wh he ame fae inter. Ithn een shown Coreecd) page 75 Example sat din Sua Mab Anion pone “sugu potion Te a ih of ese cea arin 7500 toes ring he sme ot em) ane of ug ro eis daring Terniht of To er a001 wat 288000 tm fo ne consumption and 2, Data represented through « histogram can hel ° 00 tne pe ding se nih be te — an Thee guint is “ oo ‘tne diagrams would you we any wh? sapere conn (a) mode (0) mean a ular fem (omedian (@ none ofthe above e int ples cs eee te amamineateten (TeveFalse) Histogram can only be (TruetFal) fostegeam and otumn diagram are the ee fata, Trve/Fale) Sehistogram. CTrveF al): Sareea eqns aston cnaat be FR (rucFalse 1a, What kindof dhgrams are more UO Monthy aif 9 a382" © Seon he ppt of DUBE TESS Fost a 087 fa Component va Hear goss te proces of rt Tait teenies in a Rnogran seul stent” MS) o formed with cotinuows cassftion seo of presentation dat: rage shun can kane eel stove in representing vga atogram afer we orate o thebele o from the ere the flog? ter ce Sen: For yd me bar agra wos mene) ce tees | Eat a gear) in GDP at factor sm das Te tag chang ower te pew | aPrati Dao Daron 0d Represeat the data as multiple time series eaphs. Year —_[Asticwtereand | spausey | Servet | 1094-96 50 92 10 A iat aE Measures Of Centra] aan 26 60 a A I (Mean i A so [a Tendency: ) 100-200 os 69 & Ans Introduction trap eel tn nee AL ay Tin ale nwa as idle valu.T tit, we rede the dt, value which eprint the dst truly. The vale of an average sa ade "towards contrabstion. That mean ites in the mil ofthe dat, say 1 fale within the range of data which ia used to represent allo the asin © vos Is this eon that averages are smatine eal “Morven Tendeny o'Seaeares of Control Lata A measure of Centeal tendency is a typical valve around wig her igures eongresate” “am average stands forthe whole group of which it forms pa oo ve “AE Mg epracents the whol + Objectives and Functions of Averages (@ Representative of the group. To get 4 singe vale wkeh + represetativ of the characteristic of the ene mass oda (Bret Description : Averages aro the microscope iw te hy en sf tatiidats (Gi) Helpfu in Comparision. Mesure of cata ends are vy wl foeparose of makingcompantive studies (is) Helpfl in formulation of polisie, Average Belpc dt # ‘snes incase fa fra or Help the xan ofa county to de (©) Base of other statistical Analysis. Other tata ees ach sean devinton, oo alwls a | Solution i t ¢, In Gelumn, we look fom below St | eel : fe th fare, that ean be deducted fom is £ e 075. ater marking #4 ; wo come one | a8 53 3 Jtep lower and mark f a8 87 and 30-40 o 6 20 oun a oa nas 6 27 ns 1 2 i is 2 sania, Toate Q N= BM = MAE yo, ‘ere Cf= 14; And is wer ant rass6s Continuous Series ; Calculation of Quartiles "Toate ior Q. we ne the sane fauna in ease Mion as ea EXERCISE 6¢ 1 Caouate Qs ae fro he felling 8 1 fe 1030 t mE fMeonrs Of Cota Yn 5-1 eto) ental Pndener ec) 1220+ B20 si a0 See to= 407 - Hint: q=s0+ = 60 oss, seo 1 Hint 2. Qi =Size of “or gach tem 15 _sose0 + 902398 ¢8aan54075=4025 w oom Ste ans oman (unto) fe pxampte 2 Find Q) and Qs for the fllowing series. (Cumulative fi with unequal intervals) Hint 3. = Sie of 240% jor 180Ih erm, Below | Below [Below | Below | Below | Below go 0-10 re | | oo | | 9 | 10 wae ee (a= 10) 4 3 fm fm |» [10 “OTHER Sentes Primae wANTO Example 