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    Basicconceptsofoops 99199

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    Basicconceptsofoops 99199

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    hnayan2007
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    For Pcmcs

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    BASICCONCEPTSOFOOPS_88dc074382ed476fb78a838d15ae6d95_99199

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    2 views2 pages

    Basicconceptsofoops 99199

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    OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS

    Object Oriented Programming(OOP) is the principle of design and development of


    programs using modular approach. It is a programming concept that combines both the
    data and the functions that operate on it, into a single unit called object.

    Basic Concepts (Characteristics) of OOP


    a) CLASSES –It contains the description of the data and the code to manipulate the
    data i.e. it can hold both data and functions. It combines data members and
    member functions into a single entity.

    b) OBJECTS –It is an instance of a class. They are the basic building blocks for
    designing programs.

    c) DATA ABSTRACTION – It permits the user to use an object without knowing its
    internal working. It refers to the process of representing essential features
    without including the background details or explanations.

    d) DATA ENCAPSULATION – It combines data and functions into a single unit


    called class. It prevents direct access to data. It enables data hiding.

    e) INHERITANCE – It is the process by which one class inherits the properties of


    another class.

    f) POLYMORPHISM – It is the process by which a function or an operator can take


    multiple. It is also known as overloading. There are 2 types of overloading –
    Operator Overloading where an operator can take multiple forms and Function
    Overloading where a function can take multiple forms.

    g) DYNAMIC BINDING – Binding is the process of connecting one program to


    another. Dynamic binding is the process where, the code associated with a
    procedure call is known only at the time of program execution.

    h) MESSAGE PASSING – In OOP, processing is done by sending messages to


    objects. A message for an object is the request for execution of procedure.

    ADVANTAGES OF OOP
    a) Programs are modularized..
    b) Providing data security with data encapsulation.
    c) It reduces code duplication.
    d) Easy to develop complex software.
    e) Allows code reusability by linking code and objects.

    1
    f) Reduces software development time.
    g) Message passing techniques make it easier to communicate with external
    systems.

    LIMITATIONS OF OOP
    a) OOP software does not have set standards.
    b) Difficult to adopt flow diagram.
    c) Classes are overly generalized.
    d) It is difficult to convert a real–world problem into an object oriented model.
    e) Proper planning and design is required before programming using OOP
    techniques.

    APPLICATIONS OF OOP
    a) Computer graphic applications
    b) CAD/CAM software
    c) Object-Oriented Database
    d) Artificial intelligence and expert systems
    e) Simulation and modeling

    Differences between Procedural Programming and Object Oriented Programming

    Procedural Programming Object Oriented Programming

    Programs are divided into smaller Programs are divided into


    programs known as functions. objects.

    It doesn’t have any proper method It has proper method for hiding
    for hiding data. So data is less data. So data is more secure.
    secure.

    It follows top down approach in It follows bottom up approach in


    program design. program design.

    It doesn’t have access specifiers. It has access specifiers like


    private, public and protected.

    Overloading is not possible. Overloading is possible in form of


    operator/function overloading.

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