MATHEMATICS

CURRICULUM DISCUSSION
GRADE :10 - 12
TRIGONOMETRY
FUNCTIONS
29 & 30 MAY 2021
 Focus : Maths Paper 2
Trigonometry (± 50)

Friday : 04 June 2021 Lesson Duration :

Solutions of a Triangle 2hr (Midweek)

Monday: (31 May 2021) Monday (24 May 2021)

Solutions of a Triangle Trig Equations (Completed)

Sunday : (30 May 2021)

Saturday (29 May 2021)
Trig Functions & Infuse Tri
Trig Functions
Equations 2
LESSON FOCUS : SAT

SKETCHING OF GRAPHS AND

CHARACTERISTICS

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TRIG : GRADE 11 CAPS CLARIFICATION
TRIG FUNCTIONS : DIAGNOSTIC REPORT

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TRIG FUNCTIONS : DIAGNOSTIC REPORT

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TRIG FUNCTIONS : DIAGNOSTIC REPORT

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TRIG FUNCTIONS : DIAGNOSTIC REPORT

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 TRIG FUNCTIONS

• Learners must know how to sketch the Trig Graphs within a given interval /domain.

o y = a sin x; y= a cos x; y = a tan x

o Changing period: y = a sin bx ; y = a cos bx ; y = a tan bx

360° 180°
o Period = , b > 0 and for y = a tan b x , Period = and the critical points
𝑏 𝑏

𝑃
are determined
4

o Vertical translation : y = sin bx + q ; y = cos bx +q ; y = tan bx + q

o Horizontal translation: y = sin (x + p); y= cos (x + p); y = tan (x + p).

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 TRIG FUNCTIONS

Trigonometric graphs

• The learners must remember that when sketching a horizontally translated graph

using a calculator, the value of p should be used for a step to show the turning points

on the calculator.

• The learners must be able to tell and determine the Amplitude

𝑀𝑎𝑥−𝑀𝑖𝑛
• (Amplitude =, ) , Period Min, Max, and Asymptote (graph: tan x) for the Trig
2

Graph.
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 TRIG FUNCTIONS
Interpretation of Trig Graphs:

• Identifying the type of graph in a given sketch

• Finding the defining equations of the trig function

• Transformations applied in trig graphs and their description in words. i.e. effects of
parameters. (two at a time) (Show a link with algebraic graphs)
• Understanding and correct use of notation. e.g. f(x)>g(x) versus f(x)≥g(x)

• Graphically determine the values of x for which:

o f(x) > 0; f(x). g(x) > 0, f(x). g(x) < 0, x. f(x) < 0, f’(x). f(x) < 0, increase, decrease,
etc.
Note: Learners should note that the skills learnt in other functions will still be
applicable in the Trig functions and are examinable also in in Trig Functions.
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 SUGGESTIONS APPROACH

• When teaching trigonometric graphs, teachers should start first with the ‘Mother’
Graphs:
✓ y = sin x , y = cosx and y = tan x using point by point plotting and identify
important features of these graphs, then introduce a, p and q as well as their
effects
• It is common practice for learners to use calculators to sketch graphs. Hence, they
do not pay attention to certain critical features of these graphs. Although
learners are expected to produce a sketch graph, there is still a high degree of
accuracy required of them.

• When discussing the transformation of trigonometric graphs, learners must be

alerted to how the critical features and characteristics of the basic graph change
for each transformation. In this way, they will be able to visualize the effect of a, p,
q and k on the basic function.
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UNDERSTANDING BASIC TRIG FUNCTIONS

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UNDERSTANDING BASIC TRIG FUNCTIONS

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SKETCHING OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
SKETCHING OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
UNDERSTANDING BASIC TRIG FUNCTIONS

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SKETCHING OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
UNDERSTANDING BASIC TRIG FUNCTIONS

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UNDERSTANDING BASIC TRIG FUNCTIONS

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Important facts about the three basic functions

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAMPLE

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAMPLE

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAM[PLE

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EXAMPLE

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAMPLE

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EXERCISES

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Exercises continued

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.33
LESSON FOCUS : SUNDAY

INTERPRETATION OF TRIG GRAPHS

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 TRIG FUNCTIONS : INTERPRETATION OF TRIG GRAPHS
• Identifying the type of graph in a given sketch

