1

I
Introduction

I.1 Definition: Constitution

I.2 Purposes
I.3 Supremacy of the Constitution
 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 104768, July
21, 2003
 Gudani vs. Senga 671 SCRA 671 [2006
 Nicolas vs. Romulo GR 175888, 11 February 2009
 Philippine Contractors Adjudication Board vs.
Manila Water Company, Inc. GR No. 217590, 10
March 2020
 De Leon vs. Esguerra, G.R. No. 78059 August 31,
1987
 Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156
February 3, 1997
 Province of North Cotabato vs. GRP, GR No. G.R.
No. 183591, October 14, 2008
I.4 Classification
I.5 Essential Qualities/ Parts of a Constitution
I.5 Permanence of a Constitution
I.6 Interpretation

 Civil Liberties Union vs. Executive Secretary 194

SCRA 317 [1991]
 Sarmiento vs. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
 League of Cities vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 176951
April 12, 2011
 CB Employees Union vs. Central Bank, G.R. No.
148208 December 15, 2004

I.7 Amendment/Revision
 2

 Defensor-Santiago vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 12725,

19 March, 1997
 Lambino v. Comelec, G.R. No. 174153, 25 Oct.
2002

I.8 Procedure

Proposal
Ratification

 Gonzales v. Comelec, G.R. No. L-28196,

November 9, 1967
 Tolentino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-34150, Oct. 16,
1971

Check R.A. 6735 - Initiative and Referendum Act

II. The Concept of the State

II.1 Definition

Elements:

1. People
2. Territory
3. Government

 Magallona vs. Ermita, GR No. 187167, July 16,

2011

 In the Matter of the South China Sea

Arbitration, PCA Case Nº 2013-19, July 12, 2016,
available
athttps://pca-cpa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/17
5/2016/07/PH-CN-20160712-Award.pdf
 3

Government of the Philippines, Defined

 See Exec. Ord. No. 292 (1987), Introductory Provisions,
section 2.
 U.S. v. Dorr, 2 Phil. 332 (1903)
Constituent and Ministrant and Functions of the
Government

 Bacani v. NACOCO, 100 Phil. 468 (1956)

 ACCFA v. CUGCO, 141 Phil 334 (1969)
De Facto and De Jure Government
 Co Cham v. Valdez, 75 Phil. 113 (1945)
Revolutionary Government
 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 104768, July 21,
2003
Local Autonomy
 Mandanas v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 199802, July 3, 2018,
4. Sovereignty
 Reagan v. Commissioner on Internal Revenue, G.R. No. L-
26379, December 27, 19692.

II. 2 Fundamental Powers of the State

a. Police Power
b. Eminent Domain
c. Taxation

 Us v. Pompeya, 31 Philippine Reports 245

 Ichong vs. Hernandez, 101 Philippine Reports 1144
 Ermita-Malate Hotel Association vs. City Mayor, G.R. No. L-
24693 July 31, 1967

Doctrine of Parens Patriae

 4

. [Southern Luzon Drug vs. DSWD, GR No. 199669, April 25, 2017

Government of the Philippines Islands vs. Monte De Piedad, G.R.

No. L-9959 December 13, 1916

Soriano vs. Laguardia, GR No. 164785, April 29, 2009

II.3 Acts of State

II. 4 Doctrine of State Immunity

1. Basis
2. Application
3. Waiver of Immunity
4. Forms of Consent
5. Suits against Government Agency
6. Suability vs. Liability

 United States of America v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487 (1985)

 Liang v. People,G.R. No. 125865. January 28, 2000
 Arigo v. Swift, G.R. No. 206510, Sept. 16, 2014:
 GTZ v. CA, 585 SCRA 150
 Holy See v. Rosario, G.R. No. 101949, Dec. 1, 1994
 Callado, v. IRRI, G.R. No. 106483, May 22, 1995
 Garcia v. Chief of Staff, G.R. No.L-20213, January 31, 1966
 Chavez v. Sandiganbayan, 193 SCRA 282
 Department of Transportation and Communications v.
Abecina, 795 SCRA 214 (2016)
 Buisan v. COA, 816 SCRA 346 (2017)
 Sanders vs Veridiano, G.R. No. L-46930 June 10, 1988
 China National Machinery and Equipment vs Santa Maria,
G.R. No. 185572 February 7, 2012
 Jusmag vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 108813 December 15, 1994
 5

 Republic vs. Villasor, G.R. No. L-30671 November 28, 1973

 PNB vs. Pabalan, G.R. No. L-33112 June 15, 1978
 Republic vs. Hatchero, G.R. No. 200973, May 30, 2016
 Nicolas v. Secretary Romulo, G.R.No.175888, February 11,
2009
 Imbong v. Ochoa. G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014
 Oposa v. Factoran. G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993
 Initiatives for Dialogue and Empowerment through
Alternative Legal Services, Inc., v. Power Sector Assets
and Liabilities Management Corporation, G.R. No.192088,
October 9, 2012
 Belgica v. Ochoa. G.R. No. 208566, November 19, 2013
 Bureau of Customs Employees Association v. Teves. G.R.
No. 181704, December 6, 2011
 David v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006
 Philippine Agila Satellite vs. Lichauco, G.R. No.142362
May 3, 2006
 Republic vs. Sandoval, G.R. No. 84607 March 19, 1993
 DOH vs. Phil Pharma Wealth, Inc. G.R. No. 182358
February 20, 2013
 Shauf vs. Ca., G.R. No. 90314 November 27, 1990
 Rayo vs. CFI of Bulancan and NPC, G.R. No. L-55273-83
December 19, 1981
 MH Wylie vs. Rarang, G.R. No. 74135 May 28, 1992
 DA vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 104269 November 11, 1993
 Republic of Indonesia vs. Vinzon, G.R. No. 154705
June 26, 2003
 Minucher vs. Ca, G.R. No. 142396 February 11,
2003
 Lasco vs. United Nations Revolving Fund for Natural
Resources Exploration [UNRFNRE], G.R. Nos. 109095-
109107 February 23, 1995

