Solved Example.

Question 1.People arrive at a cinema ticket booth in a Poisson distributed

arrival rate of 25per hour. Service rate is exponentially distributed with an
average time of 2 per min.
l = 25 = 5
m = 30 6
Calculate the mean number in the waiting line (Lq), the mean waiting time
(Wq) , the mean number in the system (Ls) , the mean time in the system (Ws)
and the utilization factor?

Ls = 25
30 -25
= 25
5
= 5 persons

Lq = 25/30 X 25
30 – 25
Lq = 0.83 X 25
5
Lq = 20.83
5
Lq = 4.166
Lq = 4 persons

Ws = 1
30 – 25
= 1/ 5
= 0.2 hour X 60 minutes
= 12 minutes

Wq = 25
30
 30 – 25
0.83
5
=0.17 hour X 60 minutes
= 10 minutes

2 minutes give ticket per person

60/2 = he can ticket for 30 customers in a hour

µ, avg customer s served in an hour = 30

λ, avg customers arriving in an hour = 25

λ µ

25 < 30
Calculate the mean number in the waiting line (Lq), the mean waiting time
(Wq) , the mean number in the system (Ls) , the mean time in the system (Ws)
and the utilization factor?

Solution:

Arrival rate λ=25/hr

Service rate µ=

2/min=30/hr

Length of Queue (Lq)= λ 2/ µ(µ- λ)

= 252/(30(30-25))

=4.17 persons

Expected Waiting Time In Queue (Wq) = λ / µ(µ- λ)

=25/(30(30-25))

=1/6 hr= 10 min

Expected Waiting Time In The System (Ws) = 1/ (µ- λ)

=1/(30-25)

=1/5hr= 12 min

Utilization Ratio = λ /µ

=25/30

=0.8334 = 83.34%
Question 2. Assume that at a bank teller window the customer arrives at a
average rate of 20 per hour according to poission distribution. the bank teller
takes 2 minutes to serve a customer. Assume also that the bank teller spends an
distributed customers who arrive from an infinite population are served on a
first come first services basis and there is no limit to possible queue length.
l = 20 customers in an hour, m= 2 customers per minute 60/2 = 30 customers
per hour, l< m

1. what is the value of utilization factor?

Utilization Ratio = λ /µ
= 20/30 = 0.67 X 100 = 67%

2. What is the expected waiting time in the system per customer?

Ws = 1

30 – 20

= 1/10 = 0.1 hour X 60 minutes

= 6 minutes

3.what is the probability of zero customer in the system?

p = l/m

Pn = pn(1-p)
P0 = p0(1 -p)
P0 = 1-p
= 1 - 20
30
= 1 – 0.67
= 0.33
There is a very less chance to have zero customers in the queuing system

Solution:

Arrival rate λ=20 customer per hour

Service rate µ= 30 customer per hour

1.Utilization Ratio = λ /µ
 = 20/30 = 2/3

2. Expected Waiting Time In The System (Ws) = 1/ (µ- λ)

=1/(30-20)

=1/10 hour = 6 min

3. Probability of zero customers in the system P0 = 1 – P

=1- 2/3 = 1/3

Question 3 : ABC company has one hob regrinding machine. The hobs needing
grinding are sent from company’s tool crib to this machine which is operated
one shift per day of 8 hours duration. It takes on the average half an hour to
regrind a hob. The arrival of hobs is random with an average of 8 hobs per
shift or day.
l = 1average arrival per hour 8 hours/8 m= 2 average service per hour, 30
minutes 60/30 = 2
l = 1, m =2

1. Calculate the present utilization of hob regrinding machine. l/m

½ = 0.5 or 50%
2. What is average time for the hob to be in the regrinding section?
Ws = 1/ (µ- λ)

= 1/ (2-1)

= 1/ 1

= 1 hour

Wq = p

m- l
Wq = l/m
m -l

= 1/2
2–1
= 0.5/1
= 0.5 hour X 60 minutes
= 30 minutes
 3. The management is prepared to recruit another grinding operator when
the utilization of the machine increases to 80%. What should the arrival
rate of hobs then be?

