Level 0 Teaching Pack

(Sample Chapter:
Book 4A Chapter 2
Equations of Straight Lines)
 Contents
2 Equations of Straight Lines

I. Junior Sec Revision

Junior Sec Vertical Worksheets (Basic)

II. Lesson Teaching

Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite version) Review
Consolidation Exercise 2 (Review)

Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Lite version) Slope and Inclination

Lesson Worksheet 2.2 (Lite version) Finding Equations of Straight Lines
Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1 Questions)

Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite version) General Form of Equations of Straight Lines
Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1 Questions)

Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite version) Possible Intersection of Two Straight Lines
Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1 Questions)

III. Assessment
Section Test 2A
Section Test 2B
Section Test 2C
Chapter Test 2 (Lite version)
 BASIC 
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

ertical Worksheet (Geometry)

G12 Distance between Two Points

G12-1 Distance Formula
(Ref: 3B Ch.13 Rectangular Coordinate System (II))

Notes Quick Example

G12-1 Distance between Two Points - Distance Formula

For points A(x1 , y1) and B(x2 , y2), For A(−5 , 1) and B(7 , 6),
y y
B(x2 , y2)
B(7 , 6)

A(x1 , y1)

x A(−5 , 1)
O
x
O

the distance between A and B is given by: AB = [7 − (−5)2] + (6 − 1)2 units  Take x1 = −5, y1 = 1,
x2 = 7, y2 = 6.
= 12 2 + 5 2 units
AB = (x2 − x1)2 + (y2 − y1)2
= 169 units
= 13 units

In each of the following, find the distance between A and B. [Nos. 1–2]
(Leave the radical sign ‘√’ in the answers if necessary.)
y
1. AB = [( ) − ( )] + [( ) − ( )]
2 2
units  Take x1 = 1, y1 = 1, B(4 , 5)
x2 = 4, y2 = 5.

A(1 , 1)
x
O

2. AB = y
B(3 , 2)

x
O

A(−3 , −5)

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.1 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G12-1 (basic)
3. The coordinates of X and Y are (−5 , 6) and (2 , −3) respectively. Find the length of the line
segment XY, correct to 3 significant figures.

XY = [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2 units

4. Find the length of the line segment AB, correct to 2 decimal y

5
places. B 4
3
AB = [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2 units  Take x1 = −3, y1 = −2, 2
x2 = −1, y2 = 4. 1
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−1
A −2

5. Find the length of the line segment CD, correct to 3 significant y

6
figures. C
4
2
x
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8
−2
−4
−6
−8
−10 D

6. In the figure, A(−4 , 7), B(−4 , 1) and C(3 , 5) are the three A(−4 , 7) y

vertices of △ABC. Find the perimeter of △ABC, correct to

C(3 , 5)
2 decimal places.
AB = [( ) − ( )] units  AB is a vertical line.
=
B(−4 , 1)
BC = [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2 units O
x

=
=
AC =

∴ Perimeter of △ABC = AB + BC + AC
=

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.2 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G12-1 (basic)
7. In the figure, P(−2 , 1), Q(4 , 7) and R(5 , 0) are the three y Q(4 , 7)
vertices of △PQR. Is △PQR an isosceles triangle? Explain
your answer.

P(−2 , 1)
x
O R(5 , 0)

8. In the figure, L(−1 , 0), M(−2 , −3) and N(a , −3) are the three
y
vertices of △LMN. If MN = LN, find the value of a.
MN = [( ) − ( )] units  MN is a horizontal line. L(−1 , 0)
x
= O

LN = [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2 units

M(−2 , −3) N(a , −3)
=
=
∵ MN = LN

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.3 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G12-1 (basic)
9. A(−1 , −4), B(7 , 0) and C(4 , 4) are the three vertices of △ABC. Arrange the three sides of
△ABC in ascending order of lengths.

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.4 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G12-1 (basic)
 BASIC 
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

ertical Worksheet (Geometry)

G13 Slope of a Straight Line

G13-1 Slope Formula
G13-2 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines (Ref: 3B Ch.13 Rectangular Coordinate System (II))

Notes Quick Example

G13-1 Slope of a Straight Line - Slope Formula

For the straight line passing through For A(−2 , 2) and B(4 , 5),
A(x1 , y1) and B(x2 , y2) (where x1 ≠ x2), y

y B(4 , 5)
A(−2 , 2)
B(x2 , y2)
x x
O O
A(x1 , y1)
5− 2
Slope of AB =  Take x1 = −2, y1 = 2,
4 − (−2) x2 = 4, y2 = 5.
y2 − y1
slope of AB = 3
x2 − x1 =
6

Note: The slope of a horizontal line is 0 while the 1

=
slope of a vertical line is undefined. 2

1. In the figure, the slopes of the lines L1, L2, L3 and L4 are m1, m2, y

m3 and m4 respectively. Arrange the values of m1, m2, m3 and m4 L3

L2
in ascending order. L1
L4
( )<( )<( )<( )
x
O

2. Find the slope of the line AB in each of the following figures.

( )−( ) y
(a) Slope of AB =
( )−( ) B(7 , 9)

A(1 , 5)

x
O

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.1 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-1 (basic)
 (b) Slope of AB = y

A(−2 , 3)

x
O

B(6 , −7)

3. In each of the following, find the slope of the straight line passing through the two given points.
(a) A(12 , 4), O(0 , 0) (b) C(4 , 8), D(−2 , 5)

( )−( )
Slope of OA =
( )−( )

4. In each of the following, find the slope of the straight line with the given x-intercept and
y-intercept.
(a) x-intercept = 5, y-intercept = 2  y

( )−( )
Slope of the straight line =
( )−( ) (0 , 2)

x
O (5 , 0)

(b) x-intercept = −8, y-intercept = 14

( )−( )
Slope of the straight line =
( )−( )

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.2 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-1 (basic)
5. Given that the slope of the line passing through X(a + 2 , 3) and Y(−a , −9) is 2, find the value
of a.
Slope of XY = 2
( )−( )
=2
( )−( )

6. In each of the following, determine whether the three given points lie on the same straight line.
(a) A(2 , 1), B(−4 , 4), C(6 , −1)

( )−( )
Slope of AB =
( )−( )

( )−( )
Slope of AC =
( )−( )

∵ Slope of AB ( = / ≠ ) Slope of AC
∴ The three points A, B and C ( lie / do not lie ) on the same straight line.

(b) X(5 , −5), Y(7 , −11), Z(−7 , −1)

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.3 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-1 (basic)
7. L is a straight line passing through the points A(6 , 5) and B(2 , −5).
(a) Find the slope of L.

(b) Find the x-intercept and y-intercept of L.

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.4 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-1 (basic)
 BASIC 
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

ertical Worksheet (Geometry)

G13 Slope of a Straight Line

G13-1 Slope Formula

G13-2 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

(Ref: 3B Ch.13 Rectangular Coordinate System (II))

Notes Quick Example

G13-2 Slope of a Straight Line – Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

(a) Parallel Lines Refer to the figure. y
slope = m1 ∵ L1 // L2 L1
y (6 , 5)
L1
L2 ∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 L2
(3 , 3)
5−3 x
slope = m2 = O
x 6−3
O 2
=
(i) If L1 // L2, then m1 = m2. 3
(ii) If m1 = m2, then L1 // L2.
(b) Perpendicular Lines Refer to the figure.
y
y
6−2 4
slope = m1 Slope of L2 = = =2 L1
L1 3 −1 2
L2 ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = −1 (3 , 6)
slope = m2
x Slope of L1 × 2 = −1 (1 , 2)
O x
1 O
Slope of L1 = −
(i) If L1 ⊥ L2, then m1 × m2 = −1. 2
(ii) If m1 × m2 = −1, then L1 ⊥ L2.