III. Preamble
 6

III.1 Purpose

IV. Art. II. Declaration of Principles and State Policies

1. Republicanism
2. The Defense of the State
3. Peace and Order

o People vs. Lagman and People vs. Zosa, G.R. No. L-

45892 July 13, 1938
o Lagman vs. Medialdea, G.R. No. 231658

4. The Incorporation Clause

o Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association vs. The

Secretary of Health, GR No. 173034, October 9, 2007
o Kuroda vs. Jalandoni, G.R. No. L-2662 March 26,
1949
o Poe-Llamanzares vs. Comelec, GR No. 221697, March 8,
2016
o Gonzales vs. Hechanova, 9 Scra 230
o In re Garcia, 2 Scra 984
o Philip Morris Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, 224 Scra 576
o Laude vs. Ginez, GR No. 217456, 24 November 2015
o Intellectual Property Association of the Philippines vs.
Ochoa, GR No. 204605, July 19, 2016
o Association of Medical Clinics for Overseas Workers
[AWCOM] vs. GCC Approved Medical Centers
Association, GR No. 207132, December 6, 2016
o Air Canada vs. CIR, G.R. No. 169507, January 11, 2016

o Pangilinan vs. Cayetano, G.R. No. 238875, March 16,

2021

5. Rearing of the Youth

 7

o Continental Steel vs. Montano, G.R.182836

October 13, 2009
o Spark vs. QC, G.R. No. 225442, August 08, 2017
o People vs. Atizado, G.R. No. 173822 October
13, 2010
o People vs Jacinto
o Anacleto Alanis vs. CA, GR No. 216425, November 11,
2020 [Momma’s Boy]

6. Women

o Garcia vs. Drilon, GR No. 179267 ,June 25, 2013

7. Social Justice

o Small Landowners vs. Secretary of Agrarian Reform

o BCDA vs. COA, GR No. 178160, February 26, 2009
o Bureau of Fisheries vs. COA, GR No. 169815, August
13, 2002
o Magkalas vs. NHA, G.R. No. 138823, September 17,
2008
o Adriano vs. Tanco, G.R. No. 168164 : July 05, 2010

8. Separation of the Church and the State

o Estrada vs. Escritor

o Victoriano vs. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, 59 Scra 54,
o Ebralinag vs. Division Superintendent of Schools, G.R.
No. 95770 March 1, 1993
o Municipality of Tangkal vs. Balindong, January 11,
2017
o G.R. No. 193340
o Peralta vs. Philpost, GR No. 223395, December 4, 2018
o Manosca vs. CA GR No. 106440, January 29, 1996,
o Valmores vs. Achacoso, G.R. No. 217453, July 19,
2017
o People vs. Veneracion, GR No. 119987, October 12,
1995
 8

o Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Commission on Elections, G.R.

No. 190582, April 8, 2010
o G.R. No. 144801 - Dominador L. Taruc, et al. v. Bishop
Porfirio B. De La Cruz, et al.
o Salvation Army vs. SSS, July 9, 2003
o Islamic Da Wah vs. Executive Secretary, GR No.
153888,
o Espejon vs. Lorredo, AM. No. MTJ-22-007

9. Supremacy of the Civilian Authority

10. Local Autonomy
11. Economy

o Espina vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 143855

September 21, 2010
o Tanada vs. Angara, G.R. No. 118295 May 2, 1997
o Heirs of Gamboa vs. Teves, G.R. No. 176579
October 9, 2012

12. Miscellaneous

 Resident Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait vs.

Reyes, G.R. No. 180771, April 21, 2015 ]
 Oposa vs. Factoran G.R. No. 101083 July 30, 1993
 MMDA vs. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, G.R. Nos.
171947-48 December 18, 2008
 PCAB vs. Manila Water, G.R. No. 217590, March 10, 2020
 Datu Michael Abbas Kida vs. Senate, G.R. No. 196271,
October 18, 2011
 Sereno vs. CTRM, G.R. No. 175210, February 01, 2016
 Chavez vs. PEA, G.R. No. 133250 July 9, 2002
 Falcis vs. Civil Registrar General, G.R. No. 217910,
September 03, 2019
 Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. 644 (2015)
 Legaspi vs. CSC, G.R. No. L-72119 May 29, 1987

IV. Art. IV. Citizenship

 9

V. Art V Suffrage

 Aznar vs. Comelec, 185 SCRA

 Tecson vs. Comelec, 424 SCRA 277
 Co. vs. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, 199
SCRA 962[1991]
 Labo vs. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1 [1989]
 Frivaldo vs. Comelec, 257 SCRA727 [1996]
 Poe-Llamanzares vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 221967
 RA 8171 Repatriation of Filipino Women married for
Foreigners
 R.A. 9225 Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act