Solution: : Let us calculate arrival rate and service rate per shift of 8 hours.

Arrival rate λ=8 shift

Service rate µ=8x60/30=16 /shift

1. Percentage of the time the machine is busy

Pb =arrival rate/service
rate=8/16=0.50=50%
2. Average time for the hob to be in the grinding section.

i.e., average time in the queue system=ws

ws = 1/( µ- λ)=1/16-8=1/8 shift=1/8x8=1 hour

3. Let λ’ =arrival rate for which utilization of the machine will be 80%,
Therefore, Pb’ = λ’ / µ
i.e., λ’ = Pb’ . µ=0.80x16=12.8 per shift.

Question: 4

(a) calculate expected number of persons in the system if average waiting time
pf a customer is 45 or more than 45 minutes .

b) if service rate is same.

c) if arrival rate is same.

Solution:-(a)expected no. of persons in a system(Ls )=λ/μ- λ

=45/65-45

=9/4

=3/4=1/65-

λ λ =191/3
(b)Ws= 1/ μ –λ=1/65-45

=1/20 x60/1=3

mins. (c)ws =1/ μ- λ=1/6-4

= 3/4=1/ μ-45

=3 μ-135=4

=3 μ=139

μ =46.33

Question: 5 In a factory, the machines break down and require service

according to a poission Distribuation at the average of per day. What is the
probability that exactly six Machines.

Solution : Given λ = 4, n = 6, t = 2

p P(n,t) = (6,4) when λ = 4

We know, p (n,t) = (λt)n e-λt/ n!

p(6,2) = (4×2)6 e-4×2/ 6!

=86 e-8/720

=0.1221

Question 6 On an average , 6 customer arrive in a coffee shop per hour.

Determine the probability that Exactly 3 customers will reach in a 30 minute
period, assuming that the arrivals follow poisson Distribution.

Solution:

Given, λ = 6 customers / hour

t = 30 minutes = 0.5 hour

 n=2

we know, p(n,t) = (λt)n e-λt/n!

p(6,2) = (6×0.5)2 e-6×0.5/2!

= 0.22404

Question 7 In a bank with a single sever, there are two chairs for waiting
customers. On an average one customer arrives 12 minutes and each
customer takes 6 minutes for getting served. Make suitable assumption, find
l = 5 avg customers per hour 60/12 , m = 10 avg customers per hour 60/6

(i) The probability for 3 customers in queue Pn = pn (1-p)

0.5 3(1 – 0.5)
=0.125 X 0.5
= 0.0625 probability to have 3 persons in the queue
(ii) Expected waiting time of a customer in the system. Ws= 1/ μ –λ
= 1/ 10 – 5= 1/ 5 = 0.2 hour X 60 minutes = 12 minutes
(iii) Probability for zero customers, P0 = 1 – p
= 1 – 5/10
= 1 – 0.5
= 0.5 probability to have zero customer

Solution following assumption are made for solving the given queuing
problem :

1. The arrival rate is randomly distributed according to poission

distribution.
2. The mean value of the arrival rate is λ .
3. The services time distribution approximated by an exponiential
distribution and a nmean rate of services is μ.
4. The rate of services is greather than the rate of arrival (μ>λ)
5. The queue discipline id FIFO.
 Arrival rate λ= 12min or 5 customer / hr

Services rate μ = 6 min or 10 customer/ hr

λ/μ = 5/10 = ½

there are two chairs including services one.

(i) The probality that an arrival get a chair to seat on is given by:
Pn (n<=2) = 1- Pn(n>2)
1-(λ/μ)3
1-(1/2)3 = 7/8
(II) The probability that an arrival will have to stand is given by
1-(P0+p1+P2)
= 1-(7/8)= 1/8

(III)Expected waiting time of a customer in the queue is given by

Wq =λ/μ(μ-λ)
=5/10(10-5) = 1/(2*5) hr = 6 min

Question 8 A television repairman finds that the time spent on his jobs has an
expontial distribution with a mean of 30 minutes. If he repairs sets in the order
in which they came in, and if the arrival of sets follow a passion distribution
approximately with an average rate of 10 per 8- hour day, what is the
repairman’s expected idle time each day? How many jobs are ahead of the
average set just brought in?