1. In each of the following, L1 and L2 are two straight lines. Find the slope of L2.
(a) L1 // L2, slope of L1 = 5
∵ L1 // L2
∴ Slope of L2 =

(b) L1 ⊥ L2, slope of L1 = −2

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.1 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-2 (basic)
 2. (a) Determine whether L1 and L2 are (b) Determine whether L1 and L2 are
parallel. perpendicular.
y y
L2 (3 , 10)
L1: slope = −3
(−2 , 5)

x L1
O x
−6 0
(1 , −4)
(−3 , −4) −3
L2
( )−( ) ( )−( )
Slope of L2 = Slope of L1 =
( )−( ) ( )−( )

∵ Slope of L1 ( = / ≠ ) slope of L2
∴

3. Consider four points A(2 , 3), B(−5 , −4), C(7 , 2) and D(−1 , −6).
(a) Find the slopes of AB and CD.
( )−( )
Slope of AB =
( )−( )
=
( )−( )
Slope of CD =
( )−( )
=
(b) What is the relationship between AB and CD?

4. Consider four points P(9 , 3), Q(−8 , −2), R(3 , −5) and S(−2 , 12).
(a) Find the slopes of PQ and RS.
Slope of PQ =
=
Slope of RS =
=
(b) What is the relationship between PQ and RS?

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.2 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-2 (basic)
5. It is given that the coordinates of A and B are (−5 , 2) and y

(3 , 4) respectively. If L is a straight line parallel to AB, find

B(3 , 4)
the slope of L.
( )−( )
Slope of L = A(−5 , 2)
( )−( ) x
O

6. It is given that the coordinates of C and D are (3 , 5) and (−2 , −4) respectively. If L is a
straight line perpendicular to CD, find the slope of L.
( )−( )
Slope of CD =
( )−( )

∵ L ⊥ CD
∴

7. In the figure, L is parallel to the line passing through A(1 , 5) y

and B(7 , 9). C(3 , 1) is a point on L. B(7 , 9)

(a) Find the slope of AB.
( )−( ) A(1 , 5) L
Slope of AB =
( )−( )
C(3 , 1)
O x

(b) If L cuts the x-axis at P, find the coordinates of P.

Let ( , ) be the coordinates of P.
∵ L ⊥ AB

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.3 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-2 (basic)
8. In the figure, L1 and L2 are perpendicular to each other. L1 y

passes through X(−3 , 6) and Y(2 , 9) while L2 passes through

Y(2 , 9)
Z(3 , 5). X(−3 , 6)
(a) Find the slope of L2. L1 Z(3 , 5)
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = x
O

(b) Does the point (7 , −2) lie on L2? Explain your answer.
Slope of the line passing through (7 , −2) and Z
=

( = / ≠ ) Slope of L2
∴

© Oxford University Press 2022 P.4 Vertical Worksheet (Geometry) – G13-2 (basic)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)

(Refer to Book 4A P.2.2)

Review

y
Distance Formula B(x2 , y2)

AB = A(x1 , y1)

x
O

In each of the following, find AB. [Nos. 1–4]

1. y 2. y
A(−4 , 5)
B(5 , 5)

A(1 , 2) x
O
x
O B(2 , −3)

AB = [( )−( )]2 + [( )−( )]2 AB =

=

3. A(0 , 2), B(4 , 5) 4. A(3 , 1), B(8 , 13)

In each of the following, find AB. [Nos. 5–6]

(Leave the radical sign ‘√’ in the answers.)
5. A(2 , –1), B(3 , 3) 6. A(1 , –5), B(–4 , –7)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Slope of a Straight Line y

C
(a) Slope of AB = (where x1 ≠ x2) B(x2 , y2)

(b) For three collinear points A, B and C A(x1 , y1)

(i.e. A, B and C lie on the same straight line), x
slope of AB = slope of BC = slope of AC. O

In each of the following, find the slope of PQ. [Nos. 7–12]

7. y 8. y

Q(4 , 3)
Q(5 , 3)
P(2 , 1)
x x
O P(0 , 0) O

( )−( )
Slope of PQ = Slope of PQ =
( )−( )

9. y 10. y
Q(2 , 3)
P(−3 , 2) Q(5 , 2)

x x
O O
P(6 , −2)

11. P(−1 , 3), Q(5 , 7) 12. P(−3 , −2), Q(7 , −6)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

13. Consider A(2 , 0) and B(4 , r). If the slope of AB is 3, find r.

In each of the following, determine whether A, B and C are collinear. Explain your answer. [Nos. 14–15]
14. A(2 , 2), B(3 , 5), C(4 , 8)

Slope of AB =

Slope of BC =

∵ Slope of AB ( = / ≠ ) slope of BC
∴ A, B and C ( are / are not ) collinear.

15. A(−4 , 2), B(3 , 5), C(4 , 8)

16. If P(−3 , 1), Q(0 , 3) and R(6 , r) are collinear, find r.

∵ P, Q and R are collinear.

∴ Slope of PQ ( = / ≠ ) slope of QR

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Parallel Lines y
1: slope = m1
(i) If // , then m1 = m2.
2: slope = m2
(ii) If m1 = m2, then // .
x
O

In each of the following, determine whether L1 is parallel to L2. [Nos. 17–18]

17. y 18. y
L1: slope = 1 L2
L2
(−2 , 4) (3 , 1)
(4 , 2) L1
x x
O (−3 , 0) O
(0 , −2) (1 , −2)

Slope of L1 = ( ) Slope of L1 =

( )−( )
Slope of L2 =
( )−( )

=
∵ Slope of L1 ( = / ≠ ) slope of L2
∴

19. L1 and L2 are straight lines. The slope of L2 is –5. If L1 // L2, find the slope of L1.

∵ L1 // L2
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2
=

20. In the figure, L1 // L2. y

L2 L1
(a) Find the slope of L1.
(4 , 6)

x
O

(−1 , −4)
(b) Find the slope of L2.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

y
Perpendicular Lines
1: slope = m1 2: slope = m2
(i) If ⊥ , then m1 × m2 = –1.
(ii) If m1 × m2 = –1, then ⊥ .
x
O

In each of the following, determine whether L1 is perpendicular to L2. [Nos. 21–22]

21. y 22. y
L2 L1
L1: slope = −2
L2 (6 , 4)
(1 , 3) (7 , 1)
(−5 , 0)
x x
O O (1 , −1)
(9 , −2)

Slope of L1 = Slope of L1 =

Slope of L2 =

∵ Slope of L1 × slope of L2

23. The slope of a straight line L1 is –2. If a straight line L2 is perpendicular to L1, find the slope of L2.

∵ L 1 ⊥ L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1

24. In the figure, L1 is perpendicular to L2. y L1

(a) Find the slope of L1. (4 , 7)

x
O
L2
(b) Find the slope of L2. (2 , −1)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Mid-point Formula y
B(x2 , y2)
x= ,y=
M(x , y)
A(x1 , y1)
x
O

In each of the following, find the coordinates of M. [Nos. 25–26]

25. y 26. y
B(4 , 3)
A(0 , 4)

M x
O M

x A(−2 , −5)
O B(6 , 0)

Coordinates of M Coordinates of M
( )+( ) ( )+( )  
=  ,  = , 
 ( ) ( )   

In each of the following, find the coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment AB. [Nos. 27–30]
27. A(−10 , 0), B(0 , 8) 28. A(13 , 6), B(3 , 4)

29. A(7 , –2), B(–3 , 10) 30. A(–2 , –5), B(4 , 3)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)
 Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

 Formula for the Internal Point of Division y

x= ,y= B(x2 , y2)

P(x , y)
A(x1 , y1)
x
O

In each of the following, find the coordinates of P. [Nos. 31–32]

 31. y A(1 , 9)  32. y

B(6 , 5)
P P
A(−6 , 1)
x
O
x
O B(4 , 0)
Coordinates of P Coordinates of P
 ( )( ) + ( )( ) ( )( ) + ( )( )   
=  ,  = , 
 ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( )   