 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11767, THE FOUNDLING

RECOGNITION AND PROTECTION ACT

VI. Separation of Powers

1. Purposes

2. Blending of Powers
3. Checks and Balances
4. The Role of the Judiciary
5. Justiciable and Political Questions
6. Application of the Doctrine
7. Political Questions Under the New Constitution
Estrada vs. Desierto and Estrada vs. Macapacal, .R. No.
146710-15 March 2, 2001
o Belgica vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 208566, November 19,
2013
Bengzon vs. Drilon, GR No. 103524, April 15, 1992
o Kabataan Party List vs. Comelec, GR No. 189868,
December 15, 2009
o Morales vs. Court of Appeals, GR No. 21726, November
10, 2015,
 10

o Vinuya vs. Executive Secretary, GR No. 162230, August

13, 2014,
o Mendoza vs. People, GR No. 183891, October 19, 2011,
o Angara vs. Electoral Commission, GR No. L-45081, July
15, 1936,
o Tanada vs Cuenco
o GR No. L-28790, April 1968, Noblejas vs. Teehankee
o Tanada vs. Angara, G.R. No. 118295 May 2, 1997
o Daza vs. Singson, G.R. No. 86344. December 21,
1989
o Hacienda Luisita vs. Presidential Agrarian Reform
Council, GR No. 171101, July 5, 2011,
o Ocampo vs. Enriquez, GR No. 225973, November 08,
2016,
o Calleja vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 252578,
December 07, 2021
o Neri vs. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public
Officers, G.R. No. 180643 September 4, 2008

VII. Delegation of Powers

1. Tariff Powers
2. Emergency Powers
3. Delegation to the People
4. Delegation to Local Governments
5. Delegation to Administrative bodies

6. Tests of Delegation

1. Completeness Test
2. Sufficient Standard Test

o People vs. Vera, G.R. No. L-45685 November

16, 1937
o Ynot vs. IAC
o Abakada Guro Party List vs Ermita, GR No. 168056,
September 1, 2005,
o Edu vs. Ericta, G.R. No. L-32096 October 24, 1970
 11

o GR No. 188720, February 23, 2016, PTCA vs. Lapus

o David vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. L-32096 October 24,
1970

VIII. Art. VI. Legislative Department

1. Legislative Power

 Review Center Association of the Philippines vs.

Ermita, GR No. 180046, April 2, 2009
 SBMA vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 125416
September 26, 1996
 KMU vs. Neda, GR No. GR No. 167798, April 19,
2006
 Ang Nars Party List vs. Executive Secretary, GR
No. 215746, October 8, 2019
 Belgica vs. Ochoa, GR No. 208566, November 19,
2013
 In the matter: Save the Supreme Court Judicial
Independence and Fiscal Autonomy vs. Abolition of
the JDF, UDK 15143, January 21, 2015
 Mandanas vs. Ochoa, GR No. 199802, July 3, 2018
 Banco de Oro vs. International Copra Export
Corporation, GR No. 218485, April 28, 2021
 Tawang Multi Purpose Coop vs. La Trinidad Water
District, GR No. 166471, March 22, 2011
 Philippine Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals vs. COA, GR No. 169752, September 25,
2007
 PERT/CPM Manpower Exponent Co. vs. Vinuya, GR
No. 197528, Septem er 5, 2012
 Sameer Overseas Placement Agency, Inc. vs. Joy
Cabiles, GR No. 170139, August 05, 2014
 12

 Adoracion Carolino vs. Generoso Senga, GR No.

189649, April 20, 2015
 ABAKADA GURO Party List v. Purisima, G.R. No.
166715,

1.1 The Senate

1.2 The House of Representatives
1.3 Qualifications/Elections/Terms of Office

 Frivaldo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120295 June 28,

1996
 Uytengsu vs. Republic, G.R. No. L-6379
September 29, 1954
 Manuel Japzon vs. Jaime Ty and Comelec
 Domino vs. Comelec, GR No. 134015, July 19,
1999
 In the Matter of the Petition for Disqualification
of Tess-Dumpit-Michelena, GR No. 163619
 Romualdez-Marcos vs. Comelec, GR No.
119976, September 18, 1995
 Jalosjos vs. Comelec, GR No. 193237, October 9,
2012
 Aquino v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 400 (1995]

 Makil Pundaodaya vs. Comelec, GR No. 179313,

September 17, 2009
 Limbona vs. Comelec, GR No. 181097, June 25,
2008
 Caballero vs. Comelec, GR No. 209835,
September 22, 2015
 Maquiling vs. Comelec, GR No. 195649, April 16,
2013
 Nicolas Lewis vs. Comelec, GR No. 162759,
August 4, 2006
 13

 Macalintal vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 263590. June

27, 2023
 Abundo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 201716
January 8, 2013
 Naval vs. Comelec, GR No. 2017851, July 8,
2014
 Lico vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 205505, September
29, 2015