Solution from data of problem, we have

Λ= 10/8=5/4 set per hour; and μ=(1/30)60= 2set per hour

(i) Expected idle time of repairmen each day

Number of hour for a repairman remains busy in 8 hour day( traffic
intensity) is given by
(8) (λ/μ)=(8) (5/8)= 5 hour
Hence , the idle time for a repairman in an 8 hour day will be : (8-5)
=3 hour
(ii) Expected (or average) number of TV set in the system
 LS = λ/μ-λ = 5/4/2-(5/4)
=5/3
=2 (APPROX) T.V sets

Unsolved question

Question 1 Calculate expected number of person in the system. If average

waiting time of customer is 30 min or more than 30 min , then services
provider starts another windows .
Calculate Arrival rate if service rate is same .
Calculate service rate if arrival rate is same.

(answer: Ws=1/5 hr,

λ =13
 µ = 2)

Question 2 At a certain petrol pump , Customer arrive according to a passion

process with a average time at 5 min between the arrivals. The service time is
exponential distribution with mean 2 mins on the basic of this information.

Find out:-

a. Traffic intensity
b. What would be the average quieting length?
c. What is the expected number of customer at petrol pump?
d. What is the expected number time one spend at petrol pump?
e. What would we expected waiting time?
f. What would be the proportion time the petrol pump is idle?

Answer

a. 0.4
b. 0.26
c. 0.66
d. 0.02
e. 0.05
f. 0.6

Question3. The machines in production shop breakdown at an average of 2 per

hour. The non productive time of any machine costs rs.30 per hour. If the cost
of repairman is Rs.50 per hour.

Calculate:
a. Number of machines not working at any point of time.
b. Average time that a machine is waiting for the repairman.
c. Cost of non-productive time of the machine operator.
 d. Expected cost of system per hour.

Answer. a:: 2 machines

b :- 2/3 hours

c: Rs. 60

d: Rs.110

Question 4.In a bank cheques are cashed at a single ‘teller’ counter.

Customers arrived at the counter in a Poisson manner at and average
rate of 30 customers /hour. The teller takes on an average, a minute and a
half to cash cheque. The service time has been shown to be exponentially
distributed

a) Calculate the percentage of time the teller is busy.

b) Calculate the average time a person is expected to wait.

Answer

a)3/4

b) 6 minutes

Question 5 Telephone users arrive at a booth following a Poisson distribution

with an average time of 5 minutes between one arrival and the next. The time
taken for a telephone call is on a average 3 minutes and it follows an
exponential distribution. What is the probability that the booth is busy? How
many more booths should be established to reduce the waiting time less than or
equal to half of the present waiting time.

Answer a)0.6

b)wq=3/40hrs

.
Question 6 Assume that goods trains are coming in a yard @ 30 trains per day
and suppose that the inter arrival times follow an exponential distribution . the
service time for each train is assumed to be exponential with an average of 36
minutes if the yard can admit 9 trains at a time(there being 10 lines one of
which is reserved for shunting purpose).calculate the probability that the yard
is empty and find the average queue length.

Answer

λ=1/48

μ=λ/16

p=0.75

Po=o.2

Lq=1.5

Question 7 At what average rate must a clerk at a supermarket in order to

ensure a probability of 0.90 so that the customer will not wait longer than 12
minutes ? It is assumed that there is only one counter at which customers
arrive in a Poisson fashion at an average rate of 15/hour. The length of
service by the clerk has an exponential distribution.

Answer: 2.48 minutes /service

Question 8 The beta company ‘s quality control deptt. Is managed by a single

clerk, who takes an average 5 minutes in checking part of each of the machine
coming for inspection. The machine arrive once in every 10 min. on the
average one hour of the machine is valued at Rs 25 and cost for the clerk
is at rs 5 per hour. What are the average hourly queueing system cost
associated with the quality control department.

Answer Rs 30 per hour