In each of the following, find the coordinates of the point P that divides the line segment AB internally in the
given ratio. [Nos. 33–34]
 33. A(−8 , 0), B(2 , –5), AP : PB = 1 : 4 Sketch:
A(–8 , 0)
P
B(2 , –5)
1 :
4

 34. A(2 , –3), B(6 , 5), AP : PB = 1 : 3

Sketch:
B(6 , 5)

A(2 , –3)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.7 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.0 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Consolidation Exercise 2 (Review)

1. In each of the following, find the distance between the points A and B.
(a) A(0 , 0), B(8 , 6) (b) A(0 , 5), B(−12 , 0)

(c) A(–1 , 2), B(3 , –1) (d) A(–10 , –5), B(14 , 2)

2. In each of the following, find the slope of the straight line passing through the points P and Q.
(a) y (b) y
Q(−9 , 3) P(3 , 3)

P(0 , 0) x
x O
O Q(−2 , −2)

(c) y (d) y
x
O P(−9 , 5) Q(3 , 5)
P(6 , −4)

Q(−2 , −8)
x
O

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2 (Review)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

3. In each of the following, determine whether the three points are collinear. Explain your answers.
(a) P(6 , 4), Q(−2 , −3), R(4 , 1)

(b) P(–6 , 8), Q(–2 , 11), R(2 , 14)

4. If A(–8 , 1), B(4 , 10) and C(a , 13) are collinear, find the value of a.

5. In each of the following, determine whether L1 and L2 are parallel.

(a) y (b) y
(−1 , 6) L1
(5 , 2)

(0 , 4) (7 , 0) L2
x
(4 , 2) O
x
O (5 , 0) (−3 , −3)
(4 , −2)
L1 L2

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2 (Review)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

6. In each of the following, determine whether L1 and L2 are perpendicular.

(a) y (b) L2 y
x (−6 , 10)
O

(7 , −2)
(−4 , 6)

(−3 , −8) (0 , 3)
x
O
L1 (−8 , −1)
L2: slope = L1

7. It is given that the coordinates of P and Q are (1 , 6) and (–5 , 3) respectively.

(a) If L1 is a straight line parallel to PQ, find the slope of L1.

(b) If L2 is a straight line perpendicular to PQ, find the slope of L2.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2 (Review)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

8. L1 is a straight line with slope 3. L2 is a straight line passing through A(k , –9) and B(–2 , 3). Find the
value of k in each of the following cases.
(a) L1 // L2

(b) L1 ⊥ L2

9. In each of the following, find the coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment AB.
(a) A(2 , 11), B(8 , 11) (b) A(3 , 9), B(–7 , 5)

(c) A(–5 , –2), B(–3 , –6) (d) A(9 , –16), B(13 , –8)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2 (Review)

Worksheet format
 Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

10. In each of the following, find the coordinates of the point P which divides the line segment AB
internally in the given ratio.
(a) A(1 , 0), B(−2 , 6), AP : PB = 2 : 1

(b) A(−9 , 6), B(1 , −9), AP : PB = 1 : 4

(c) A(8 , 7), B(−7 , −3), AP : PB = 2 : 3

11. Q is a point lying on the line segment joining A(−6 , −1) and B(6 , 5). If AB = 6QB, find the coordinates
of Q.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2 (Review)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Lite)

(Refer to Book 4A P.2.6)

Slope and Inclination

Inclination y
For a straight line L with inclination θ (where θ ≠ 90°): L

slope of L = tan θ θ is the angle measured anticlockwise  θ x

from the positive x-axis to L. O

Example 1 Level 1
Find the slope of L. y
L

45°
x
O

Solution
Slope of L = tan 45° Calculator:
=1 tan 45 EXE

Instant Drill 1.1 Instant Drill 1.2

Find the slope of L, correct to 3 significant figures. Find the slope of L, correct to 3 significant figures.
y y
L L

65°
x 80°
O
x
O

Solution Solution
Slope of L = tan ( ) Slope of L =
=

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 1(a), (b)|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Example 2 Level 1
Find the inclination θ of L, correct to 3 significant figures. y L
slope = 2
θ
x
O

Solution

tan θ = 2 Calculator:
θ = 63.4°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. tan 2 EXE

Instant Drill 2.1

Find the inclination θ of L, correct to 3 significant figures. y
L
slope = 3

θ
x
O

Solution

tan θ = ( )
θ=

Instant Drill 2.2

Find the inclination θ of L, correct to 3 significant figures. y
L
slope = 0.5
θ x
O

Solution

tan θ =

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 1(c), (d)|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Example 3 Level 1
In the figure, L passes through P(7 , 5) and Q(1 , –3). y
L
(a) Find the slope of L.
P(7 , 5)
(b) Find the inclination of L, correct to the nearest degree.
x
O
Solution
Q(1 , −3)
5 − (−3)
(a) Slope of L =
7 −1
8
=
6
4
= 3

(b) Let θ be the inclination of L.

tan θ = slope of L
4
=
3
θ = 53°, cor. to the nearest degree
∴ The inclination of L is 53°.

Instant Drill 3.1

In the figure, L passes through A(–5 , 1) and B(–1 , 7). y
B(−1 , 7)
(a) Find the slope of L.
(b) Find the inclination of L, correct to the nearest degree.
A(−5 , 1)
Solution x
L O
( )−( )
(a) Slope of L =
( )−( )

(b) Let θ be the inclination of L.

tan θ = ( )
θ=

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 3.2
In the figure, L passes through P(–2 , –3) and Q(6 , 4). y Q(6 , 4)
(a) Find the slope of L.
(b) Find the inclination of L, correct to the nearest degree.
x
O
P(−2 , −3)
Solution
L
(a) Slope of L =

(b) Let θ be the inclination of L.

Instant Drill 3.3

A straight line L passes through A(1 , 4) and B(3 , 9).
(a) Find the slope of L.
(b) Find the inclination of L, correct to the nearest degree.

Solution

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 2, 3|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Example 4 Level 1
In the figure, L1 ⊥ L2. y

(a) Find the inclination of L2.

L1
(b) Find the slope of L2, correct to 3 significant figures.
160°
x
Solution O
L2
(a) With the notations in the figure,
y

L1
160°
θ x
O
L2
θ + 90° = 160°  ext. ∠ of △
b
θ = 70° a a+b

∴ The inclination of L2 is 70°. ext. ∠ of △

(b) Slope of L2 = tan θ

= tan 70°
= 2.75, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

Instant Drill 4.1

In the figure, L1 ⊥ L2. y
L1
(a) Find the inclination of L2. L2
(b) Find the slope of L2, correct to 3 significant figures.
125°
x
Solution O
(a) With the notations in the figure,
y
L1
L2

125° Mark the inclination θ of L2 in the figure.

x
O

θ+( )=( )

(b) Slope of L2 = tan ( )

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 4.2
Refer to the figure. y
L1
(a) Find the inclination of L2. L2
(b) Find the slope of L2.

Solution
35°
(a) Mark the inclination θ of L2 in the figure on the right.
80°
x
O

(b) Slope of L2 =

Instant Drill 4.3

Refer to the figure. y
L2
(a) Find the inclination of L2. L1
(b) Find the slope of L2, correct to 3 significant figures. x
54° O

Solution 130°

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 4, 5|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
 Challenging Question 
Refer to the figure. y
L1 L2
(a) Find the inclination of L2.
(b) Find the slope of L2, correct to 3 significant figures. x
92° O

Solution
48°

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.7 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.8 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.1 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Lesson Worksheet 2.2 (Lite)

(Refer to Book 4A P.2.10)

Finding Equations of Straight Lines

Point-slope Form y
The equation of the straight line L with slope m and passing L
(x1 , y1) slope = m
through (x1 , y1) is given by:
O
y – y1 = m(x – x1) x

Example 1 Level 1
Refer to the figure. Find the equation of L. y
L

slope = 2

(0 , 1)
x
O
Solution
The equation of L is
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 1 = 2(x – 0)
1 2 0
y – 1 = 2x
2x – y + 1 = 0  Usually the equation contains ‘x’ and ‘y’.
Express the equation in the form Ax + By + C = 0.