 Lokin vs. Comelec, G.R. Nos. 179431-32
June 22, 2010
 Social Justice vs. Dangerous Drugs Board, GR
No. 157870, 570 Scra 410
 Tallado vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 246679, March 2,
2021,
 League of Cities vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 176951 ,
April 12, 2011
 Topacio vs. Angeles, GR No. L-89-, February 1,
1946
 Aldaba vs. Comelec, GR No. 188078, January
25, 2010
 Del Rosario vs. Comelec, GR No. 247610, March
10, 2020
 Navarro vs. Ermita
 Macias vs. Comelec, GR No. L-18684,
September 14, 1961
 Sema vs. Comelec, GR. No. 177597, July 16,
2008
 Banat vs. Comelec, GR No. 179271, April 21,
2009
 Abang Lingkod Party List vs. Comelec, GR. No.
206952, October 22, 2013
 Atong Paglaong, Inc. v. Commission on
Elections, G.R. No. 203766, April 2, 2013
 14

 Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido Tinig ng Masa v.

Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 207134, June
16, 2015
 COCOFED-Philippine Coconut Producers
Federation, Inc. v. Commission on Elections, G.R.
No. 207026, August 6, 2013
 Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Commission on
Elections, G.R. No. 190582, April 8, 2010
 Araro v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No.
192803, December 10, 2013

1.4 Parliamentary Immunities

 Pobre vs. Santiago, AC No. 7389, August 25, 2009

 Trillianes vs Marigomen, GR No. 223451, March
14, 2018

1.5 Conflict of Interest

1.6 Incompatible Office/Forbidden Office

 Liban vs. Gordon, GR No. 175352

 Adaza vs. Pacana, G.R. No. L-68159 March 18,
1985
 PHILCONSA v. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)
 Ligot v. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)

1.7 Inhibitions and Disqualifications

Puyat vs. De Guzman, GR No. L-51122, March 25,

1982

1.8 Sessions
1.9 Officers
 15

 Santiago vs. Guingona, GR No. 134577,

November 18, 1998
 Baguilat vs. Alvarez, GR No. 227757

1.10 Quorum

 Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 (1949)

 Datu Michael Abas Kida vs. Senate, GR No.
196271, February 28, 2012

1.11 Discipline of Members

 Alejandrino v. Quezon, 46 Phil 83 (1924)

 Osmena v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960
 De Venecia v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 130240,
Feb. 5, 2002

1.12 Adjournment
1.13 The Electoral Tribunals

 Velasco vs. Belmonte, GR No. 211140, January 12,

2016
 Tolentino vs. SET, GR No. 248005, May 11, 2021
 Abayon vs. HRET, GR No. 222236, May 3, 2016
 Lazatin vs. HRET, GR No. 84297, December 8,
1988
 Vinzons-Chato vs. Comelec, GR No. 172131, April
2, 2007
 Reyes vs. HRET, GR No. 221103, October 16,
2018
 Abbas v. SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
 Velasco v. Speaker, G.R. No. 211140, January 12,
2016
 Pimentel v. HRET, G.R. No. 141489, November 29,
2002
 16

 Abayon v. HRET, G.R. No. 222236, May 3, 2016

 Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
 Duenas, Jr. vs. HRET, and Reyes, GR No. 191550,
May 4, 2010
 People v. Jalosjos, G.R. No. 132875-76, February
3, 2000

.1 The Commission on Appointments

 Drilon v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 180055, July 31,

2009
 Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr. 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
 Guevarra vs. Inocentes, GR No. L-25577, March
15, 1966
 Joker Arroyo vs. De Venecia, GR No. 127255,
August 14, 1997
 Abakada Guro vs. Ermita, GR No. 168056,
Septemner 1, 2005

1.14 Procedure

1.14.1 Journals

 Casco Chemical Co. v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347

(1963)
 Philippine Judges Association v. Prado, 27
SCRA 703 (1993)
 Mabanag vs. Lopez Vito, GR No. L-1123,
March 5, 1947
 Arroyo vs. De Venecia, GR No. 127255,
August 14, 1997
 17

1.14.2 One Subject. One Title

 Lidasan vs Comelec, GR No. L-28089, October 25,

1967
 Philconsa vs. Jimenez, GR No. L-23326, December
18, 1965
 Tobias vs. Abalos, GR No. L-114783, December 8,
1994
 Giron vs. Comelec, GR No. 188179, January 22,
2013
 Farinas vs. Executive Secretary, GR No. 147387,
Dece ber 10, 2003
 Comelec vs. Cruz, GR No. 186616, November 20,
2009
 Tolentino vs. Secretary of Finance, GR No. 115455,
October 30, 1995

1.45.3 Doctrine of Presentment:

 Bengzon vs. Insular Auditor, GR No. L-42821,

January 18, 1936
 Bolinao Electronics vs. Valencia, GR No. L-20740,
June 30, 1964
 Philconsa vs. Enriquez, GR No. 113105, August 19,
1994
 Gonzales vs. Macaraig, GR No. 87636, November
19, 1990

1.15 Legislative Inquiries

 Pimentel v. Senate Committee of the Whole,

G.R. No. 187714, March 8, 2011

 Bengzon vs. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee,

GR No. 89914, November 20, 1991
 Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29 (1950)
 Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358 (1955)
 18

 Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, G.R. No.

