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Lesson 3 Java Introduction and Syntax

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Lesson 3 Java Introduction and Syntax

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soberanoescoton
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PRG 1 - Programming 1

Lesson 3: Java Introduction and Syntax

Lesson 3.1: Java Introduction

What is Java?
 Java is a popular programming language, created in 1995.
 It is owned by Oracle, and more than 3 billion devices run Java.
 It is used for:
 Mobile applications (specially Android apps)
 Desktop applications
 Web applications
 Web servers and application servers
 Games
 Database connection
 And much, much more!

Why use Java?


 Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.)
 It is one of the most popular programming languages in the world
 It has a large demand in the current job market
 It is easy to learn and simple to use
 It is open-source and free
 It is secure, fast and powerful
 It has huge community support (tens of millions of developers)
 Java is an object-oriented language which gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused,
lowering development costs
 As Java is close to C++ and C#, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to Java or vice versa

Java QuickStart
 In Java, every application begins with a class name, and that class must match the filename.
 The file should contain a "Hello World" message, which is written with the following code:

Main.java

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}
 Every line of code that runs in Java must be inside a class. In our example, we named the class Main. A class
should always start with an uppercase first letter.
Note: Java is case-sensitive: "MyClass" and "myclass" has different meaning.

The main Method


 The main() method is required and you will see it in every Java program:
public static void main(String[] args)

 Any code inside the main() method will be executed.


 Remember that every Java program has a class name which must match the filename, and that every program
must contain the main() method.
System.out.println()
 Inside the main() method, we can use the println() method to print a line of text to the screen:

public static void main(String[] args) {


System.out.println("Hello World");
}

Note:
 The curly braces {} marks the beginning and the end of a block of code.
 System is a built-in Java class that contains useful members, such as out, which is short for "output". The
println() method, short for "print line", is used to print a value to the screen (or a file).
 You should also note that each code statement must end with a semicolon (;).

Exercise #1: Insert the missing part of the code below to output "Hello World".

Java Output/Print

Print Text
 You learned from the previous chapter that you can use the println() method to output values or print text in
Java: System.out.println("Hello World");
 You can add as many println() methods as you want. Note that it will add a new line for each method:

Example:
System.out.println("Hello World!");
System.out.println("I am learning Java.");
System.out.println("It is awesome!");

Double Quotes
 When you are working with text, it must be wrapped inside double quotations marks “”.
 If you forget the double quotes, an error occurs:
Example:
System.out.println("This sentence will work!");

System.out.println(This sentence will produce an error);

The Print() Method


 There is also a print() method, which is similar to println().
 The only difference is that it does not insert a new line at the end of the output:
Example:
System.out.print("Hello World! ");
System.out.println("I will print on the same line.");

Print Numbers
 You can also use the println() method to print numbers.
 However, unlike text, we don't put numbers inside double quotes:
Example:
System.out.println(3);
System.out.println(358);
System.out.println(50000);

Java Comments
Comments can be used to explain Java code, and to make it more readable. It can also be used to prevent execution
when testing alternative code.

Single-line Comments
 Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//).
 Any text between // and the end of the line is ignored by Java (will not be executed).
 This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:
Example:
// This is a comment
System.out.println("Hello World");

Java Multi-line Comments


 Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.
 Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by Java.
 This example uses a multi-line comment (a comment block) to explain the code:
Example:
/* The code below will print the words Hello World
to the screen, and it is amazing */
System.out.println("Hello World");

Exercise #2: Insert the missing part to create two types of comments.

Lesson 3.2:

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