Part A

Module 1 : Android

2020 March

1. Explain OpenGL ES and SqLite.

OpenGL ES is a cross-platform graphics API used to render 2D and 3D graphics in Android
applications, enabling developers to create high-performance graphical user interfaces.

SQLite is a lightweight relational database management system used in Android to store

and manage data locally on the device. It provides efficient, reliable and scalable data
storage for Android apps.

Both OpenGL ES and SQLite are fundamental technologies used in Android app
development to provide a rich and engaging user experience and to manage data effectively.

2. What are the components of AVD?

AVD (Android Virtual Device) is an emulator that allows developers to test their Android
apps on different virtual devices. It includes device profile settings like screen size and
resolution, hardware options like CPU and RAM, and the Android version and system image
used to run the emulator. AVD is a crucial tool for testing app performance and compatibility
on various virtual devices.

3. What is DVM?
DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) is a virtual machine used in Android to run Java-based
applications. It is designed to optimize memory usage and run multiple instances efficiently.
DVM has been replaced by ART (Android Runtime) since Android 5.0, which offers improved
performance and features.

2021 April

1. What is Android application Framework?

Android application framework is a set of pre-built software components that developers
can use to build Android applications. It provides tools for managing user interfaces,
handling input events, accessing device hardware, and more. The Android framework
simplifies the development process and allows developers to focus on building great apps.
2. What comprises ADT Bundle?
ADT Bundle (Android Development Tools Bundle) was an integrated development
environment (IDE) for developing Android applications, which included the Eclipse IDE, the
Android SDK, and the ADT plugin. The bundle provided all the tools necessary for building,
debugging, and testing Android apps in a single package. However, ADT Bundle is no longer
supported by Google, and developers are now encouraged to use Android Studio, which
includes the latest SDK tools and features.

3. What is Android Virtual Device?

Android Virtual Device (AVD) is an emulator that allows developers to test their Android
applications on a virtual Android device without having to use a physical device. AVDs can
be configured with various device specifications, such as screen size, RAM, and storage
capacity, to simulate different types of Android devices. AVDs can be created and managed
using Android Studio or the Android SDK Manager.

2022 April

1. What is the role of JDK in Android Application development?

JDK (Java Development Kit) is required for Android application development as it provides
a set of tools for developing, debugging, and monitoring applications. It also includes the
Java Runtime Environment (JRE) which is necessary for running Java-based Android
applications on the device or emulator. In short, JDK is essential for developing and running
Android applications that are written in Java or Kotlin.

2. List the components of a .dex file.

A .dex file, also known as Dalvik Executable, contains the compiled bytecode of an Android
application. It includes all the classes and methods used in the application, as well as
metadata and resource files. The .dex file is loaded by the Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) at
runtime to execute the application.

3. List out Layout Managers in Android.

Layout Managers in Android are used to arrange the user interface components within a
ViewGroup. There are several types of Layout Managers available in Android such as
LinearLayout, RelativeLayout, GridLayout, FrameLayout, and ConstraintLayout. Each of
these Layout Managers has its own unique features and capabilities for designing user
interfaces in Android applications.
Part B
Module 1 : Android

2020 March

13. List the responsibilities of ADT.

ADT (Android Development Tools) is a plugin for the Eclipse IDE that provides a powerful,
integrated environment for building Android apps. It extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let
you quickly set up new Android projects, create an application UI, debug your apps using the
Android SDK tools, etc.

ADT's main responsibilities are:

● Provide a powerful IDE for developing Android apps. ADT includes a number of
features that make it easy to develop Android apps, such as a graphical layout editor,
a debugger, and a code editor.
● Make it easy to create new Android projects. ADT can create new Android
projects with a few clicks, and it can also import existing Android projects.
● Provide access to the Android SDK tools. ADT includes a number of tools that
can be used to develop Android apps, such as the Android SDK Manager, the
Android SDK Tools, and the Android SDK Emulator.
● Help you debug your Android apps. ADT includes a debugger that can help you
find and fix bugs in your Android apps.
● Make it easy to generate signed APK files. ADT can generate signed APK files
that can be distributed to users.

