Get Apache Essentials: Install, Configure, Maintain 2nd Edition Darren James Harkness Free All Chapters

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 49

Full download ebooks at https://ebookmeta.

com

Apache Essentials: Install, Configure, Maintain


2nd Edition Darren James Harkness

For dowload this book click link below


https://ebookmeta.com/product/apache-essentials-install-
configure-maintain-2nd-edition-darren-james-harkness/

OR CLICK BUTTON

DOWLOAD NOW
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level History Workbook 2C - Depth


Study: the United States, 1919-41 2nd Edition Benjamin
Harrison

https://ebookmeta.com/product/cambridge-igcse-and-o-level-
history-workbook-2c-depth-study-the-united-states-1919-41-2nd-
edition-benjamin-harrison/

ABAP in Eclipse: Install, Configure, Use, and Enhance


Your ADT 1st Edition ■ukasz P■giel

https://ebookmeta.com/product/abap-in-eclipse-install-configure-
use-and-enhance-your-adt-1st-edition-lukasz-pegiel/

Primary Mathematics 3A Hoerst

https://ebookmeta.com/product/primary-mathematics-3a-hoerst/

Computational Physics 2nd Edition Darren Walker Phd

https://ebookmeta.com/product/computational-physics-2nd-edition-
darren-walker-phd/
How to DeFi Beginner 2nd Edition Darren Lau

https://ebookmeta.com/product/how-to-defi-beginner-2nd-edition-
darren-lau/

Scottish Evidence Law Essentials 4th Edition James


Chalmers

https://ebookmeta.com/product/scottish-evidence-law-
essentials-4th-edition-james-chalmers/

Apache Axis2 Web Services 2nd Edition Deepal Jayasinghe


Afkham Azeez

https://ebookmeta.com/product/apache-axis2-web-services-2nd-
edition-deepal-jayasinghe-afkham-azeez-3/

Apache Axis2 Web Services 2nd Edition Deepal Jayasinghe


Afkham Azeez

https://ebookmeta.com/product/apache-axis2-web-services-2nd-
edition-deepal-jayasinghe-afkham-azeez-2/

Apache Axis2 Web Services 2nd Edition Deepal Jayasinghe


Afkham Azeez

https://ebookmeta.com/product/apache-axis2-web-services-2nd-
edition-deepal-jayasinghe-afkham-azeez/
Apache Essentials

Install, Configure, Maintain

Second Edition

Darren James Harkness

Apache Essentials: Install, Configure, Maintain

Darren James Harkness

Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-8323-3

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-8324-0

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8324-0

Copyright © 2022 by Darren James Harkness

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the


Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other
physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.

Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book.


Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a
trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and
images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the
trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service


marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is
not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they
are subject to proprietary rights.

While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true
and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the
editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any
errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no
warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained
herein.

Managing Director, Apress Media LLC: Welmoed Spahr

Acquisitions Editor: Divya Modi

Development Editor: James Markham

Coordinating Editor: Divya Modi

Copyeditor: Kim Burton

Cover designed by eStudioCalamar

Cover image designed by Freepik (www.freepik.com)

Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer


Science+Business Media New York, 1 New York Plaza, New York, NY
10004. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail orders-
[email protected], or visit www.springeronline.com. Apress
Media, LLC is a California LLC and the sole member (owner) is
Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc).
SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation.

For information on translations, please e-mail


[email protected]; for reprint, paperback, or
audio rights, please e-mail [email protected].

Apress titles may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or


promotional use. eBook versions and licenses are also available for
most titles. For more information, reference our Print and eBook Bulk
Sales web page at http://www.apress.com/bulk-sales.

Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the


author in this book is available to readers on GitHub
(https://github.com/Apress). For more detailed information, please
visit http://www.

apress.com/source-code.

Printed on acid-free paper

To my own essentials, Chance and Kirsten

Table of Contents

About the Author


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������� xi About the Technical Reviewer
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
����������������� xiii Acknowledgments
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������xv Introduction
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
��������������xvii Chapter 1: Getting Started with
Apache
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
����� 1
How Web Servers Work
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������� 1

The HyperText Transfer Protocol


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������ 2

A (Very) Brief History of Apache


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������� 3

Before You Begin…


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������� 5

Keep Notes
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�� 5

Get Familiar with Your Terminal


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�� 5
Be Prepared to Read Documentation
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������������ 6

What to Know Before Installing


Apache����������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������������ 6

Using the Right Development Environment


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������� 8

Apache vs� Other Web Servers


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
��������� 9

Choosing Apache Over Nginx


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������ 9

Apache over npm start for Node Development


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������� 10

Obtaining Apache
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
��������������������������� 11
Installing Apache on macOS
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���������� 11