Instant Drill 1.1

Refer to figure. Find the equation of L. y
L

slope = 3

(1 , 2)
x
O
Solution
The equation of L is
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y–( )=( )(x – )
( )( ) ( )
=

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 1.2
Find the equation of the straight line L passing through (5 , 2) and with slope −4.

Solution
The equation of L is
y–( )=

Instant Drill 1.3

1
Find the equation of the straight line L passing through (−3 , 1) and with slope .
3

Solution

Instant Drill 1.4

1
Find the equation of the straight line L passing through (3 , −2) and with slope − .
2

Solution

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 6, 10|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Example 2 Level 1
In the figure, the x-intercept of L is 3 and the slope of L is 1 . y
2
Find the equation of L. L
slope =
x
0 3
Solution
The equation of L is
y – 0 = 1 (x – 3) x-intercept of L is 3
2
1 L passes through (3 , 0)
y = (x – 3)
2
2y = x – 3
x – 2y – 3 = 0

Instant Drill 2.1

In the figure, the y-intercept of L is 4 and the slope of L is –2. y
L
Find the equation of L.

4
slope = –2
Solution x
0
The equation of L is
y–( )=( )(x – ) y-intercept of L is 4

= L passes through ( , )

Instant Drill 2.2 Instant Drill 2.3

Find the equation of the straight line L with Find the equation of the straight line L with
x-intercept –4 and slope 2. y-intercept 2 and slope − 1 .
4

Solution Solution
The equation of L is
y–( )=

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 11|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Slope-intercept Form y
The equation of the straight line L with slope m and y-intercept c L
is given by: c slope = m
y = mx + c x
O

Example 3 Level 1
In the figure, the slope of L is − 1 and the y-intercept of L is 7. y
4
L
Find the equation of L. 7

slope =
Solution
x
The equation of L is y = mx + c 0
y= −1x+7
4 7
4y = –x + 28
x + 4y – 28 = 0  Express the answer in the form Ax + By + C = 0.

Instant Drill 3.1

In the figure, the slope of L is 2 and the y-intercept of L is 5. y
L
Find the equation of L.
5
Solution slope = 2
The equation of L is y = mx + c x
0
y=( )x + ( )
( ) ( )

Instant Drill 3.2 Instant Drill 3.3

Find the equation of the straight line with Find the equation of the straight line with
slope 3 and y-intercept −7. slope –4 and y-intercept 8.

Solution Solution

The equation of L is
y=

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 3.4
1
Find the equation of the straight line with slope and y-intercept 2.
5

Solution

Instant Drill 3.5

4
Find the equation of the straight line with slope − and y-intercept –1.
3

Solution

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 7, 11|

Example 4 Level 1
In each of the following, find the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line from its equation.
(a) 2x + y = 6
(b) x – 2y + 4 = 0

Solution
(a) 2x + y = 6
y = –2x + 6 ○
1 Express the equation in the form y = mx + c.

∴ The slope is –2 and the y-intercept is 6.  ○

2 Identify the slope and the y-intercept:
y = mx + c

slope y-intercept

y = –2x + 6

(b) x – 2y + 4 = 0
x + 4 = 2y
1
y= x+2
2
1
∴ The slope is and the y-intercept is 2.
2

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 4.1
Find the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line y = 5x + 1.

Solution
Slope = ( )
y-intercept = ( )

Instant Drill 4.2

Find the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line y + 5 = 3x.

Solution
y + 5 = 3x
y=

Instant Drill 4.3

Find the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line x + 2y + 2 = 0.

Solution

Instant Drill 4.4

Find the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line x – 5y = 0.

Solution

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 14–17|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Two-point Form
The equation of the straight line L passing through y
(x2 , y2) L
(x1 , y1) and (x2 , y2) is given by: (x1 , y1)

y – y1 = (x – x1), where x1 ≠ x2 x
O

Example 5 Level 1
In the figure, L passes through (0 , 2) and (4 , 1). Find the equation of L. y

L (0 , 2)
(4 , 1)
Solution
x
The equation of L is O
1− 2
y–2= (x – 0) We may also write:
4−0 2 −1
1 y–1= (x – 4)
y–2= − x 0−4
4
4y – 8 = –x
x + 4y – 8 = 0  Express the equation in the form Ax + By + C = 0.

Alternative:
1− 2 1
Slope of L = = −  Find the slope of L first.
4−0 4
The equation of L is
1
y – 2 = − (x – 0)  Point-slope form We may also write:
4
1
1 y – 1 = − (x – 4)
y–2= − x 4
4
4y – 8 = –x
x + 4y – 8 = 0

Instant Drill 5.1

In the figure, L passes through (1 , –1) and (3 , 5). Find the equation of L. y L

(3 , 5)
Solution

x
O (1 , –1)

The equation of L is
 
y–( )=   [x – ( )]
 

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.7 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 5.2
Find the equation of the straight line passing through A(2 , 3) and B(0 , 4).

Solution

The equation of L is

Instant Drill 5.3

Find the equation of the straight line passing through A(–3 , −1) and with x-intercept 2.

Solution
x-intercept is 2

Passes through ( , )

Instant Drill 5.4

Find the equation of the straight line with x-intercept –3 and y-intercept 2.

Solution
x-intercept is –3

Passes through ( , )

y-intercept is 2

Passes through ( , )

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 8, 12|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.8 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Horizontal Lines Vertical Lines

y y

k L1 L2

x x
O O h
The equation of the horizontal line L1 is: The equation of the vertical line L2 is:
y=k x=h

Example 6 Level 1
In each of the following, find the equation of L.
(a) y (b) y L
L
2
x x
0 0 1

Solution Solution
(a) The equation of L is A line perpendicular to the (b) The equation of L is A line perpendicular to the
y=2 y-axis is a horizontal line. x=1 x-axis is a vertical line.

Instant Drill 6.1 Instant Drill 6.2

Refer to the figure. Find the y Refer to the figure. Find the y L
equation of L. O equation of L. P(3 , 2)
x
L O
P(5 , –1) x
Solution Solution
The equation of L is The y-coordinate of any The equation of L is The x-coordinate of any
point on L is ( ). point on L is ( ).

Instant Drill 6.3 Instant Drill 6.4

Find the equation of the straight line L which Find the equation of the straight line L which
passes through (1 , 3) and is parallel to the y-axis. passes through (–5 , –8) and is parallel to the x-axis.

Solution Solution
L is a ( horizontal / vertical ) line. L is a ( horizontal / vertical ) line.

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 9, 13|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.9 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Miscellaneous Questions about Finding Equations of Straight Lines

Example 7 Level 1
In the figure, L1 passes through (–5 , 1). L2 is perpendicular to L1 and y
L2: slope = –1
the slope of L2 is –1. Find the equation of L1. L1

Solution (–5 , 1)
x
∵ L 1 ⊥ L2 O
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
Slope of L1 × (–1) = –1
Slope of L1 = 1
The equation of L1 is
y – 1 = 1[x – (–5)]
y–1=x+5
x–y+6=0

Instant Drill 7.1

In the figure, L1 passes through (2 , 3). L2 is parallel to L1 and y
L1
the slope of L2 is –2. Find the equation of L1.
(2 , 3)
Solution
Slope of L1 = ∵ L1 // L2 x
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 O
The equation of L1 is
L2: slope = –2

Instant Drill 7.2

Refer to the figure. Find the equation of L1. y
L1 (–4 , 3)

Solution
Slope of L2 = ( )= Find the slope of L2 first. 45° x
Slope of L1 × ( )=( ) O
L2

The equation of L1 is

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 19, 20|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.10 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Example 8 Level 2
In the figure, the slope of L is 2 and the y-intercept of L is –2.
y
L

slope = 2
x
O
−2

(a) Find the equation of L.