14. Explain Relative Layout with Example.

Relative Layout is a view group in Android that allows you to position child views relative to
each other or relative to the parent. This is in contrast to Linear Layout, which positions child
views in a linear fashion from top to bottom.

To use Relative Layout, you first need to create a RelativeLayout object in your layout file.
Then, you can add child views to the RelativeLayout by specifying their ID and their position
relative to the parent or other child views. For example, you could add a button to the top left
of the parent view by using the following code:

<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/my_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
 android:id="@+id/my_button"
android:layout_x="0dp"
android:layout_y="0dp"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="My Button"
/>
</RelativeLayout>

In this example, the button will be positioned at the top left of the parent view, because it has
an x and y position of 0dp. Relative Layout is a powerful tool that allows you to create
complex layouts in Android. It is a good choice for layouts that need to be flexible and
adaptable.

2021 April

13. Who are the stakeholders of Android? Explain.

The stakeholders of Android include various groups of individuals and organizations involved
in the development and use of the Android platform. Some of the key stakeholders include:

● Google: As the developer of the Android platform, Google is a major stakeholder in

its success. Google is responsible for providing updates, improvements, and new
features to the Android operating system.

● App developers: App developers are a critical stakeholder group for Android, as
they create the apps that run on the platform. Developers use Android tools and APIs
to build and distribute their apps on the Google Play Store and other app stores.

● Device manufacturers: Device manufacturers such as Samsung, Oppo and Xiaomi

are also important stakeholders in Android. These companies produce hardware that
runs the Android operating system, and often customize it to fit their own devices.

● Users: Android users are the ultimate stakeholders, as they are the ones who use
the platform to access apps and services on their mobile devices. User feedback and
usage patterns help shape the direction of the Android platform over time.

Overall, the success of Android depends on the collaboration and cooperation of all these
stakeholders, as they work together to create a platform that is useful, innovative, and user-
friendly.
14. Explain Table Layout with an example.
TableLayout is a ViewGroup in Android that arranges its child views in rows and columns.
Each row in a TableLayout is defined using a TableRow, and each cell or column is defined
using a child view of the TableRow.

Here is an example of a simple TableLayout:

<TableLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">

<TableRow>
<TextView
android:text="Name" />
<EditText />
</TableRow>

<TableRow>
<TextView
android:text="Age" />
<EditText />
</TableRow>

</TableLayout>

This creates a simple table with two rows and two columns. The first column in each row
contains a TextView with the label, and the second column contains an EditText where the
user can enter data. TableLayout is a useful tool for creating forms and other types of data
entry screens in Android. It allows you to organize your views in a clear and easy-to-read
way, making it easier for users to understand and interact with your app.

2022 April

13. Why is Android used in mobile applications?

Android is widely used for mobile application development due to its open-source nature,
flexibility, and compatibility with a wide range of devices. It provides an extensive set of
development tools, libraries, and frameworks that enable developers to create innovative
and engaging mobile applications. Additionally, Android offers a large user base, which
means there is a vast market for developers to reach out to with their apps.

Moreover, Android supports a variety of programming languages like Java, Kotlin, and C++,
making it easier for developers to write code. It also supports various hardware features like
touchscreens, accelerometers, and cameras, providing ample opportunities to develop
innovative mobile applications. Furthermore, Android provides seamless integration with
Google services such as Google Maps, Google Drive, and Google Play, making it easier for
developers to create and distribute their apps.

14. Briefly explain Android Application Framework and its basic

components.
Android Application Framework provides a set of pre-built tools and components that
developers can use to create Android applications. Its basic components include Activities,
Services, Broadcast Receivers, and Content Providers, which can be combined to build
various types of applications.

Activities represent screens in the application, and each screen is defined as an Activity in
the application manifest file. Services are used for background processing and can run even
if the application is not in the foreground. Broadcast Receivers listen for system events and
respond accordingly. Content Providers allow applications to share data and interact with
each other.