1, Calevlate median and Q. Unelusive Series) _ 1. Serica eto be changed to ealuive ane ch: [| vo-79 | so-es | soso | som | 209 © Upequalintervle dot make any impact on solution by same formal, (le mts [a [= | Class Solution Inerval "The given sri i inhsive, Convert int exclu one ; oo ‘proved C1 r oh o 195-805 2 2 05, 28.905 19 a se [(o1-71)=20 5195 2» a se-io0_|ioo~o1)=9| 100 995.005 a a P ans 595-605 6 1 E 0 aMeosne OF Central Tendency (Mos) ors Of CntratTendeney-l fetlan) x 3. Find out Median fr fallowing data 10,09 [90-49 | «0-19 | 50-69 | 60-09 Compute median ofthe fellowing data (id Value Series: coe art gt (Comsat Sg s [is [as Ts [as | os | os | 6 fiarisnbove:[ 10 | 20] 00 | «0 | 60 | 6 | w Be oe bef pee epee ind aes intervals fit and then proved i lea pe S9-s087 oi fis Yaw aa 7 22 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION so-40 ia 7 seizamole 1. Determine median vale of the flowing sie by ere mee ees Wages @ [u-10 [10-20 [20-30 [90-10 | s0-¥0 [50-60 [60-70] 70-80] Co Fae A oso _{r¢__| 100 ‘Avery aimee Nei solution (© Using Lows than oxive appronch, the calolation of median valve EXERCISE 8b f involve the flowing se 1. Gonvovt cris into Lets than camaive frequency put dats on Graph x Poa [es uw] ; 2 Findot wth tem and akon the x sea Lago | oo fet [soe [ome [oe [oe |G) ree appear tei he sae tga cre a pint t + 1909-1998 19 = 19.5 + 7.01 = 27. = pan 4, seal 4 Road the corresponding value on the x-axis from point B, ‘This is the 2, Find M. Qs, Qutor the following figures. (lnelusve Series) i value of the median. : eg Hee 1 Entngasn ta ee ve fas Waser Ce [= [ [6 Tava than 10 a Mint 1 a= Siz of 22 or 5th tx (| eamezo | | essanoa0 | ae S41, 219,04 = 15.5) f | Less than @) 40 30 © | tmtkenemao | 58 Hint 2.4 =Sineof 2 or 5h tm Tenthan oo | 7 : jjimsse] a 5+ 25 gargs + age i568 = 155) | | Lessehan ®) 80 a Hint 8. Qo Size 2x 28 op 1975 tem t hw orstise JF _RovesTo ed Q.an Qi re pres fam pon 0 8 s235+ EM canasessem308 dans | getty aoulincinne teenF npding med oaNves Of ginding median using" wore thay " Control Tonle oni "any a Tendenes-tt (ae aren cer iO ii han @) 10 eh 2 than 30 ‘geen @) $0 ein 50 vrei vertan 7 Marine 8 22 28056 omerially 8 femer: Ue vcs Beier = 104848 re) crits and Demerits of Median Merits oF USES rani righ defined as inthe case of Moa 1 etal of extreme emis much ile other values. % i ewe fr the Quantic sie ANE at 2 case cofintligence 8 4. Teean be located grapbieally. ‘ly ealoulated and © ean be Tocated by inspection in some cts. ‘p. Demerits or Limitations sre tho vatue of extreme items ir ton Tage st does not SHES Be ue de to thereon sometimes median des nt remain the muenenative ofthe series scrawl ca (Cdaation of Median using" urea wie oa js also easy to understand. 5 Teeanbeci ‘anda fea, shana More has Se A ine Wore than 1) More thas 10 More than 20 4, minaffected mc more by uctations of sping than AM More than 30 » Mttan cannot be weed for farther algebraic treatment, Unlike mean More than 40 Media pr a otal of terms ain cae of AM. nor median of some than 0 Troupe when combined ‘More han 60 1 Teate number of series i even, we ean only make its estimate; a8 the More than 70 TAME of tro mle torso taken as Median, Moe han 80 EXERCISE 86 1. Find Median evapo ting () Only one ive Gi) bath he ones ing fllowmng data