(b) If A(a , 0) lies on L, find a.
(c) Does B(3 , 6) lie on L? Explain your answer.

Solution
(a) The equation of L is
y = 2x – 2  y = mx + c

2x – y – 2 = 0

(b) Substitute (a , 0) into 2x – y – 2 = 0. If a point lies on a line, then the coordinates of

the point satisfy the equation of the line.
2a – 0 – 2 = 0
2a = 2
a=1

(c) Substitute (3 , 6) into 2x – y – 2 = 0. If the coordinates of a point satisfy the equation

of the line, then the point lies on the line.
L.H.S. = 2(3) – 6 – 2 Otherwise, the point does not lie on the line.
= –2
≠ R.H.S.
The coordinates of B do not satisfy the equation of L.
∴ B does not lie on L.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.11 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 8.1
The slope of a straight line L is –3 and the y-intercept of L is 6.
(a) Find the equation of L.
(b) If A(1 , a) lies on L, find a.
(c) Does B(3 , 2) lie on L? Explain your answer.

Solution
(a) The equation of L is

(b) Substitute (1 , a) into ( ).

(c) Substitute (3 , 2) into ( ).

L.H.S. =

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.12 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Instant Drill 8.2
1
The slope of a straight line L is and L passes through (–2 , 1).
3
(a) Find the equation of L.
(b) If A(a , 2) lies on L, find a.
(c) Does B(–5 , 0) lie on L? Explain your answer.

Solution
(a) The equation of L is

(b) Substitute ( ) into ( ).

(c) Substitute ( ) into ( ).

 Exercise 2A (P.2.21) 21–23|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.13 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
 Challenging Question 
L1 is a straight line passing through P(2 , –3) and with slope –2.
(a) Find the equation of L1.
(b) L2 is another straight line passing through P and is perpendicular to L1.
(i) Find the equation of L2.
(ii) Find the y-intercept of L2.

Solution

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.14 4A02 Lesson Worksheets 2.2 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

1. Complete the following table.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

Straight line Inclination Slope

(a) L1 36°

(b) L2 85°

(c) L3 3

(d) L4 0.8

In each of the following, find the slope and the inclination of the straight line passing through the two given
points. [Nos. 2–3]
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
2. A(–1 , 1), B(4 , 3)

3. A(–1 , 3), B(–2 , –2)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

4. Refer to the figure. y

(a) Find the inclination of L1.
x
30° O

70°

L1 L2

(b) Find the slope of L1, correct to 1 decimal place.

5. In the figure, the straight lines L1 and L2 are perpendicular to y

L1
each other. 135°
x
(a) Find the inclination of L1. O

L2

(b) Find the slope of L1.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

In each of the following, find the equation of the straight line L. [Nos. 6–9]
6. (a) y
P(4 , 3)

slope = 2

x
O L

(b) y

P(−1 , 2)

slope = −3

x
O
L

(c) y

P(−2 , 2)
1
slope = − 2
x
O L

7. (a) y L
x
0

slope = 3

−7

(b) y

slope = –2

x
0
L

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

(c) y
L
x
0
1
slope = −
4
–1

8. (a) y
L

(5 , 4)

(1 , 2)
x
O

(b) y
L
(−2 , 1) O x

(4 , −3)

(c) y
L
x
0 7

–5

9. (a) y
L
(–2 , 5)

x
O

(–2 , –4)

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

(b) y

L
(–6 , 6) (3 , 6)

x
O

(c) y L

x
0 4

In each of the following, find the equation of the straight line L satisfying the given conditions.
[Nos. 10–13]
10. (a) L passes through (3 , 1) and the slope of L is 1.

(b) L passes through (–1 , 5) and the slope of L is –2.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
5
11. (a) Slope of L = − , y-intercept of L = 3
2

1
(b) Slope of L = 4, x-intercept of L = −
2

12. (a) L passes through A(5 , 7) and B(–4 , –5).

(b) x-intercept of L = 6, y-intercept of L = 9

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

13. (a) L passes through A(–8 , –1) and is perpendicular to the y-axis.

(b) L passes through B(5 , –4) and is parallel to the y-axis.

In each of the following, find the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line from its equation.
[Nos. 14–17]
14. y = 2x + 1 15. x + 4y = 2

16. x – 4y – 28 = 0 17. 8x + 5y – 40 = 0

18. In each of the following, find the equation of the straight line L.
(Leave the radical sign ‘√’ in the answers if neccessary.)
(a) y L
30°
x
0

−2

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.7 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

(b) y

120°
x
0
−5
L

(c) y
45°

(–4 , 4)

x
L O

19. In each of the following, find the equation of the straight line L1.
(a) y

(6 , 0)
x
O
L1
L2: slope = –1

(b) y 1
L2: slope =
3
x
O
L1
(2 , −4)

(c) y

4
5
x
O

L2: slope = −2 L1

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.8 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

20. In each of the following, find the equation of the straight line L1.
(a) L1 y L2: slope = 2

(−1 , 2)

x
O

(b) y

x
0
−3 1
L2: slope = −
4

L1

(c) y

(1 , 8) 2
L2: slope =
5

x
O
L1

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.9 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2A (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)

(Refer to Book 4A P.2.27)

General Form of Equations of Straight Lines

Finding the Slope, x-intercept and y-intercept of a Straight Line

For the straight line Ax + By + C = 0,
A
(i) slope = − (B ≠ 0),
B

C
(ii) x-intercept = − (A ≠ 0),
A

C
(iii) y-intercept = − (B ≠ 0).
B

Example 1 Level 1
Find the slope, the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the straight line 3x + 2y + 6 = 0.

Solution
3 3x + 2y + 6 = 0
Slope = − 2

6 A B C
x-intercept = − = –2
3
6
y-intercept = − = –3
2

In each of the following, find the slope, the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the straight line.
[Instant Drills 1.1–1.4]

Instant Drill 1.1

2x + 3y + 7 = 0

Solution
( ) For 2x + 3y + 7 = 0,
Slope = −
( ) A=( ), B = ( ), C = ( )

( )
x-intercept = −
( )

( )
y-intercept = −
( )

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 1.2

4x – 5y – 10 = 0

Solution

Slope =

x-intercept =

y-intercept =

Instant Drill 1.3

–x + 4y – 8 = 0

Solution

Instant Drill 1.4

5x – y = 0

Solution

 Exercise 2B (P.2.35) 1–4|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Example 2 Level 1
The slope of the straight line L: 6x + ky – 1 = 0 is 3, where k is a constant.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the y-intercept of L.

Solution
(a) Slope of L = 3 A = 6, B = k, C = –1
A
6 Slope = −
− =3 B
k
k = –2

−1 C
(b) y-intercept = − y-intercept = −
B
k
1
=
−2
1
= −
2

Instant Drill 2.1

The slope of the straight line L: 2x + ky – 3 = 0 is –1, where k is a constant.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the y-intercept of L.

Solution
(a) Slope = –1 For 2x + ky − 3 = 0,
( ) A=( ), B = ( ), C = ( )
= –1
( )

( )
(b) y-intercept = −
( )

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 2.2

The x-intercept of the straight line L: kx + 4y – 9 = 0 is 3, where k is a constant.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the slope of L.

Solution
(a) x-intercept =

(b) Slope =

Instant Drill 2.3

The y-intercept of the straight line L: 3x – y + k = 0 is –2, where k is a constant.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the x-intercept of L.

Solution

 Exercise 2B (P.2.35) 5, 6|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Example 3 Level 1
Is the straight line L1: 2x – y + 1 = 0 perpendicular to the straight line L2: 4x + 2y – 3 = 0? Explain your
answer.