The Android Application Framework provides a standardized approach to app development

and allows developers to focus on the logic and user interface of the application rather than
the underlying system components.
Part C
Module 1 : Android

2020 March

22. Why is Android used in mobile application development?

Android is used in mobile application development for several reasons:

● Open source: Android is an open-source operating system that is freely available to

developers. This means that developers can use the Android platform to create
innovative and unique mobile applications without having to pay any licensing fees.

● Large user base: Android has a large user base, with over 2.5 billion active devices
worldwide. This means that there is a huge market for Android apps, making it an
attractive platform for developers.

● Easy to develop: Android provides a range of tools and resources that make it easy
for developers to create mobile applications. The Android SDK includes a range of
libraries, APIs, and development tools that simplify the process of app development.

● Customizable: Android is highly customizable, which allows developers to create

unique and innovative mobile applications that can be tailored to the specific needs
of their users.

● Integration with other Google services: Android integrates seamlessly with other
Google services, such as Google Maps, Google Drive, and Google Analytics, which
can be useful for developers who want to create mobile applications that rely on
these services.

Overall, Android is a popular choice for mobile application development because of its
flexibility, ease of use, and large user base.

2021 April

22. Distinguish between a) .apk and .jar b) JVM and DVM

a) The main difference between .apk and .jar is that .apk is the file format used for
distributing and installing Android applications, while .jar is the file format used for Java
libraries and applications.
An .apk file contains all the necessary files for an Android application, including code,
resources, and manifest. It is designed to be installed on an Android device and is typically
signed with a digital certificate.

On the other hand, a .jar file contains compiled Java classes, resources, and metadata. It is
used as a library or a component that can be used by other Java applications or libraries.

In summary, while both .apk and .jar contain compiled code, .apk is specific to Android
applications while .jar is a more general file format for Java libraries and applications.

b) JVM (Java Virtual Machine) and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) are both virtual machines
used to run code in different environments. However, there are some significant differences
between the two:

● Language: JVM is designed to run Java bytecode, while DVM is designed to run
bytecode that is generated by the Android SDK, which includes Java as well as other
languages such as Kotlin.

● Architecture: JVM is stack-based, while DVM is register-based. This means that DVM
uses a smaller instruction set and can execute code more efficiently.

● Memory management: JVM uses a garbage collector to manage memory, while DVM
uses a combination of garbage collection and manual memory management.

● Performance: DVM is optimized for mobile devices with limited resources, while JVM
is designed for desktop and server environments. This makes DVM more efficient
and faster in terms of performance in the context of Android.

Overall, while JVM and DVM have some similarities, they are designed for different
purposes and have different architectures and features.

2022 April

22. Write notes on a)Android Virtual Device (AVD) b) Android

Emulators
a) Android Virtual Device (AVD):

Android Virtual Device (AVD) is an emulator configuration that allows Android application
developers to test their application on different virtual devices. It provides a virtual
environment to run the application, simulating different configurations of devices, screen
sizes, and hardware specifications. The emulator runs the Android operating system in a
virtual environment, allowing the developers to test their apps on different versions of
Android.
To create an AVD, the developer needs to use the Android Virtual Device Manager (AVD
Manager) in Android Studio. The AVD Manager provides various configuration options to
create an emulator, including the device type, screen size, resolution, and Android version.
Developers can create multiple AVDs with different configurations to test their applications
on various devices.

b) Android Emulators:

Android Emulator is a software program that allows developers to test their Android
applications without a physical device. It is a virtual mobile device that mimics the hardware
and software features of a real mobile device. Emulators provide a way for developers to test
and debug their applications on different virtual devices without requiring a physical device.

Android Studio provides an emulator that simulates different configurations of virtual devices,
including different screen sizes, resolutions, hardware specifications, and Android versions.
Developers can use the emulator to test their applications on different virtual devices,
enabling them to optimize their apps for a wide range of devices.

Emulators can also be used to run Android applications on desktop computers, allowing
users to experience the app on a larger screen. This is useful for testing and debugging the
application, as well as for demonstrating the app to clients or users.