and verify numeri. . (ane 71 Find Median, QI and QS graphical. Also cory aumericaly vale: | 20-0 | 0-10 | 0-50 | 30-00 00] 750 | 0 Lee= teams Gtr nde ee) Carns Objective Type Questions (mat) 41. Answer the following Questions, (Median divides a erie into ew many pats? (Two Three ‘oro CDalatame ale? (G Ito. of terms is even we take mean to get median of (First and ast (@) Cente two (First and Midale (OMe andtost (ana) (i) Medians equals Pe wp oe (Alot these na) (2) Which ofthe following will you prefer a ® = 7 x 230 200 330 ca M 330 en 360 ae a.) (6) Which snot positon measure? (Mean Male (Median (@Quare (ansted (6) Qual devi the seis inn pat, @s w9 @2 @ came) (0) Molin of, **,6.9,15,4,4.°7 6 os ws 1 @Nowe tthe ns.) Very Short/One Word Question Answers (Mark) What Afdian? Civ the forma fining oat dann aids, What do you understand by patton values? Hw i tho value of ean computed withthe Bp of ze curves? Name any tro What do you mean by Lower Quart? [What do you mean by Upper Quartle? es cata ) — nn a hn Ney t 7. item. (Por Odd eres) M = Average of ag AY estes. Preven fama sere) 4 Vales the dvd a ttn seri ita evo or more tha Eo ep ats are krona pation value euch a #4 4 Thin the pine intereton o's than? Ove curve and iota! tie curve egies he alec median aX aun (© Quatde) Desie; up Perens; g) Oxtie eis upper lint of owes 29% terme © a rene © QeSines(}hom inbmetnety 2eree £ Q.mte Beg ae mt inp Short answer Questions 1. WhatarePoitonl Values or Parton Maar? What areitavarus | met 1 De: Moin 2) Quactie0 Lamer Qua () Upper Que Long Answer Questions (7.5 Marks) Duis mst and demerit, Whit ort hat 2 Wai iene betwen ean and eis? Haw mein eleaad eshily* Fillin the Blanks (With Answers) 1 Moti vie a erin .ps? aw Mm aftr term tmadion ce {tfc eters geen neta sn of. terma to gt mia “antral tve) 4 ee psn mene? (tedian and ede) crane uetn Anes i (True) | Mine snegalari vie he setnin ‘% Median of *,**,6, 9,15, si ear Of Cntrel Tendency Hi (Metin) (o Bighest Income of lowest 5% willbe = Median Now » Questions from NCERT Book wi th ag Menus 1. The size of land holding of 380 families i (Gi) Minimum Income of the top 25% will be = Qs. sql i ‘na leis ten no. Hng BY 5804815 6/20; /=20 a5 2 agen nat] less 1100-200 Popo] pny [on gus eno = cee gua2i5 + BE Mas =n45sce0=tanie Number of families | 49 » stor. : Ey i Ans, 7 39 i) Maxie Income ened by lomest 25% wll be = Qh ls S5.sgan o/s fis L,e0bieo5 a. * e2sais 7 = 1055+ BASH, = 195+ 0u2et 9 100-200 | §9 s aye ase tt 200-300 | yas a 00-100 | 6x an soo-s00 | 9 380 L N= 380 2 The following series rlatea the daily income of werkers employed ina firm. Compute (a) highest income of lowest 50% workers (9) mss ‘come earned by the top 25% workers and (@ masiovum icone ead by lowest 259 workers, ([Batictncomedn® T io-1s [v5.19 | go-oe [ apa [aoe | a5 [Rumberotworkers [3 [wo | [| [3 os ‘int. Compute mean, over quar an per quar i a Ce Wott 351s * 3 119 aesi9s 0» 6 0-28 195265 6 0 \ 2529 | ta s205, 20 50 joe | anaes » fo | ss | sms | s rn coalsMeasures Of Central Tendency-ill (Mode) MODE ‘Mode may be defined asthe value that occurs most frequestly Statistical disteibutioa. In French language Mode ane Pasion Around ‘his al, there ihe concentration of he values. Relation between &, # and 2 ma NodentlyAryametric Series zeaM-28 Example 1 Mean = 