Solution
2
Slope of L1 = − =2 If slope of L1 × slope of L2 = −1, then L1 ⊥ L2.
−1
Otherwise, L1 is not perpendicular to L2.
4
Slope of L2 = − = –2
2
∵ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = 2 × (–2)
= –4
≠ –1
∴ L1 is not perpendicular to L2.

Instant Drill 3.1

Is the straight line L1: 4x – 3y + 2 = 0 perpendicular to the straight line L2: 3x + 4y – 5 = 0? Explain your
answer.

Solution
( )
Slope of L1 = −
( )
( )
Slope of L2 = −
( )

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 3.2

Is the straight line L1: 3x – 2y + 1 = 0 perpendicular to the straight line L2: 2x + 4y – 3 = 0? Explain your
answer.

Solution

Slope of L1 =

Slope of L2 =

Instant Drill 3.3

Is the straight line L1: x – 2y – 5 = 0 parallel to the straight line L2: 3x – 6y + 1 = 0? Explain your answer.

Solution

If slope of L1 = slope of L2, then L1 // L2.

Otherwise, L1 is not parallel to L2.

 Exercise 2B (P.2.35) 13, 14|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
 Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

 Example 4 Level 1

The straight lines L1: kx – 2y + 3 = 0 and L2: x + 2y + 5 = 0 are perpendicular to each other.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the x-intercept of L1.

Solution
k k
(a) Slope of L1 = − =
−2 2
1
Slope of L2 = −
2
∵ L 1 ⊥ L2 L1 ⊥ L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = −1
k  1
×  −  = –1
2  2
k=4

3
(b) x-intercept of L1 = −
k
3
= −
4

Instant Drill 4.1

The straight lines L1: kx – 3y + 5 = 0 and L2: 3x + y – 4 = 0 are perpendicular to each other.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the x-intercept of L1.

Solution
( )
(a) Slope of L1 = −
( )
( )
Slope of L2 = −
( )
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = ( )

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.7 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 4.2

The straight lines L1: 2x + ky + 9 = 0 and L2: x + 3y – 4 = 0 are parallel to each other.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the y-intercept of L1.

Solution

(a) Slope of L1 = L1 // L2

Slope of L1 = slope of L2
Slope of L2 =

∵ L1 // L2
∴

Instant Drill 4.3

The straight lines L1: 4x – 3y + 12 = 0 and L2: 3x + ky – 16 = 0 have the same y-intercept.
(a) Find k.
(b) Find the slope of L2.

Solution

Find the y-intercepts of L1 and L2 first.

 Exercise 2B (P.2.35) 9, 10|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.8 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
 Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

 Example 5 Level 1

The straight line L1 is perpendicular to the straight line L2: 2x – y + 3 = 0. If the y-intercept of L1 is 1, find the
equation of L1.

Solution
2
Slope of L2 = − =2
−1
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
Slope of L1 × 2 = –1
1
Slope of L1 = −
2
The equation of L1 is Equation of the line with slope m and y-intercept c is:
1 y = mx + c
y= − x+1
2
2y = –x + 2
x + 2y – 2 = 0

Instant Drill 5.1

The straight line L1 is perpendicular to the straight line L2: x – 4y + 3 = 0. If the y-intercept of L1 is 5, find the
equation of L1.

Solution
( )
Slope of L2 = −
( )
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = ( )

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.9 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 5.2

The straight line L1 is parallel to the straight line L2: x + 3y + 2 = 0. If the y-intercept of L1 is –3, find the
equation of L1.

Solution

Slope of L2 =

∵ L1 // L2
∴

Instant Drill 5.3

The straight line L1 passes through (2 , –4) and is parallel to the straight line L2: 3x + 5y + 1 = 0. Find the
equation of L1.

Solution

Equation of the line with slope m and

passing through (x1 , y1) is:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)

 Exercise 2B (P.2.35) 15–18|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.10 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

 Challenging Question 
The straight line L1: 2x – y + 4 = 0 cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at A and B respectively. The straight line L2
is perpendicular to L1. L2 intersects L1 at B and cuts the x-axis at C.
(a) Find the coordinates of A and B.
(b) (i) Find the equation of L2.
(ii) Find the coordinates of C.
(c) Find the area of △ABC.

Solution

Find the coordinates of A and B first.

Then sketch L1 and L2.
y

x
O

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.11 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.12 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1)

Find the slope, the x-intercept and the y-intercept of each of the following straight lines. [Nos. 1–4]
1. 3x + 4y + 2 = 0

2. 5x – 3y + 1 = 0

3. y – 7 = 6(x + 1)

4
4. y–2= (x + 10)
5

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

5. The slope of the straight line L: 2x + ky + 6 = 0 is 1.

(a) Find the value of k.

(b) Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of L.

6. The x-intercept of the straight line L: 7x + 2y – k = 0 is –4.

(a) Find the value of k.

(b) Find the slope and the y-intercept of L.

7. The straight lines L1: 5x + 8y – 16 = 0 and L2: 6x – ky – 12 = 0 have the same y-intercept. Find the value
of k.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

8. The straight lines L1: kx – 9y – 18 = 0 and L2: x + ky – 2 = 0 intersect at a point lying on the x-axis. Find
the value of k.

9. The straight lines L1: kx + 6y – 10 = 0 and L2: 4x + 12y – 9 = 0 are parallel to each other.
(a) Find the value of k.

(b) Find the x-intercept of L1.

10. The straight line L1: 8x – ky + 7 = 0 is perpendicular to the straight line L2: 5x + 10y – 4k = 0.
(a) Find the value of k.

(b) Find the y-intercept of L2.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

11. The equation of the straight line L is 8x + 6y – 9 = 0.

(a) Find the y-intercept of L.

7
(b) The slope of the straight line L1 is − . If the y-intercepts of L1 and L are the same, find the
2
equation of L1.

12. The equation of the straight line L1 is 8x – 5y – 7 = 0. The x-intercept of the straight line L2 is 3. If L1
intersects L2 at a point lying on the y-axis, find the equation of L2.

13. In each of the following, is the straight line L1 parallel to the straight line L2? Explain your answers.
(a) L1: 8x – 2y – 3 = 0, L2: 4x – y + 7 = 0

(b) L1: 5x – 4y + 2 = 0, L2: 10x + 8y – 11 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

14. In each of the following, is the straight line L1 perpendicular to the straight line L2? Explain your
answers.
(a) L1: 9x + 2y – 6 = 0, L2: 2x + 9y – 1 = 0

(b) L1: 3x – 8y + 5 = 0, L2: 24x + 9y – 4 = 0

In each of the following, find the equation of the straight line L2. [Nos. 15–17]
15. y

L1: 4x – 3y + 12 = 0
L2

x
0
–1

16. y

x
0

–3
L2

L1: 6x – 2y + 1 = 0

17. y L1: 9x + 4y – 33 = 0
x
O
(2 , –3)

L2

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

18. The equation of the straight line L is x + 3y – 9 = 0.

(a) L1 is a straight line passing through (–6 , –5). If the x-intercepts of L1 and L are the same, find the
equation of L1.

(b) L2 is a straight line passing through (7 , –6). If the y-intercepts of L2 and L are the same, find the
equation of L2.

19. The equation of the straight line L is 3x – y + 4 = 0.

(a) Find the equation of the straight line L1 passing through (–5 , –3) and parallel to L.

