Number System Note :- 1 is neither prime nor composite.

3
24 = 2 × 3 ,
1

(10). Co - prime number : Two numbers 0 1 2 3

Basics of Number System Sum of all factors = (2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) ×
are called Co-prime numbers if their HCF 0 1
www.CSSExamDesk.com is 1. (3 + 3 ) = 15 × 4 = 60.
Example : (2 and 3), (6 and 11).
(1). Face Value: It is nothing but the Number of even factors of a number : To
Note : Two prime numbers are always
number itself about which it has been find the number of even factors of a
co-prime numbers to each other. Any two
asked. number, we add +1 to the exponents of
consecutive integers are always co-prime
Eg: In the number 23576, face value of 5 prime numbers except 2.
number to each other.
is 5 and face value of 7 is 7. (Note : If a number doesn't have 2 as its
(11). Triangular number : The triangular factor it will have 0 even factors)
(2). Place Value: The place value of a Que. Find the number of even factors of
number sequence is the representation
number depends on its position in the 120.
of the numbers in the form of an
number. Each position has a value 10n, 3 1 1
equilateral triangle arranged in a series Ans. 120 = 2 × 3 × 5
the places to its right.
or sequence. Number of even factors = 3 × (1 + 1) ×
Eg: In the number 23576, place value of 5
These numbers are in a sequence of 1, 3, (1 + 1) = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12
is 500 and place value of 3 is 3000.
6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, and so on.
Note :- To find the sum of even factors,
Types of Numbers 0
we shall ignore 2 ,
(1). Natural Numbers (N) :
All positive counting numbers. (0 is not Que. Find the sum of even factors of 120.
1 2 3
included in it.) Sol:-Sum of even factors = (2 + 2 + 2 )
Examples: 1, 2, 3, 4 … etc. 0 1 0 1
(3 + 3 )(5 + 5 ) = 14 × 4 × 6 = 336.

(2). Whole Numbers (W): All non- 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)

Formula : Number and Sum of odd factors of a
2
negative numbers are all whole numbers. number : to find the number and sum of
Where n is the sequence of the number
Examples: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4… etc. odd factors of a number, we have to
i.e. n = 1, 2, 3………..so on
(3). Integer Numbers (I): All positive Example : for finding seventh triangular ignore the exponents of 2.
numbers and negative numbers number put n = 7
Que. Find the number of odd factors 120.
including zero. Positive numbers are So seventh triangular number 3 1 1
called positive integers and negative 7(7+1) 7(8) Sol:- 120 = 2 × 3 × 5
= = = 28 Required number = (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 4
numbers are called negative integers. 2 2
I = ….. , -4, - 3, - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 …... The exponent Number system of 2 is
Factors - CSS Exam Desk completely ignored.
(4). Even Numbers Sum of odd factors of 120 = (3 + 3 )
0 1

2, 4, 6, 8, 10….. [Divisible by 2 completely] The factors of a number are the numbers 0 1

that divide it completely without leaving (5 +5 ) = 4 × 6 = 24
(5). Odd Numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11….. [Not any remainder.
Some Important Results of Factors:
divisible by 2 completely]
Example : 24 can be completely divided 1001 = 7 × 11 × 13
(6). Rational Numbers : Numbers whose by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24, so these 1001 × abc = abcabc
exact value can be determined. numbers are factors of 24. 1001 × 234 = 234234
3 4
Examples : = 0.75, = 0.8 Que: Which of the following is a factor of
4 5 Prime factorisation of a number : When
a number is written in the form of 531531?
(7). Irrational Numbers : Numbers whose multiplication of its prime factors, it's (a) 15 (b) 13 (c) 11 (d) both b and c
exact value cannot be determined. called prime factorisation.
22 Sol:- 531531 = 1001 × 531
Example : π = = 3.142857142857 … Prime factorisation of 24.
7 = 7 × 11 × 13 × 531 So, both 11 and 13
are factors of 531531.
(8). Prime number : A number which is 111 = 37 × 3 , 1001 × 111 = 111111,
divisible by 1 and itself. 2 is only an even When a single digit is written 6 times, 3,
prime number. 7, 11, 13, and 37 are factors of it.
Example : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, etc. 24 → 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 or 2 × 3
3 1

Note:- Que. Which of the following is a factor of

Page No. 01 | CSS Exam Desk

Total prime no. between 1 - 50 ⇒ 15 Number of factors : To find the number 222222 ?
Total prime no. between 1 - 100 ⇒ 25 of factors we write the number in the (a) 17 (b) 57 (c) 68 (d) 74
Total prime no. between 1 - 500 ⇒ 95 form of prime factors and then add +1 to
Total prime no. between 1 - 1000 ⇒ 168 the exponent of prime factors and Sol:- 222222 = 2 × 111111
multiply them. = 2 × 3 × 7 × 11 × 13 × 37
(9). Composite number : If we remove all 3 1 Clearly, 2 × 37 = 74 is one of the factors.
For example: 24 = 2 × 3
prime numbers from natural numbers
Number of factors of 24 → (3 + 1)(1 + 1)
then whatever is left is called Composite Recurring Decimal
= 4 × 2 = 8.
numbers.
With the help of an example, we try to Recurring decimals are referred to as
Example : 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 etc.
find the sum of all factors of a number.
 numbers that are uniformly repeated BY 17 :-The divisibility rule of 17 states, the above expression.
after the decimal. Some rational "If the difference between 5 times Example:
numbers produce recurring decimals the last digit and the rest is either 0 or 8 × 15 × 23 × 17 × 25 × 22 =
after converting them into decimal multiple of 17, then the number is 3 1 1
2 × (3 × 5 ) × 23 × 17 × 5 × 2 × 11
2 1

