Science Reviewer G3

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LESSON 1 – CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER+

MATTER - Anything that occupies space and has mass and weight is called matter.

3 STATES OF MATTER – Solid, Liquid, Gas

MOLECULES - Molecules are tiny particles that make up matter.

MOLECULES IN SOLID STATE - In solid state, molecules are held together in an organized
structure.

MOLECULES IN LIQUID STATE - In liquid state, molecules are separated and can move freely.

MOLECULES IN GASEOUS STATE - In gaseous state, molecules are well separated and can move
freely.

MATTER - Matter has properties like mass, weight, volume, and density.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

MASS - it refers to the amount of matter an object has. Mass stays the same wherever the object is
located.

WEIGHT - it is the pull of gravity on an object. Weight changes when an object moves away from the
center of gravity.

Unit of Measurement: grams (g) or kilogram (kg)

VOLUME - is refers to the space that matter occupies.

FORMULA OF VOLUME OF A REGULAR SOLID MATTER: V = l x w x h

-The volume of a liquid can be measured by using a graduated cylinder.

-The unit used in measuring liquid is milliliter or Ml

HOW TO MEASURE THE VOLUME OF A IRREGULAR SOLID MATTER: The volume of the water in
the cylinder is 50mL. The volume of the rock with water is 70mL. What is the volume of rock alone?
V = rock & water - water V = 70 - 50 V 3 = 20cm

DENSITY - how heavy something is compared to the amount of space it takes up.

SPACE - it is where the object is located or placed

Floats = Less Density (less dense) Sinks = More Density (denser)


LESSON 2 - CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID
Solid is one of the states of matter which we can touch, see, and hold.

It has mass and weight and has its own shape.

They may also exhibit other properties such as hardiness, elasticity, malleability, ductility, porosity,
and flexibility.

Hardiness - it is the ability of solid matter to resist scratches or cuts.

Malleability - it is the ability of materials to be hammered, molded, or pressed into various shapes
and sizes without breaking.

Examples: Gold, Iron, Aluminium, Copper, Silver and Lead.

Elasticity - it is the the property of solid materials to be stretched when pressure is applied on
them.

Brittleness - it is the tendency of the material to be easily broken into pieces.

Ductility - it is the ability of solid objects to be drawn into fine wires.

Some examples of ductile materials are: Nickel, Copper, and Steel

Flexibility - it is the ability of solid objects to bend without breaking like rubber.

Porosity - it is the ability of solid objects to absorb liquid.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID

Liquids are the flowing objects.

They have no shape of their own.

They take the shapes of the containers.

They have definite volume and take up space.


Liquids may be the same or different in colors.

Some liquids are safe to drink.

Some liquids are not safe to drink but can be used for cleaning and other purposes.

Some liquids have smell.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GASES
Gas is one of the states of matter which we can feel it but you cannot see it.

It has no definite shape and size but it has a definite volume.

Gases take the shapes of their containers.

Gas makes the balloon, ball, and tire big.

The air carries to our nose whatever the smell of the objects around us have.

CHANGES THAT MATERIALS UNDERGO


MATTER - Temperature affects the state of matter.

SOLID TO LIQUID - Solids can be changed into liquid by exposing them under the heat of the sun,
air, or heating. Solid to Liquid (Heating or Melting)

High Temperature = Melts Melting = Solid to Liquid

CHANGES IN SOLID - Solids change in different ways when heated or burned, cut, crumbled, and
broken.

LIQUID TO SOLID - Liquids can change to solids by freezing. The temperature at which liquid
changes into solid is called freezing point. (0°C). Liquid to Solid (Freezing)

Low Temperature = Freeze Freezing = Liquid to Solid

LIQUID TO GAS - The changing of liquid to gas is called vaporization or evaporation. Liquid to Gas
(Evaporation)
CHANGES IN LIQUID - Liquids change when cooled or heated

GAS TO LIQUID - Condensation is the process of changing gas to liquid. Gas to Liquid
(Condensation)

CHANGES IN GAS - Gas changes into liquid when cooled

GAS TO SOLID - Deposition is when a substance in gas form changes states to become a solid. Gas
to Solid (Deposition)

SOLID TO GAS - Sublimation is the changing of matter from solid to gas without passing through
the liquid state. Solid to Gas (Sublimation)

Solid to Liquid = Heating or Melting

Liquid to Solid = Freezing

Liquid to Gas = Vaporization or Evaporation

Gas to Liquid = Condensation

Gas to Solid = Deposition

Solid to Gas = Sublimation

CHANGES IN MATTER
Physical Change - the physical properties of an object like size, shape, or state changes

Chemical Change - it occurs when two or more things are combine to form a new things or
substance.

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