169777, April 20, 2006
 Gudani v. Sena, G.R. No. 170165, August 15,
2006
 Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability
of Public Officers and Investigations, G.R. No.
180643, March 25, 2008 and September 4,
2008
 Garcillano v. The House of Representatives
Committee on Public Information, G.R. No.
170338, December 23, 2008
 Sabio vs. Gordon, GR No. 174340, October
17, 2006
 Dela Paz vs. Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations, GR No. 184849, February 13, 2009
 Drilon vs. Ermita, GR No. 169777, April 20,
2006
 Balag vs. Senate, GR No. 234608, July 3,
2018
 Ong vs. Senate, GR No. 257401, 28 March
2023

1.16 Appearance of Department Heads

1.17 The Power of Appropriation

 Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)

 LAMP v. The Secretary of Budget, G.R. No. 164987, April
24, 2012
 Tolentino vs. Secretary of Finance, GR No. 115455,
October 30, 1995
 ABAKADA GURO Party List v. Purisima, G.R. No. 166715,

 Confederation of Coconut Farmers vs. Aquino, GR No.

217965, August8, 2017
 19

 Araullo vs. Aquino, GR No. July 1, 2014

 Garcia vs. Mata, GR No. L-33713, July 30, 1975
 Pichay vs. Office of Deputy Secretary for Legal Affairs,
GR No. 196425j, July 24, 2012
 Manosca vs. CA, GR No. 106440, January 29, 1996
 Garces vs. Estenzo, GR No. L-53487, May 25, 1981

11.15 The Power of Taxation

 Angeles University Foundation vs. City of Angeles, GR

No. 189999, June 27, 2012
 Philippine Heart Center vs. Quezon City, GR No.
225409, March 11, 2020
 University of the Philippines vs. Quezon City, GR No.
214044
 Nazareth vs. Villar, GR No. 188635, January 29, 2013
 Tesda vs. COA, GR No. 204869
 Peralta vs. Philpost, GR No. 223395, December 4, 2018
 Pascual vs. Secretary of Public Works and
Communication, GR No. L-10404, December 29, 1960
 Lung Center vs. QC

1.18 The Power of Concurrence

 Saguisag v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 212426, 212444, January

12, 2016
 Pimentel v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 158088, July
6, 2005

1.19 The War Powers

2 Lagman vs. Senate President, GR No. 235935, February 6,

2018
3 Padilla vs. Congress of the Philippines, GR No. 231671, July
25, 2017

11.20. Others
 20

o Fabian vs. Desierto, GR No. 129742, September

16, 1998
o Carpio-Morales, vs. CA and Binay, GR No.
2111111726, November 10, 2015

IX. Art. VII. Executive Department

1. Executive Power

 Ocampo vs. Enriquez, GR No. 225973

 Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211,
September 15, 1989
 The Province of North Cotabato v. The
Government of the Republic of the Philippines
Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain, G.R. No.
183591, October 14, 2008


2. Qualifications
3. Election and Proclamation

 Makalintal vs. Presidential Electoral Tribunal,

GR No. 191618, November 23, 2010
 Tecson vs. Comele, GR No. 161434, 2004
 Legarda vs. De Castro, PET Case No. 003 ,
January 18, 2008
 Pormento v. Estrada, G.R. No. 181988,
August 31, 2010
 Defensor-Santiago vs. Ramos, PET No. 001,
1996

4. Term
5. The Vice President
6. Presidential Succession
 21

 Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2,

2001
 Estrada vs. Desierto,

7. Oath of Office
8. Perquisites and Inhibition

 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152154,

July 15, 2003
 Marcos, Jr. v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R.
No. 189434, March 12, 2014


9. Executive Privilege

 Tarrosa vs. Singson, G.R. No. 111243 May 25,

1994
 Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194
SCRA 317 (1991)
 Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549 (1987)
 Tetangco vs. COA, GR No. 215061
 Funa vs. Ermita, GR No. 184740, February 11,
2010
 Funa vs. Agra, GR No. 191644, February 19,
2013
 Public Interest Center, Inc. vs. Elma, GR No.
138965, June 30, 2006
 Betoy vs. Board of Directors, NPC, GR No.
156556, October 4, 2011
 Peza vs. COA, GR 189767, July 3, 2012
 Soriano vs. Lista, [G.R. No. 153881. March 24,
2003.]
 22

 National Amnesty Commission vs. COA, GR No.

156982, September8, 2004
 Almonte vs. Vasquez, GR No. 95367, May 23,
1995

10. Presidential Immunity

 Zabal vs. Duterte, GR No. 238467, February

12, 2019
 Esmero vs. Duterte, GR No. 256288, June 29,
2021
 Rodriguez vs. GMA, GR No. 191105,
November 15, 2011
 Gonzales vs. OP, GR No. 196231, January 28,
2014
 LEILA M. DE LIMA, PETITIONER, VS.
PRESIDENT RODRIGO R. DUTERTE,
RESPONDENT. [ G.R. No. 227635. October 15,
2019 ]
 Soliven vs. Makasiar, G.R. No. 82585
November 14, 1988

11. Powers of the President

 Ople vs. Torres, GR No. 127685, July 23, 1998

 Laurel vs Garcia, GR No. 92013, July 25, 1990

12. The Power to appoint/remove

 Valencia vs. Peralta, GR No. L-20864, August

23, 1963
 Caballero vs. Philippine Coast Guard, GR No.
174312, September 22, 2008
 Aytona vs Castillo, GR No. L-19313, January
19, 1962
 23