(b) Find the equation of the straight line L2 passing through (5 , –2) and perpendicular to L.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2B (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)

(Refer to Book 4A P.2.39)

Possible Intersection of Two Straight Lines

Number of Points of Intersection of Two Straight Lines
For two non-vertical lines L1: y = m1x + c1 and L2: y = m2x + c2, we have the following three cases.
Case 2: Case 3:
Case 1:
Same slope and Same slope and
Different slopes
different y-intercepts same y-intercept
m1 ≠ m2 m1 = m2 and c1 ≠ c2 m1 = m2 and c1 = c2

infinitely many
1 point of intersection 0 points of intersection
points of intersection

Example 1 Level 1
In each of the following, find the number of points of intersection of the straight lines L1 and L2.
(a) L1: y = x + 2, L2: y = 2x + 4
(b) L1: y = −3x + 7, L2: 3x + y + 5 = 0
(c) L1: y = 2x + 1, L2: 4x – 2y + 2 = 0

Solution
(a) Slope of L1 = 1
Slope of L2 = 2
Slope of L1 ≠ slope of L2
∴ L1 and L2 have 1 point of intersection.  m1 ≠ m2: Case 1

(b) Slope of L1 = –3
3
Slope of L2 = − = –3
1
Slope of L1 = slope of L2  m1 = m2: Case 2 or 3
y-intercept of L1 = 7
5
y-intercept of L2 = − = –5
1
y-intercept of L1 ≠ y-intercept of L2
∴ L1 and L2 have 0 points of intersection.  c1 ≠ c2: Case 2

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

(c) Slope of L1 = 2
4
Slope of L2 = − =2
−2
Slope of L1 = slope of L2  m1 = m2: Case 2 or 3
y-intercept of L1 = 1
2
y-intercept of L2 = − =1
−2
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
∴ L1 and L2 have infinitely many points of intersection.  c1 = c2: Case 3

Instant Drill 1.1

Find the number of points of intersection of the straight lines L1: y = 2x and L2: y = 4x + 1.

Solution

Slope of L1 = ( ) Step 1: Compare the slopes.

Step 2: If the slopes are the same,
Slope of L2 = ( ) compare the y-intercepts.

Slope of L1 ( = / ≠ ) slope of L2

Instant Drill 1.2

Find the number of points of intersection of the straight lines L1: y = −2x + 1 and L2: 4x + 2y + 3 = 0.

Solution

Slope of L1 =

Slope of L2 =

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 1.3

Find the number of points of intersection of the straight lines L1: 5x + y – 1 = 0 and L2: 10x + 2y – 2 = 0.

Solution

 Exercise 2C (P.2.46) 1–8|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Example 2 Level 1
Two straight lines L1: y = ax + 16 and L2: 5x – y + 11 = 0 have no points of intersection. Find a.

Solution
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 If L1 and L2 have no points of intersection,

5 slope of L1 = slope of L2 (i.e. Case 2).

a= −
−1
=5

Instant Drill 2.1

Two straight lines L1: kx – y + 9 = 0 and L2: 9x + 3y + 7 = 0 have no points of intersection. Find k.

Solution
Slope of L1 = slope of L2

Instant Drill 2.2

Two straight lines L1: 2kx + y + 5 = 0 and L2: 8x – y – 2 = 0 have no points of intersection. Find k.

Solution
Slope of L1 ( = / ≠ ) slope of L2

 Exercise 2C (P.2.46) 18|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Coordinates of the Point of Intersection of Two Intersecting Lines

To find the coordinates of the point of intersection of two straight lines L1: A1x + B1y + C1 = 0 and
L2: A2x + B2y + C2 = 0, we can solve

 A1 x + B1 y + C1 = 0
 .
 A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0

Example 3 Level 1
Two straight lines L1: x + y = 3 and L2: x − y = 1 intersect at the point P. Find the coordinates of P.

Solution
Method of Substitution Method of Elimination

 x + y = 3 ......................... (1)  x + y = 3 ......................... (4)

 
 x − y = 1 .......................... (2)  x − y = 1 .......................... (5)
From (1), x = 3 − y ............ (3) (4) + (5): 2 x = 4
Substitute (3) into (2). x=2
(3 − y ) − y = 1 Substitute x = 2 into (4).
−2 y = −2 2+ y =3
y =1 y =1
Substitute y = 1 into (3). ∴ The coordinates of P are (2 , 1).
x=3−1=2
∴ The coordinates of P are (2 , 1).

Instant Drill 3.1

Two straight lines L1: x – 2y = –6 and L2: y = 2x intersect at the point P. Find the coordinates of P.

Solution
x – 2y = –6 …...…….. (1)
y = 2x ……..........….. (2)
Substitute ( ) into ( ).

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

In each of the following, the two given straight lines intersect at the point P. Find the coordinates of P.
[Instant Drills 3.2–3.5]

Instant Drill 3.2

L1: 2x – y = 7, L2: x – y = 2

Solution
2x – y = 7 ….....…… ( )
x – y = 2 …...…....... ( )

Instant Drill 3.3

L1: 3x + 4y = –20, L2: 3x – 2y = –8

Solution

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 3.4

L1: 4x + 3y = 3, L2: 2x – 3y = –21

Solution

Instant Drill 3.5

L1: x – 2y – 5 = 0, L2: 3x + 4y – 5 = 0

Solution

 Exercise 2C (P.2.46) 9–12|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.7 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Example 4 Level 1
In the figure, two straight lines L1: 3x – 4y – 7 = 0 and L2: x + 4y – 13 = 0 intersect at the point P.
y

L2

x
O

L1

(a) Find the coordinates of P.

(b) Find the equation of the straight line L3 passing through P and with slope −2.

Solution
(a) 3x – 4y – 7 = 0 …..……….. (1)
x + 4y – 13 = 0 ..……...….. (2)
(1) + (2): 4 x − 20 = 0
x=5
Substitute x = 5 into (2).
5 + 4 y − 13 = 0
4y = 8
y=2
∴ The coordinates of P are (5 , 2).

(b) The equation of L3 is

y – 2 = −2(x – 5) Equation of the line passing through (x1 , y1) and with slope m:
y – 2 = –2x + 10 y – y1 = m(x – x1)
2x + y – 12 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.8 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 4.1

In the figure, two straight lines L1: 3x – y + 9 = 0 and L2: x + y – 1 = 0 y
L2
intersect at the point P.
(a) Find the coordinates of P.
(b) Find the equation of the straight line L3 passing through P and with P

slope −3.

x
Solution O
L1
(a) 3x – y + 9 = 0 …...……….. (1)
x + y – 1 = 0 .........…...….. (2)

(b) The equation of L3 is

y–( )=( )[x – ( )]

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.9 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Instant Drill 4.2

It is given that two straight lines L1: x + 2y – 2 = 0 and L2: 4x – y – 17 = 0 intersect at the point P.
(a) Find the coordinates of P.
(b) Find the equation of the straight line L3 passing through P and (0 , –3).

Solution
(a) x + 2y – 2 = 0 ….……….. ( )
4x – y – 17 = 0 ....…...….. ( )

(b) The equation of L3 is

 Exercise 2C (P.2.46) 14, 15|

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.10 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

 Challenging Question 
A(6 , 4), B(4 , −6) and C(14 , 2) are the vertices of △ABC. M and N y

are the mid-points of AB and BC respectively. A

(a) Find the coordinates of M and N.
C
(b) Find the equations of AN and CM. x
O
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of AN and CM.