Installing Apache Through Homebrew


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������� 12

Running Apache as a Service Through Homebrew


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�� 14

Installing Apache on Linux


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������� 15

Choosing the Source Installation


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
����������������������������� 17

The Benefit of Binary Installation


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���������������������������� 19

Installing on Windows
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������� 20
v

Table of ConTenTs

Installing Apache Through XAMPP


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
� 21

Installing Apache as a Service in Windows


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������� 22

Basic Configuration
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������������ 23

Where to Put Your Website Files


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���� 23

Configuration Directory Structure


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�� 24

httpd�conf/apache2�conf
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���������� 25

mime�types
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
26

Configuring a Default Site


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������� 26

Summing It Up
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
28

Chapter 2: Configuration Essentials


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
��������� 29

How Apache’s Configuration Is Structured


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������� 29

Where Do I Find Modules?


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������� 32

Installing Modules
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������� 33

Adding File Types


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���������������������� 33

Configuring Modules
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���������������� 34

All About Directives


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������������ 34

Directive Configuration
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������ 34

DocumentRoot /var/www
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������� 34

Configuring Your Primary Apache Site


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������� 36

Creating the New Directory


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������ 37

Updating Your Apache Configuration


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
����������������������� 38

Using �htaccess Files


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
��������������������� 42

Other Configuration Options You Should Know


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������� 43

Rewriting URLs
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������������� 43
Creating Custom Error Messages
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���������������������������� 50

Authenticating Users Through Apache


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������� 54

Adding New File


Types�����������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
���������������� 57

Including External Configuration Files


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������� 57

Applying Changes
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������� 58

Summing It Up
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
58

vi

Table of ConTenTs
Chapter 3: Configuring Virtual Hosts
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������� 59

A Quick and Dirty Guide to Domains


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
����������������������������� 60

What Are Virtual Hosts?


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������ 61

Creating Development Domains


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
�������������������������������
����� 62

Using the hosts File to Manage Local Domains


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������� 62

Using ngrok to Manage Local Domains


�������������������������������
�������������������������������
������������������� 63

Setting up a Subdomain Pointing to Your Local


Environment��������������������������
���������������������� 64
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The botanist's
repository for new and rare plants; vol. 03 & 04 [of 10]
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

Title: The botanist's repository for new and rare plants; vol. 03 & 04
[of 10]

Author: active 1799-1828 Henry Cranke Andrews

Release date: February 9, 2024 [eBook #72911]

Language: English

Original publication: London: The author, 1797

Credits: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at


https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
generously made available by Biodiversity Heritage Library.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANIST'S


REPOSITORY FOR NEW AND RARE PLANTS; VOL. 03 & 04 [OF 10]
***
Volume III.
Index to Volume III
Errata Volume III.
Volume IV.
Index to Volume IV
Errata Volume IV.
Vol. 3.
of the
Botanist’s Repository
Comprising
Colour’d Engravings

of

New and Rare Plants

ONLY

With Botanical Descriptions &c.

——in——

Latin and English,

after the

Linnæan System.

by

H. Andrews

Botanical Painter Engraver, &c.


PLATE CXLV.

HILLIA LONGIFLORA.

Long-Flowered Hillia.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium hexaphyllum; foliolis oblongis, acutis, erectis.


Corolla monopetala; tubus cylindricus, longissimus; limbus sexfidus;
laciniis oblongis, planis.
Stamina. Filamenta sex, brevissima. Antheræ oblongæ, erectæ, intra
faucem corollæ.
Pistillum. Germen inferum, oblongum, obsolete hexagonum. Stylus
filiformis, longitudine tubi. Stigma capitatum.
Pericarpium oblongum, compressum, biloculare.
Semina numerosa, minima.
Empalement. Cup six-leaved; leaflets oblong, sharp pointed and upright.
Blossom one petal, tube cylindrical, very long; border six-cleft; segments
oblong, flat.
Chives. Threads six very short. Tips oblong, upright, within the mouth of
the blossom.
Pointal. Seed-bud beneath oblong, slightly six-sided. Shaft thread-
shaped, the length of the tube. Summit headed.
Seed-vessel oblong, flattened and two celled.
Seeds many, very small.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hillia corollis sexfidis, laciniis lanceolatis, supra convexis; foliis ovatis,
acutis, glabris.
Hillia with blossoms six cleft, segments lance-shaped, convex above;
leaves egg-shaped, pointed and smooth.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A flower cut open, to expose the number and situation of the