 Atty. Velicari-Garafil vs. Office of the

President, GR No. 203372, June 16, 2015
 De Castro v. JBC, G.R. No. 191002, March 17,
2010
 Bautista vs. Salonga, GR No. 86439, April 13,
1989
 Binamira vs. Garucho, GR No. 92008, July 30,
1990
 Calderon v. Carale, G.R. No. 91636, April 23,
1992
 Matibag v. Benipayo, G.R. No. 149036, April
2, 2002
 PLM vs. IAC, GR No. L-65439, November 13,
1985
 Fetalino vs. Comelec, GR No. 191890,
December 4, 2012,
 Quintos-Deles vs. Commission on
Appointment, GR No. 83216, September 4,
1989
 Luego vs CSC
 Aparri vs. CA, GR No. 30057, January 31,
1984
 General vs. Urro, GR No. 191560, March 29,
2011
 Buklod ng Kawaning EIIB vs. Zamora, GR No.
142801, July 10, 2001
 Galicto vs. Aquino, GR No. 193978, February
28, 2012
 Funa v. Commission on Audit Chair, G.R. No.
192791, April 24, 2012
 Pimentel v. Ermita, G.R. 164978, October 13,
2005
 Bermudez v. Torres, G.R. No. 131429, August
4, 1999

 Go Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17

(1977)
 24

13. The Control Power

 Villena vs. Secretary of Interior, GR No. L-

46570, April 21, 1939
 Planas vs. Gil, GR No. L-46440, January 18,
1939 Lacson vs. Roque, GR No. L-6225,
January 10, 1953
 Mondano vs. Silvosa, GR No. L-7708, May 30,
1955
 Banda v. Ermita, G.R. No. 166620, April 20,
2010
 Philips Seafoods Inc. vs. BOI, GR No. 175787,
February 4, 2009
 Drilon vs. Lim, GR No. 112497, August 4,
1994
 Anak Mindanao Party List vs. Ermita, GR No.
166052, August 29, 2007
 Angeles vs. Gaite, GR No. 176596, March 23,
2011
 Biraogo v. Philippine Truth Commission of
2010, 637 SCRA 78 (2010)

 Constantino vs. Cuisia, GR No. 106064,

October 13, 2005
 NPC Board of Directors vs. COA, GR No.
218052, January 26, 2021
 Araneta vs. Gatmaitan, GR No. L-8895, April
30, 1957
 Manalang-Demegillo vs. Tidcorp, GR No.
168613, March 5, 2013
 Manubay vs. Garilao, GR No. 140717, April
16, 2009
 Gascon vs. Arroyo, GR No. 78389, October
16, 1989
 Lacson-Magallanes Company vs. Pano, GR
No. L-27811, November 17, 1967
 25

 Ang-angco vs. Castillo, GR No. L-17169,

November 30, 1963
 Noblejas vs. Teehankee, GR No. L-28790,
April 29, 1968
 De Leon vs. Carpio, GR No. 85243, October
12, 1989
 De Lima vs. Reyes, GR No. 209330, January
11,2016
 Hutchison Ports vs. SBMA, G.R. No. 131367
August 31, 2000
 DENR represented by Secretary Heherson
Alvarez v. DENR Region 12 Employees, G.R.
No. 149725, August 19, 2003


. No. L-46440 January 18, 1939

14. The Take Care Clause
15. The Military Power
16. Command of the Armed Forces

 Kulayan vs. Tan, GR No. 187298, July 3, 2012

 Ampatuan vs. Puno, GR No. 190259, June 7,
2011
 Lacson vs. Perez, GR No. 147780, May 10,
2001
 Lagman vs. Pimentel, GR No. 235935
 IBP vs. Zamora, GR No. 141284, August 15,
2000
 Sanlakas vs. Reyes, GR No. 159085, February
3, 2004
 Saez vs. GMA, GR No. 183533, September 25,
2012
 Garcia v. Executive Secretary, July 30, 2012,
GR No. 198554
 Fortun v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 190293,
March 20, 2012
 26

17. Habeas Corpus

18. Martial Law
19. Limitations of Military Powers
20. The Pardoning Power

20.1 Definition

20.1.1 Limitations
20.1.2 Kinds of Pardon
20.1.3 Effects of Pardon
20.1.4 Distinctions
20.1.5 Amnesty

 Llamas vs. Orbos, G.R. No. 99031 October 15,

1991
 Tiu vs. Dizon, GR No. 211269, June 15, 2016
 Monsanto vs. Factoran, GR No. 78239,
February 9, 1989
 Magdalo vs. Comelec, GR No. 190793, June
19, 2012
 Kapunan vs. CA, GR No. 148213, March 13,
2009
 Risos-Vidal vs. Comelec, GR No. 206666,
January 21, 2015
 Espuelas vs. Provincial Warden of Bohol, GR
No. L-13223, May 30, 1960
 Garcia vs. COA, GR No. 75025, September 14,
1993
 Monsanto v. Factoran G.R. 78239, February 9,
1989
 Risos-Vidal v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206666,
January 21, 2015
 Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, G.R. L-1278,
January 21, 1949
 ISABELO T. SABELLO, petitioner,vs.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND
 27

