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Tutorial 04 Streamflow

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8 views

Tutorial 04 Streamflow

Hydrology engineering tutorials

Uploaded by

harshtiwarimgs12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Civil Engineering Department

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee


CEN-204: Engineering Hydrology

Tutorial 04: Streamflow Measurement

Max Marks: 100, 10 marks for each question Dated: 17-Mar-2023


Due on Your tutorial day in the week beginning April 03

Q4.1: A) What are hydrometeorological data networks and why these are set up? B) List the steps
in the design of hydrometeorological networks.

Q4.2: a) List six factors that influence the selection of a site for a stream gauging station? Also,
write the importance of each of these. B) List at least six users of hydrological data.

Q4.3: What do you understand by “River Stage”? Describe one manual and one automatic
method to measure river stage.

Q4.4: In a river cross-section, how does a) the flow depth varies in lateral direction, and b) velocity
varies in lateral and vertical directions ? How these variations are accounted for in discharge
measurement ? Explain by using hand-drawn neat labelled diagrams.

Q4.5: Explain the area-velocity method of discharge measurement with the help of a diagram.

Q4.6: To measure discharge, the cross-section of a river was divided into 6 segments of 2.0 m
width each. Average depths and velocities for segments are given in the table below. Compute
discharge in river. If some data looks doubtful, explain why it is doubtful, correct it using hydrologic
judgement, and use the corrected data.

Segment # Average Velocity (m/s) at


depth (m) 0.2d 0.6d 0.8d
1 0.3 0.94
2 0.6 0.72 0.70
3 1.1 1.15 1.10
4 0.9 1.09 0.98
5 0.65 0.64 0.68
6 0.35 0.42

Q4.7: (a) Briefly explain the tracer dilution method of discharge estimation. (b) A solution of tracer
(whose background concentration in the stream was zero) with concentration of 25 gm/liter was
injected into a stream at a constant rate of 15 cm3/s. At a sufficiently distant downstream section,
the tracer had attained equilibrium concentration of 5 parts per billion. Estimate the discharge in
the stream?
Q4.8 A stream has a rectangular cross-section with base width of 8 m in a reach of 6 km. During
a flood, high water levels at the ends of the reach are as follows:

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CEN-204 – Tut 04
Section Water-Surface Area of cross Wetted perimeter Remarks
elevation (m) section (m2) (m)

A 102.7 201 70.0 A is upstream of B

B 101.2 197 63.0

Assume Manning’s n = 0.022. Compute the corresponding discharge in the stream by use
of the Slope-Area method.

Q4.9: A) Explain with the help of a diagram, what is a stage-discharge rating curve? B) Twenty
pairs of stage-discharge data are available at a gauging site. Plot the data and fit a Rating Curve
of power equation type. Assume H0 = 93.5 m. Comment on the goodness of fit.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
H (m) 94.65 95.49 96.07 96.285 96.86 97.72 97.105 95.55 95.192 95.185
Q m3/s 138.6 165.2 225.12 359.62 720.2 742.6 610.1 279.95 203.15 190.3

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
H (m) 95.07 94.87 94.915 94.921 94.82 96.7 97.21 100.23 103.65 100.24
Q m3/s 170.8 136.36 159.75 170.12 148.1 632.5 879.91 2738.5 3600.4 2744.1

Q4.10 A) Using relevant sketch, explain what is a flow duration curve and what are its uses? B)
What is the concept of “dependable flows”? What do you understand by 75% dependable flow in
a river ?

Self-study assignment
Study about recent advances in river flow measurement by using satellite data, ADCP, etc.

***

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CEN-204 – Tut 04

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