Chives.
2. The Shaft and its summit, natural size, placed by the flower, to
shew its proportional length to the tube.
3. The Seed-bud, with the leaflets of the Empalement attached, cut
transversely, to shew the division of the cells in the center.
This species of Hillia was first introduced to our gardens in the year 1789,
from the Island of Barbadoes, sent in plants, by Mr. J. Elcock, to Messrs. Lee
and Kennedy, Hammersmith. Originally this shrub was specifically termed,
parasitica by professor Jacquin, when he first formed, and titled the Genus,
after Dr. J. Hill, of voluminous memory; from a supposition that it was to be
found growing, only, upon some other plant; a circumstance, which being
denied by Swartz, he has altered it to longiflora. We have followed the latter
name that ours may go in unison with the author of the last Species
plantarum now publishing by Willdenow, as well as professor Martyn, who
in his edition of Miller’s Dictionary has followed Swartz; they appearing to
be the most accurate, as well as the most read and followed of any modern
Botanical authorities. It is a tender hot-house plant, strikes easily from
cuttings, thrives in rich mould and flowers about the end of February. To the
Right Hon. Lord Viscount Valentia we are indebted, for the specimen from
which our figure was taken, sent from his Lordship’s famed collection at
Arley near Bewdley, Staffordshire; where, we believe, it has flowered for the
first time in England.
PLATE CXLVI.

PSORALEA ACULEATA.

Prickly Psoralea.

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.


DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Chives in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, tuberculis punctatum, quinquesidum;


laciniis acutis, æqualibus, persistentibus; infima duplo longiore.
Corolla papilionacea, pentapetala.
Vexillum subrotundum, emarginatum, assurgens.
Alœ lunulatæ, obtusæ, parvæ.
Carina dipetala, lunulata, obtusa.
Stamina. Filamenta diadelpha (simplex setaceum et novem coalita),
adscendentia. Antheræ subrotundæ.
Pistillum. Germen lineare. Stylus subulatus, adscendens, longitudine
staminum. Stigma obtusum.
Pericarpium. Legumen longitudine calycis, compressum, adscendens,
acuminatum.
Semen unicum, reniforme.
Empalement. Cup one leaf, dotted over with small tubercles, and five-
cleft; the segments equal and remaining, the lower one twice the length of
the others.
Blossom butterfly-shaped, five petalled.
Standard nearly round, notched at the end, turned upwards.
Wings half-moon-shaped, obtuse, small.
Keel two-petalled, half-moon-shaped, obtuse.
Chives. Threads in two sets (a single one like a bristle, and nine united),
ascending. Tips nearly round.
Pointal. Seed-bud linear. Shaft awl-shaped, ascending, the length of the
chives. Summit blunt.
Seed-vessel. A pod the length of the cup, flattened, ascending, and
tapered to the point.
Seed, one, kidney-shaped.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Psoralea foliis ternatis, minimis, confertissimis, recurvatis, in spinulam


desinentibus.
Psoralea with three-leafletted leaves, very small, very crowded, bent
back, and ending in a small spine.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.
2. The Standard of a Blossom.
3. One of the Wings of the same.
4. The two Petals of the Keel.
5. The Chives, a little magnified.
The Prickly Psoralea is not a new plant in our collections; for, it was first
introduced by Mr. F. Masson to the Royal Gardens at Kew, as we learn from
the Catalogue, in the year 1774. But although so long a sojourner with us, it
is not found in many collections, owing to the difficulty in its increase, as it
seldom ripens its seeds; and cuttings, the only remaining method, but seldom
succeed; although by taking them from a vigorous growing plant and giving
them the assistance of the bark-bed of the hothouse, early in March, a few
plants have been procured occasionally. Our drawing was made from a most
beautiful plant in the Clapham Collection, last year, in the month of August.
PLATE CXLVII.

GLADIOLUS CUSPIDATUS.

Spear-spotted Gladiolus.

CLASS III. ORDER I.


TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.


Blossom six divisions, gaping. Chives ascending.
See Gladiolus roseus. Plate XI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Gladiolus foliis lineari-ensiformibus, glabris; corolla ringente; laciniis


longissimis, acuminatis, undulatis, subæqualibus, tribus inferioribus in
medio macula oblonga notatis.
Gladiolus with leaves that are linearly sword-shaped and smooth;
blossom gaping; segments very long, tapered to the point, waved and nearly
equal, the three lower in the middle have an oblong spot.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.