SPORTS, respondents., G.R. No. 87687

December 26, 1989
 People vs. Salle, [G.R. No. 103567. December
4, 1995.]
 Vera v. People, 7 SCRA 152 (1963)

21. The Borrowing Power

22. The Diplomatic Power

 Akbayan vs. Aquino, GR 170516, July 16,

2008
 Nicolas v. Romulo, G.R. No. 175888, Feb. 11,
2009
 Constantino v. Cuisia, G.R. No. 106064,
October 13, 2005
 Saguisag v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 212426, January
12, 2016,
 Comm. of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading, 3
SCRA 351 (1961)

23. The Budgetary Power

24. The Informing Power

 Cruz v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 138489,

November 29, 2001
 National Amnesty Commission v. Commission
on Audit, G.R. No. 156982 (2004)

X. Judicial Department

1. Independence. of the Judiciary

2. Judicial Power

 IBP vs. Zamora, GR No. 141284, August 15, 2000

 Daza vs. Singson, GR No. 86344, December 21,
1989
 Tanada vs. Angara, GR No. 118295, May 2, 1997
 28


3. Jurisdiction
4. Appointments

1. Qualifications

5. The Judicial and Bar Council

 Republic v. Sereno, GR 237428, 2018

 Dulay v. Judicial and Bar Council, GR No. 202143,
July 3, 2012
 Citizens Adaza v. President Aquino and JBC, Res.,
GR. No. 202263, July 17, 2012
 Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, GR No.
202242, April 16, 2013
 Jardeleza v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No.
213181, August 19, 2014
 Republic v. Sereno, GR 237428, 2018
 Villanueva v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No.
211833, April 7, 2015.

6. Fiscal Autonomy

 Bengzon vs. Drilon, GR No. 103524, April 15, 1992

 Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 152
SCRA 284
7. Composition of the Supreme Court
8. Requisites of Judicial Inquiry

1. Actual Case
2. Proper Party
3. Earliest Opportunity
4. Necessity of Deciding Constitutional Question

 De Castro vs. JBC, GR No. 191002, April 20, 2010

 Francisco vs. House of Representatives, GR No.
160261
 29

 Macalintal vs. Presidential Electoral Tribunal, Gr

No.
 Pormento vs. Estrada, GR No. 191988, August 31,
2010
 Umali vs JBC, GR No. 228628, July 25, 2017
 Topacio vs. Associate Justice, Gregory S. Ong, GR
No. 179895, December 18, 2008
 Francisco vs. Fernando, GR No. 166501
 Tanada vs. Angara, GR No. 118295, May 2, 1997

9. Effects of Declaration of unconstitutionality

1. Partial Unconstitutionality

 Chavez vs. JBC, GR No. 202242, April 16, 2013



 (1987)
 Kilosbayan v. Ermita, G.R, No. 177721, July 3,
2007

 Imbong v. Ochoa. G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014,

Associate Justice Jose Catral Mendoza
 Oposa v. Factoran. G.R. No. 101083, July 30,
1993, Associate Justice Hilario G. Davide, Jr.]
 Initiatives for Dialogue and Empowerment
through Alternative Legal Services, Inc., v. Power
Sector Assets and Liabilities Management
Corporation, G.R. No.192088, October 9, 2012,
Associate Justice Martin S. Villarama, Jr.]
 Belgica v. Ochoa. G.R. No. 208566, November 19,
2013, Justice Estela M. Perlas-Bernabe
 Bureau of Customs Employees Association v.
Teves. G.R. No. 181704, December 6, 2011,
Associate Justice Martin S. Villarama, Jr.
 Miranda v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 133064, September
16, 1999
 30

 Francisco v. The House of Representatives, 415

SCRA 44 (2003)
 PACU v. Secretary of Education, 97 Phil. 806
(1955)
 Mariano v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 118577, March 7,
1995
 Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 159085,
February 3, 2004
 Joya v. PCGG, G.R. 96541, August 24, 1993
 Tanada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
 Chavez v. PEA and Amari, G.R. 133250, July 9,
2002

 KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, G.R. 115381,

December 23, 1994
 IBP v. Zamora, 338 SCRA 81 (2000)
 Information Technology Foundation of the
Philippines v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 159139, January
13, 2004
 Tolentino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 148334, January
21, 2004.
 Ople v. Torres, 293 SCRA 141 (1998)
 People v. Vera, 65 Phil 56 (1937)
 Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected
Seascape Tanon Strait v. Secretary Reyes,G.R.
No. 180771/181527, April 21, 2015
 Arceta v. Mangrobang, G.R. No. 152895, June 15,
2004
 Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139
(1936)
 Malaga vs. Penachos, [G.R. No. 86695. September
3, 1992.]

XI. Powers of the Supreme Court

 31

1. Original Jurisdiction
2. Appellate Jurisdiction

 Gonzalo Puyat and Sons vs. Ruben Alcaide, GR No.