Solution B

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.11 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.12 4A02 Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Lite)
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Name: __________________________ Class: __________( )

Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1)

In each of the following, find the number of points of intersection of the straight lines L1 and L2.
[Nos. 1–8]
1. L1: x + 3y = 5, L2: 2x + 5y + 1 = 0

2. L1: 2x + 2y + 7 = 0, L2: 3x + 3y – 8 = 0

3
3. L1 : y = − x − 1 , L2 : x = 4
2

4. L1: 5x – 7y + 5 = 0, L2: 5x – 7y – 3 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.1 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

5. L1: 2y = 4x – 3, L2: 12x – 6y – 9 = 0

2
6. L1 : y = − x + 2 , L2: 12x + 18y + 5 = 0
3

7. L1: –4x + 3y + 4 = 0, L2: 8x – 6y – 8 = 0

8. L1: 8x – 8y + 9 = 0, L2: 6x + 6y + 7 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.2 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

In each of the following, find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the straight lines L1 and L2.
[Nos. 9–12]
9. L1: y = 3x + 2, L2: 2x + 5y + 7 = 0

10. L1: x – y – 5 = 0, L2: 9x – y + 27 = 0

11. L1: 5x – 2y = 3, L2: x + 3y = 4

12. L1: 4x + 3y – 6 = 0, L2: 9x + 5y – 3 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.3 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

13. Let k be a non-zero constant. Do L1: 2kx + ky + 9 = 0 and L2: y = –2x + 8k intersect?
Explain your answer.

14. In the figure, two straight lines L1: 7x + 6y + 3 = 0 and y

x
L2: 4x – 5y – 32 = 0 intersect at the point A. O
(a) Find the coordinates of A.
A

L2
L1

(b) Find the equation of the straight line passing through A and with y-intercept –6.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.4 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

15. Two straight lines L1: 5x – 3y – 1 = 0 and L2: 5x – 7y – 9 = 0 intersect at y L1

the point P. L2

(a) Find the coordinates of P. x

O

(b) Find the equation of the straight line which passes through P and is perpendicular to the straight
line 4x + 3y + 17 = 0.

16. The equation of the straight line L1 is x + 2y + 10 = 0. The straight line L2 passes through (5 , 5) and
(–7 , –4).
(a) Find the equation of L2.

(b) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of L1 and L2.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.5 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

17. The equation of the straight line L1 is 2x + 3y + 20 = 0. The straight line L2 with y-intercept 2 is
perpendicular to L1.
(a) Find the equation of L2.

(b) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of L1 and L2.

© Oxford University Press 2023 P.6 4A02 Consolidation Exercise 2C (Level 1)

Worksheet format
Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Name

2 Equations of Straight Lines Class ( )

Date
Section Test 2A Marks

(§2.1 Slope and Inclination, §2.2 Finding Equations of Straight Lines)

1. Find the slope and the inclination of the straight line L passing through A(5 , 2) and B(–1 , 0).
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.) (4 marks)

2. In the figure, the straight line L with inclination 45° passes through y
L
(−3 , 4). Find the equation of L. (2 marks)

(−3 , 4)
45°
x
O

© Oxford University Press 2023 Section Test 4A02 2.1

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

3. Refer to the figure. Find the equation of L. (2 marks) y

L

(8 , 4)

x
0 6

4. In the figure, the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line L are 6 and −5 y
L
respectively. Find the equation of L. (2 marks)
slope = 6
x
0

−5

END OF TEST

© Oxford University Press 2023 Section Test 4A02 2.2

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Name

2 Equations of Straight Lines Class ( )

Date
Section Test 2B Marks

(§2.3 General Form of Equations of Straight Lines)

4
1. The slope of the straight line L: 4x + ky + 24 = 0 is , where k is a non-zero constant.
3
(a) Find the value of k. (2 marks)

(b) Find the x-intercept of L. (1 mark)

2. The straight lines L1: 3x + ky – 2 = 0 and L2: 2x – y + 3 = 0 are perpendicular to each other.
(a) Find the value of k. (2 marks)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Section Test 4A02 2.3

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

(b) Find the y-intercept of L1. (1 mark)

3. The equation of the straight line L1 is x + 7y = 0. The straight line L2 cuts the y-axis at (0 , 6) and
L2 // L1.
(a) Find the equation of L2. (3 marks)

(b) If L2 cuts the x-axis at the point B, find the equation of the vertical line passing through B.
(2 marks)

END OF TEST

© Oxford University Press 2023 Section Test 4A02 2.4

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Name

2 Equations of Straight Lines Class ( )

Date
Section Test 2C Marks

(§2.4 Possible Intersection of Two Straight Lines)

1. Find the number of points of intersection of the straight lines L1: y = 4 and L2: 2x + y − 4 = 0.
(2 marks)

2. If the straight lines L1: 3x + 4y − 6 = 0 and L2: 6x + 8y + k = 0 have infinitely many points of
intersection, find the value of k. (2 marks)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Section Test 4A02 2.5

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

3. If the straight lines L1: kx − 6y + 5 = 0 and L2: 7x + 2y − 1 = 0 do not intersect, find the value of k.
(2 marks)

4. The slope of the straight line L1 is negative. Lillian claims that L1 intersects the straight line
L2: 5x − 2y + 7 = 0 at only one point. Do you agree? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Section Test 4A02 2.6

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

5. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the straight lines L1: 7x – 9y + 11 = 0 and
L2: x + y – 3 = 0. (3 marks)

END OF TEST

© Oxford University Press 2023 Section Test 4A02 2.7

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Name

2 Equations of Straight Lines Class ( )

Date
Chapter Test 2 Lite Marks

1. In each of the following, find the equation of the straight line L.

(a) y (3 marks)

L
(3 , 2)

45°
x
O

(b) y (2 marks)
L

x
O Q(5 , 0)

P(2 , −6)

2. If the straight lines L1: y = 3x − 2 and L2: kx − 2y + 4 = 0 are parallel to each other, find the value of k.
(2 marks)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Chapter Test (Lite) 4A02 2.1

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

3. The straight line L1 passes through (−5 , −4) and (1 , −3). The straight line L2 is perpendicular to L1.
(a) Find the slope of L2. (3 marks)

(b) If the y-intercept of L2 is −12, find the equation of L2. (2 marks)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Chapter Test (Lite) 4A02 2.2

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

4. In the figure, the straight line L1: 4x – y + 8 = 0 cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at A and B respectively.
M is the mid-point of AB. The straight line L2 is a horizontal line passing through M.
y
L1

M L2

A
x
O

(a) Find the coordinates of A and B. (2 marks)

(b) Find the coordinates of M. (2 marks)

(c) Write down the equation of L2. (1 mark)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Chapter Test (Lite) 4A02 2.3

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

5. Two straight lines L1: ax + y − b = 0 and L2: bx + 2y − 12 = 0 have infinitely many points of
intersection. Find the values of a and b. (4 marks)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Chapter Test (Lite) 4A02 2.4

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

6. Two straight lines L1: 4x − y − 5 = 0 and L2: 3x + y − 9 = 0 intersect at the point A.

(a) Find the coordinates of A. (3 marks)

(b) The straight line L3 passes through A and its slope is −3. Do L2 and L3 intersect at only one point?
Explain your answer. (3 marks)

© Oxford University Press 2023 Chapter Test (Lite) 4A02 2.5

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Multiple-choice Questions
(Each of the following questions carries 2 marks.)

7. The straight line L1 passing through (–1 , 6) is parallel to the straight line L2: 5x – 4y – 7 = 0. Find the
equation of L1.
A. 4x + 5y – 26 = 0
B. 4x + 5y – 29 = 0
C. 5x – 4y + 26 = 0
D. 5x – 4y + 29 = 0

8. P(2 , −5) is rotated clockwise about the origin through 90° to the point Q. The straight line L passes
through P and Q. Find the equation of L.
A. x – y – 7 = 0
B. x + y + 3 = 0
C. 3x + 7y + 29 = 0
D. 7x – 3y – 29 = 0

9. In the figure, the straight line L1: 5x + 2y − 8 = 0 cuts the y-axis at the point y L2
L1
3
A. L2 is a straight line passing through A and its slope is . Find the
4
equation of L2. A
A. 3x − 4y − 12 = 0
B. 3x − 4y + 16 = 0 x
O
C. 15x – 20y – 24 = 0
D. 15x – 20y + 32 = 0

10. In the figure, the equations of the straight lines L1 and L2 are ax − y + b = 0 y
L1
and cx − y + d = 0 respectively. P is the point of intersection of L1 and L2.
Which of the following are true? L2
I. a>c
II. b>d P
x
d −b O
III. x-coordinate of P =
a−c
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

END OF TEST

© Oxford University Press 2023 Chapter Test (Lite) 4A02 2.6