16 and Median «18, Calculate the Mode Solution Solution AvdeaM-2 Ro =a 14-28 ok =e 10 EXERCISE 9A 18125, a1= Host hn 8 2.8 160,41 = 150; Ft Bete (as. 190 va sere Of eta Penden de) CALCULATION oF MODE A Individual Series, Te terms ace arranged in Ascending oF Descendi is ccuing on, than thre is no mode, eters the imum Number of Times is krowa ns Mode, ode is oft i ng cach em tbo ue that curs jen denoted by © (Amante tem inascenlagor seeding Ber PS cae the term ocarig asin tines iis ora uniane PIE] reese Tinvs each onde? ferns O76 ode rom the flowing da. eels tee co tet SF solaton [3 acnging tone data in ascentng ede cz nPspepelst Ths we gt 1 four tine, 1 we 2D sal Th 16 EXERCISE 98 | |‘ut this method is applicable if; (Q) Tere isa gradual ese fll in the sequence of feguencieg (2) The highest frequency and the next highest frases ae nu (8) Maximum freuen is + 7 peated. 1. Find Mode for following data Mawes 0 ta Tenene ean Of Corral Tendency (ede) Example 2 Find Mode feom the following data 2 * 1 Solution In the above given series high froquncy i820 and varia tothe feguoney ts 16 Ths Mode) 16 ‘Special Nove +Bat, however sometimes i becomes im locate Mode by inspection as concentration of fequencie tanigue manner or fashion as desired for this method, For sucha dtribuioa we have prepare (a) erouping Table and (Analysis Table (9) Grnping Tt Ie Ss tp en ele (Oreauege len (aio int Oterog 0 eens ae aed ne (6) Leaving fst frequency, fequences are added in thee (9) (6) Leaving frat wo quences, equenccs are aed in tive) mead cus, tke aasimum total and puttin acre ora bx to dstrgush it fron other 1m) Analysis Table : “thas following steps 1) Note highest total ech colar, (2) Note the vai a 4) Check sf tbat teal findividl treo mors (20 tem co ite ts qed ae Vor € (9) Guunt Vor markain each eu, (Varia sth ima for «marks denn item, quences ae add in vols) Jor vaible in earhcalton eonespordig (at oasis of or ae frequencies, ach vale ave GROUPING TABLE Tier i occrsed maim times) ches Modal Value 63. Catelate Mote fr, No. 12 (Note Since we can't make we of inspection method asthe frequencies ae not ment concentrated about highest frequency 4, Ts we wll have to proceed @ . as)a trans Of Cert Fendenert dt) Pr OF Cex eden de) 4 . tain ¥ 7]? ]o°]«]" ]% Grouping Tele we et >s fe [wpw ps a t | Gas Eee ay @ | ‘ TTS eee] pee “| * @| mebere bebe pepe eee) ee | ; a3 | a) eos @|« | Cit hi sine wea a meting Eee = : . eee | * | dt et concentrate around this variable. So we have to prepare grouping std oss Tbes) “Analysis Table Continuous Series tere =30- aes - ‘ca. Jet] at [it] AV [V] v1] Tota | Moda interval = 90-40 Ines of Conon Seen evo sep abet emt rE fo gett Done here wie, Me get he val of Mode yIntersaton oth ews EE ls | fa on ‘Median. The lowing forma wed oleate Node) foo} |e ls | = 90;D.