numbers, but all irrational numbers divisible by 17". In this expression there are 4 twos and 3
produce recurring decimals after Like 221: 22 − 1 × 5 = 17. fives. From this 3 pairs of 5×2 can be
converting them into decimal form. formed. Therefore, there will be 3 zeros
Examples : Prime Number Test in the final product.
1
(1) = 0.3333333 ….. = 0.3 For finding whether any number is a
3 Que. Find the number of zeros in the
22 prime number or not, we need to find the value of:
(2) = 3.142857142857 …
7 nearest square root of given number, 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
2 × 5 × 4 × 10 × 6 × 15 ×8
= 3.142857 then we need to find out whether the 16 18 20
given number is divisible by any prime × 20 × 10 × 25 .
9
(3) 0.9 = =1 number less than the obtained number or
9
Sol:-
5327 − 53 5274 not. If it is divisible then it is not a prime
(4) 0.5327 = = 2 4
2 × 5 × 4 × 10 × 6
6 8 10
× 15
12
×8
14
9900 9900 number and if not divisible then it is a
16 18 20
prime number. × 20 × 10 × 25 =
Divisibility Test Example : Find whether 177 is a prime 2 4 12 8 8 10 10 12
2 ×5 ×2 ×2 ×5 ×2 ×3 ×3
number or not. 12 42 32 16 18 18 40
By 2:- When last digit is 0 or an even ×5 ×2 ×2 ×5 ×2 ×5 ×5
Soln : Nearest square root of 177 is 13.
number eg: 520, 588 Zeros are possible with a combination of
Now we need to check whether 177 is
2×5
By 3:- Sum of digits is divisible by 3 divisible by prime numbers less than 13.
Here the number of 5’s are less so the
eg: 1971, 1974 On checking we find that 177 is divisible
number of zeros will be limited to the
by 3. Hence, 177 is not a prime number.
number of 5’s.
By 4:- When last two digits are divisible
Important Formulas In this expression number of fives are:
by 4 or, they are zeros eg: 1528, 1700 4 8 12 16 18 40
5 ×5 ×5 ×5 ×5 ×5 ;
By 5 :- When last digit is 0 or 5 1. Sum of first n natural number i.e. 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 + 18 + 40 = 98
eg: 1725, 1790 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
s=
2 The number of Zeros in n!
By 6 :- When the number is divisible by 2 2. Sum of first n odd numbers = 𝑛
2

and 3 both. eg: 36, 72 To find the number of zeros in n!, we

3. Sum of first n even numbers divide “n” by 5 until we get a number less
By 7 : - Subtract twice the last digit from = 𝑛 (𝑛 + 1 ) than 5, and then we add all the quotients
the number formed by the remaining so obtained.
4. Sum of square of first n natural
digits. Like 651 divisible by 7
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
65 - (1 × 2) = 63. Since 63 is divisible by numbers = Que. Find the number of zeros in 36! .
6
7, so is 651. 5. Sum of cubes of first n natural
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2
By 8 :- When the last three digits are number = ( )
2
divisible by 8. eg: 2256 𝑚 𝑚
6. (𝑥 − 𝑎 ) is divisible by (𝑥 − 𝑎) for
By 9 :- When sum of digit is divisible by 9 every natural number m. The number of zeros = 7 + 1 = 8.
eg: 9216
𝑚 𝑚
7. (𝑥 − 𝑎 ) is divisible by (𝑥 + 𝑎) for Remainder Theorem
By 10 :- When the last digit is 0. eg: even values of m.
452600 Que. What will be the remainder when
𝑚 𝑚
8. (𝑥 + 𝑎 ) is divisible by (𝑥 + 𝑎) for 17 × 23 is divided by 12?
By 11:- When the difference between the odd values of m.
sum of odd and even place digits is Ans :- We can write:
equal to 0 or multiple of 11 eg: 217382 9. Number of prime factors of 17 × 23 = 12 + 5 × 12 + 11
Sum of odd place digits = 2 + 7 + 8 = 17 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑠
𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 , 𝑑 is 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 + 𝑠 when a, = 12 × 12 + 12 × 11 + 5 × 12 + 5 × 11
Sum of even place digits = 1 + 3 + 2 = 6 b, c, d are all prime numbers. In the above expression we will find that
17 – 6 = 11, hence 217382 is divisible by remainder will depend on the last term
i.e. 5 × 11
Page No. 02 | CSS Exam Desk

11. Number of Zeros in an expression

5 × 11
Now, 𝑟𝑒𝑚.( ) = 7.
By 13 : - If adding four times the last We shall understand this concept with 12
digit to the number formed by the the help of an example. 12 × 12 + 12 × 11 + 5 × 12 + 5 × 11
So,
remaining digits is divisible by 13, then Let’s find the number of zeros in the 12
the number is divisible by 13. Like 1326 following expression: 24 × 32 × 17 × 23 5 × 11
and remainder is same in both
is divisible by 13 × 19 = (23 × 31) × 25 × 17 × 23 × 19 12
132 + (6 × 4) = 156. Repeat the same Notice that a zero is made only when cases which is 7.
process for 156 . there is a combination of 2 and 5. Since Compiled and Edited by Aamir Mahar
15 + (6 × 4) = 39.so 39 is divisible by 13 there is no ‘5’ here there will be no zero in