2. A blossom cut open, with the Chives remaining attached.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit.
The Gladiolus here figured, represents a variety of one of the most errant
species of the Genus, known commonly by the name of Spade Gladiolus,
and of which we have drawings of eight, quite distinct; yet all,
unquestionably, originating in one common parent. It was introduced in
1796, from the Cape of Good Hope, by Mr. R. Williams, nurseryman of
Turnham-green, near Brentford; is a very hardy greenhouse bulb, increases
from the root in abundance, if planted in very sandy peat earth, and flowers
about the Month of April, or May.
PLATE CXLVIII.

LACHENALIA QUADRICOLOR.

Four-coloured Lachenalia.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Cor. 6-petala, infera; petalis 3 interioribus longioribus. Stamina erecta.


Capsula subovata, trialata. Semina globosa.
Bloss. 6-petals, beneath; the three inner petals the longest. Chives erect.
Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three winged. Seeds globular.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lachenalia foliis geminis, lineari-lanceolatis; scapo erecto; corollis


propendulis, cylindricis, quadricoloratis, cum limbo petalorum interiorum
patulo.
Lachenalia with leaves in pairs, linearly lance-shaped; flower-stem erect;
blossoms hanging down, cylindrical, and four-coloured, with the border of
inner petals spreading out.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Flower cut open, with the Chives remaining.


2. An inner Petal, with its Chive, shewn from the inside.
3. An outer Petal, shewn from the outside.
4. The Pointal complete.
About the year 1789, this very handsome species of Lachenalia was first
received by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, from the Cape of
Good Hope, sent in bulbs to them by J. Pringle, Esq. It is as hardy as the L.
tricolor, to which it much inclines, well known to collectors, and is equally
easily propagated; an excellent figure of which is to be found, in the 82d
Plate of the Botanical Magazine of Mr. Curtis. The L. quadricolor is given as
a synonym by Willdenow to L. pendula, a plant we have already figured, and
from which this stands quite distinct in the conformation of every part; they
are both to be found in the 2d Vol. of Icon. of Jacquin, from whom we copy
our specific title, the pendula, t. 400, the quadricolor, t. 396.
PLATE CXLIX.

STRUTHIOLA CILIATA.

Fringed-leaved Struthiola.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.


TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Perianthium diphyllum. Corolla tubulosa, 4-fida; Nectarium, glandulæ


octo fauci circumpositæ. Semen unum, subbaccatum.
Cup two-leaved. Blossom tubular, 4-cleft; Honey-cup, 8 glands placed
round the mouth of the blossom. One seed like a berry.
See Struthiola imbricata, Pl. CXIII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Struthiola foliis ovato-lanceolatis, mucronatis, ciliatis, concavis,


quadrifariam imbricatis, apice incurvis; corolla subalbida.
Struthiola with leaves between egg and lance-shaped, pointed, fringed,
concave, tiled in four rows, turned inwards at the point; blossom whitish.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A leaf shewn side-ways that the incurvature of the upper part


may be seen.
2. A flower complete.
3. The two leaves of the Empalement, magnified.
4. A blossom cut open, to expose the situation of the chives, at the
mouth of the tube, magnified.
5. The Pointal, a little magnified.
This is the variety of Struthiola ciliata promised in the last number. It varies
from the other in the largeness and incurvation of the leaves, and colour of
the flower, as well as, in the growth of the plant; in this, the stem rises to
three feet; in that, it seldom exceeds one. With rather less difficulty it is
increased and preferred than the red variety, and makes a very handsome
figured plant, flowering in the month of August, at which season, last year,
our drawing was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection. This Var.
has the advantage of the other, in having the blossoms extremely fragrant, in
the evening.
PLATE CL.

GERANIUM PRÆMORSUM.

Bitten-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. of Suppl. Syst. Veg. 1781.


MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.


One Pointal. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See Geranium grandiflorum, Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis inciso-lobatis, reniformibus; lobis cuneiformibus,


præmorsis; floribus subsolitariis, heptaudris; caule flexuoso, subcarnoso.
Geranium with leaves deeply cut into lobes and kidney-shaped; lobes
wedge-shaped, and bitten at the ends; flowers generally solitary, with seven
fertile tips; stem grows zig-zag, rather fleshy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement cut open, to shew its tubular structure.


2. The Chives and Pointal.
3. The Chives spread open.
4. The Pointal and Seed bud.
The Geranium præmorsum offers a most beautiful addition to this already
very extensive genus, but is without doubt a true species. It is a native of the
Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced to us, from thence, in the year
1798, by Captain Quarrel; brought in seed, and communicated to Mr. J.
Colville of the King’s Road, Chelsea; who informs us, that it flowers from
March, till November, that he keeps it in rich dungy earth, and that it is
raised, pretty freely, by cuttings; requiring the heat of a dry stove in the
winter months. Our figure was made at the nursery, Chelsea, about the
beginning of March this year.

You might also like