= 45-902 15 Th Jools fs |x [x fr fx [6 v1ge=10 le @)= hl also fade @)= 14a Dow t5-38; frissnstiier) am feces] SI ee oe Wwe; Live loverinitof Moat Tnenal [Bi I foo fe 7 22909 Ba ‘isthe frequency crmpending Mota Intra | De= ft po = ‘sth eqn peeling Modal Interval ‘sth eaeney seeing Maal tere Trample Find Mods fom the flowing data Pula of formule) «sth eng Moa Inter X:_| 6-50 [0-100 [100-50/150200 [300-20] 250-300 [300-350] Important Polat while calculating mode fheietsaleloa)]s | (0) Clase bea exeasv (2) Lento anss sldbequl Group 7a (See hal bin ascending err _— aaa a iva (Ottereis cumalative, comers continuo sri Hon] 7 (96 can thm ch th il |] soto | as wo | Silt ase mda cls. then ier Gy] wom [a «| ” sample 1. Calelat Mode fom the fllowing data: FY iam fof © ample 1 Cae soa lof 10s [fiass [ow [rose] sos0[o [ow [somTeonTane] |] oes | 2 e a sutonl tw [ole ts [os | seoaee [isntl Ted te) Meant Of Cra Tendon pacar OF (=e aa RIES . [BevMo tent aso—agy OPHER SERIES sas owing data Uncasn Seried fo Tectia aa, BE 39 [10-1 | 1e-19 | 20-28 | a0 [wae so-109 40-91 69.4% . mists {2s {| 100-150 aking +e signs >, ioe : ee F ee xe mt ence is 1 between upper limit of an interval and lower limit o 200-260 fF ae sth ie foe ep A Moral thezefore we wil have to dodust fom loeee an ad to pee Grouping Table 4 T a | m [w v1 200-350 = 1504 25=115, (Note. If we apply the formula ;Z=ta+ —A=fo xe swe ge ibn etso+ 0-81 2808 aa t Which ie undefined; Hence forma fis and forma tetas BL ay Talay Be gives the rst ore) 00 = 150+ M8; EXERCISE 9D 1. Pd from th flloning data x0 | 20-10 | to [oo ig mmpic 2. Find Mode trom following ata (Cumulative ond Be ae = 10= 093-08 tu Ta. Pescending Series)rors Of Corral Tenner ese) a (0-00) oa aaa TO T = 20-70 | so-t4=i6] 196] 652 2 a 70-80 | e-o=14| 150] 5] 30 3 @ 0-00 | o-o=0 150] _85|__49, 4 « N= 180 Fia=2 ane Sear vena N10, = 40,f210;¢= 10 ono a5 AE ate si8 88357 Mara ,f= Cy 15-70, atest nen aoe Maga Hs A at -23 eats 2099261 ap rasti ean EXERCISE 9E 1. Cente 2m lowing ata ale Ser) % Te [ass [ae [san | aD a | z apap s pe >a pu ts co (ote Mae Seva exci tbsn et nl) hyet=sn3 2. Find filing sei Cami Srn Marks tore chard | o | 10 [2 [a0 [ae [ 50 Ttasschon [2] 00] 0] | oo | w] 8] Wo Ho [Xo.ofStudents | 160 | 190 7 Topas [as [a fo [as por [os [on Solution Hint. 2 = 60+ 211910065, Asis,c=10 wai 2. Me om th tiling dat a] o« fo]m Taint] oo] wo] w]e] | oO] © |i p10 | aso-sso-aof aol sf oles foo ee ee Le too | vio-1oo-io| sof as] of = | am | roo | “ioo-so-2o{ 70] 2s] ao] 2 | wo | ee 80-80 = OF 7 3 el 7 ols (Hint, Make sertes exclusive and also in ascending order). jos] so-so] of slo] oleos Menor OF Cetra endener 4. Catelate Mode fom the flowing data: dV Seren) Bee te bee le t wets fFeqvens] 5 _[ st [16 | 2s yw [se oe Ts) Gaeta int 2550+ EHO w= 48 = 548 merits and Demerits of Mode Ua Merite oF UIE T sode ist term thot occurs most he sien Hones 8 ot a Fasated value ike Median wor 364 vale Uke mes that may Bot be there nthe series Graphical Method ‘Example 1 Find made forthe fllowing data Graphically and veri. X:_|_o-s0_| s0-t00 [100-160] 150-200] 200-250] 250-300] 300-350] tLe Lm Las | ots [am [ow a. eis not ofectd by eatreme values bene is» gol pnenentative af the 45 By Inspection, Modal Interval i 130200 ‘Us 1804 = 50 . Diaigt 287 «210; . Dra 382215 a teean be found graphical alo 5 Por open end infers 8 wo weet to ow the nat p80 ioral 4 wenn aaa be wed incase of Quantitative phenomenon 1p, Demerits oF Limitations TL Mode cannot sterimined lhe serie bimodal or multimodal 4 Mate 1 bused only on concerted value eter alien are sot taken = 100 + 1882 dane nent spite of thet bg AMfetency with the ode. La continuous ea mal att. mie anf the Tenth of hve terval reconsidered 4, Mote Graphical Representatl ‘Steps {Deas listopram ofected by uctuation of