167952, July 5, 2017
 Planters Products, Inc. vs. Fertiphil, GR No. 166006,
March 14, 2008
3. Temporary Assignment of Judges
4. Change of Venue or Place of Trial
5. Rule making Power
6. Appointment of Court Personnel
7. Administrative Supervision of Courts

 Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, September 26, 2013

RE: hearing against Justice Gregory S. Ong, AM No.
SB-14-21-J, September 23, 2014
 Caoibes vs. Ombudsman, GR No. 132177, July 19,
2001

8. Tenure of Judges
9. Consultations of Cour
10. Decisions of the Court
11. Salaries of Judges
12. Periods for Decision

 Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September

16, 1998
 Carpio-Morales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
217126-27, November 10, 2015
 Meralco v. Pasay Trans Co., 57 Phil. 600 (1932)
 Garcia v. Macaraig, 30 SCRA 106 (1971)
 In re Demetria, A.M. No. 00-7-09-CA, March 27,
2001
 Re: Conrado M. Vasquez, Jr., A.M. No. 08-8-11-CA,
September 09, 2008
 De La Llana v. Alba, 122 SCRA 291 (1982)
 32

XII. The Constitutional Commissions

1. Common Provisions
2. The Civil Service

 Civil Service Commission v. Department of

Budget and Management, G.R. No. 158791, July
22, 2005, Associate Justice Conchita Carpio-
Morales
 Funa v. Duque III, G.R. No. 191672, November 25,
2014, Associate Justice Lucas P. Bersamin
 Republic of the Philippines v. Santos, G.R. No.
180027, July 18, 2012, Associate Justice Jose
Portugal

Standardization of Pay & Ban on Double Compensation

 Art. IX, B, Sec. 13, Art. IX, B, Sec. 5,Art. IX, B, Sec. 8
 Book V, Title I, Chapter 8, Sec. 56 of Admin Code of 1987
 Santos vs. Court of Appeals, GR No. 139792, Nov 22, 2000

Ban on Partisan Political Activities

 Art. IX, B, Sec. 2 (4)

 Trinidad vs. Valle, Jr., AM No. 2258-CFI, July 20, 1981
 Vistan vs. Nicolas, AM No. MTJ-87-79, Sept 13, 1991, Dec
2, 1991
 Art. XVI, Sec. 5 (3)
 Cailles vs. Bonifacio, GR No. L-45937, Feb 25, 1938

Removal or Suspension only for Cause

 Art. IX, B, 2 (3)

 De los Santos vs. Mallare, GR No. L-3881, Aug 31, 1950
 Civil Service Commission vs. Salas, GR No. 123708, June
19, 1997
 33

Right of Self-Organization

 Art. III, Sec. 8, Art. IX, B, Sec. 2 (5)

 Book V, Title I, Subtitle A, Chapter 6, Administrative Code
of 1987
 Alliance of Gov’t Workers vs. Minister of Labor, GR No. L-
60403, Aug 3, 1983

Right to Strike

 SSS Employees Association vs. CA, GR No. 85279, July 28,

1989

EO 180

 Manila Public School Teachers Assn. vs. Laguio, GR No.

95445, Aug 6, 1991

3. The Comelec

 Macalintal vs. Commission on Elections, GR No. 157013,

July 10, 2003
 Cayetano v. Monsod, GR No. 100113, Sept 3, 1991
 Brillantes vs. Yorac, GR No. 93867, Dec 18, 1990
 Matibag vs. Benipayo, GR No. 149036, Apr 2, 2002
 Sanchez v. COMELEC, GR No. L-55513, June 19, 1982
 Pungutan vs. Abubakar, GR No. L-33541, Jan 20, 1972
 G.R. No. 161872 April 13, 2004
 REV. ELLY CHAVEZ PAMATONG, ESQUIRE, petitioner,
vs.
COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, respondent.

Prosecute Election Law Violators

 34

Art. IX, C, Sec. 2 (6), BP Blg. 881, Sec. 265, EO 134, Sec. 11,
February 27, 1987

 People v. Inting, GR No. 88919, July 25, 1990

 Kilosbayan v. Comelec ,GR 128054, Oct 16, 1997
 Deputize Law Enforcement Agents & Recommend Their
Removal
 People vs. Basilla, GR No. 83938-40, Nov 6, 1989

Registration of Parties, Organizations & Coalitions &

Accreditation of Citizens’ Arms

 Atong Paglaum vs. Comelec, Supra

 LDP vs. Comelec, GR No. 161265, Feb 24, 2004

4. Commission on Audit

 Feliciano vs. Commission on Audit, GR No. 147402, Jan 14,

2004
 DBP vs. Commission on Audit, GR No. L-107016, Mar 11,
1994
 Blue Bar Coconut Philippines, Inc. vs. Tantuico, GR No. L-
47051, July 29, 1988
 Phil. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals vs.
COA, GR No. 169752, Sept 25, 2007
 Funa v. Manila Economic and Cultural Office, G.R. No.
193462, February 4, 2014

Prohibition against Exemption from Audit

 Bustamante vs. Commission on Audit, GR No. 103309, Nov

27, 1992

Audit by Private Auditor

 Development Bank of the Philippines vs. Commission on

Audit, GR No. 88435, Jan 16, 2002
 35

 The Special Audit Team, Commission on Auditv. Court of

Appeals, G.R. No. 174788, April 11, 2013

XIII. Transitory Provisions

XIV. Current Concerns:

Suggested References:
1. Political Law Cruz and Cruz

2. Constitutional Law Cruz and Cruz

3. Other Commentaries/Textbook on the Constitution
5. Relevant laws and Issuances/Course Outline