sampling 1. Moe ts not ao idly defined bem by diferent methods fremont got the same rents in ease of mea 2 Draw To ins diagonally inside Mota intereal rectangle to upper corner of jacent rectal, 15 eas not capable of further algebra eatnent. Wt pond to fn 3 Draw line Gro interaction af two diagonals on Xan {Te gives value of Mote 5. Mode = 182 Appiox) sn the present example EXERCISE 9F ind 2 graphically and verify your result numerically also. (1-2 ihe combaned moe f sm Objective Type Questions (amar) 1. Anawer the following questionsMesures OfCentral Tendon (Mee) cy Memes Of Cer nen ad) neon Mont, Mode an Nady (0 Astatitin sven ca nly be 2 What the Baia elation be (@ Unieodat (9 Bimecal fnvemted? cateulat Modo ? HOW bit ay (@Makimodal @ Allott (ansfay 2. Won isompi ral sence Me et (i) elation baoweon K, Man ig 4. What prints orem while a (omt=ae2k Wr=mL2g Long answer Questions é in bimol eros? Gee (ns) 1. Wa is modo ® How ie elated in Pry (69 Tofind, which oition sot neces othe serio bene and drei. ee (o)caive (Asso 2. Whar is he relation Beeween mea, nde he (0 Baul @ Openend (ns. (a) computed eraphiells? Ope Fill in the Blanks (With Answers} eee bri) 1. Infrae anvnge ens Fashion 9 Bowley (Fae ne 0 set serio can be Un-moal i moal n 6a) Kai. at 10, 2 Acta secs = eon os 8: Rn een ns 2 ore om (ns 09 1 Toad he ri anv, Anconding ad of Equa, (i) Whi vale canbe found by graph : z (iat Pe (a) Sean Nace 6. firmed the formula Z= 8M ‘© Median (bande (ans cay 6 18 2, a= 10)THen ® (vii) Algerie eaten cn be made incase of (onse.200 |) Yes/No or True/Falze Question Answers an Aston 1 Met, Mode and Mian val abe ound by eaph (Made (Nomoto —— (ane (So, Benn eat be fond by egy (9) Median eal aay. and X 2 Algsriteotmont canta mado in eve oX, Mand’ (Cremer than Leesan (ois only in cae (© Bescon (ONowetihee (Ane. svn eye ven han Very Short /One Word Queston Answers (a mark) ee ee 4 Mote isthe mont uta verge or qunlttivemessument 2. Can node te ond wig tga, Oise ‘SaWER 4 Modi and Mode are iv afte most hy dhe pester eee 1, Tesh value whch css een in erin ene? (iis en) ane 1 ta of tio ot a es om 2. Modo Mean -2 enn +86 am es au oan {Questions from NCERT Book with Answers lee 1 Which avery wou suitable nh lowing ene Short Answer Questions (2-3 Marks) () Avery ie seaman co z (i) Avera tls sem clan lie 1. Dain Mod. Expainsn ne,; eur oat any ii) Average production in a factory per shift me, (© Avg mtn dasa a (©) When the sum of sbrotte deviations fom ay ee (2 Wietentinctanwainannna en (it) In case cf open-ended frequency distribution + nse oe Se fea mae? rene wan ee 1 Tanto teats mane econo a ome ila Wh rere aed monty te pe eto oe sel omen Grocean Scat tin Sa an 2 Berane + co efmag a i G'hesmeneseran 8 tinea Stpwtemercamen sa & canton irae (6) Upper quail isthe Toes alu fp 25% of tm (©) Modian is wedaly aoe ty ext chierations | Th felloning table ges rodtion yl inh 150 farm wg, Cael he en, st {Faun yn [0° we Poe Peo [ rs [germany | | so | oo |e | Ea te = oe | a % | om | > * {om | i | | MOM ik anaes Diaberon MI ee 2 Fender ed) arr orci = | we w 2 on] as * wo | Ms i : 10 un _| 18 4 2 1 16 Bee RAD Az o85; He =16;N=I80;6=9 eons+ Hes ons soan=cnae, gease i, 1206 fo 1S Se Bry Maes (iy ae yrgBagee 4 aes Dy = 96-9056 Dy =~ 190329 Note, can belated by foul 2 = 9 ver itl) eau — renee