• Determining the defining equations of the trig function (emphasis on the effect of
parameters)
• Describe the Transformations applied in trig graphs and their description in words.
i.e. effects of parameters. (two at a time) (Show a link with algebraic graphs)
• Understanding and correct use of notation. e.g. f(x)>g(x) versus f(x)≥g(x)

• Graphically determine the values of x for which:

o f(x) > 0; f(x). g(x) > 0, f(x). g(x) < 0, x. f(x) < 0, f’(x). f(x) < 0, increase, decrease,
etc.
Note: Learners should note that the skills learnt in other functions will still be
applicable in the Trig functions and are examinable also in in Trig Functions.
.35
 TRIG FUNCTIONS : INTERPRETATION OF TRIG GRAPHS

• Learners must know how to determine the value of each parameter within a given
interval /domain.
o y = a sin x; y= a cos x; y = a tan x

o Changing period: y = a sin bx ; y = a cos bx ; y = a tan bx

360° 180°
o Period = , b > 0 and for y = a tan b x , Period = and the critical points
𝑏 𝑏

𝑃
are determined
4

o Vertical translation : y = sin bx + q ; y = cos bx +q ; y = tan bx + q

o Horizontal translation: y = sin (x + p); y= cos (x + p); y = tan (x + p). .36

EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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 Trig Functions
(1) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of y = f (x)
for x  [−90;180]

(2 ) Describe the
transformation of the graph of f to h if h(x) = tan(45 − x).
(3) The period of g is reduced to 180 and the amplitude
and y-intercept remain the same. Write down the
equation of the resulting function.
.

45
Properties of Trigonometric Functions

(1) The asymptotes of y = f (x) for x  [−90°;180 °] a re:

x = −45 and x = 135. f (x) = tan(x − 45 )

h(x) = tan(45 − x)

(2) h(x) = tan(45 − x) = − tan(x − 45 ) = − f (x)

Hence h is the reflection of f about the x-axis.
Properties of Trigonometric Functions cont.

(3 ) The period of y = f ( x) changes to 180 , the

resulting function becomes f (2x) i.e. y = 3sin(2x).
f (x) = 3sin(2x) f (x) = 3sin(x)

Period =180
 Trig Functions
The graphs of f (x) = 3cos x and g(x) = sin(x − 60 ) are sketched below for x  [−180;90 ]

f
B

A
g

(1) Write down the range of f .

(2) If A(−97, 37 ; −0, 38), write down the coordinates of B.
(3) Write the period of g(3x).
(4) Write down the value of x for which g (x) − f (x) is a maximum.
Properties of the Sine and Cosine Function
g(x) −f (x) a max when x =−180

f B

A g
82,63
(1) T h e Ran g e of f ( x ) = 3 c o s x is −3 y 3
(2 ) A(−97, 37 ; −0, 38)  B(−97, 37 +180 ; +0, 38)
f & g has the same period and the 180 +  identities for sine and cosine
(3) Period for g ( x ) = sin (x − 60 ) is 360
360
 Period for g ( 3 x ) = sin(3x − 60 ) is = 120
3
Activities on Trig Functions
The graphs of the functions defined by f (x) = sin (x + 30) and
g (x) = −2 cos x for − 90  x  180 are shown in the diagram.
The graphs intersect at points P and Q.

1. Calculate f (0) − g (0). (1)

2. Calculate the x − coordinates of points P and Q. (7 )
3. For which values of x will f ( x)  g ( x)? (2 )
4. Graph h is obtained by the following
transformation of f : h (x) = 2 f (x + 60).
Describe the relationship between g and h. (2 )
Difference between two values

1. Calculate f (0) − g (0).

(1) f (0) − g (0)

= sin 30 + 2 cos 0
1 1
= + 21 = 2
2 2
Points of intersection
f  g is where 2. Calculate the x −coordinates
sin (x + 30) = −2 cos x of points P and Q.
sin x cos 30 + cos x sin 30 = −2 cos x
3 1
 sin x + cos x = −2 cos x
2 2
3 5
 sin x = −  cos x
2 2
sin x 5 2 5
=−  =−
cos x 2 3 3
5
 x = (180 − 70.89) +180 k; k  tan x = −
3
xP= −70.89 when k = 0  5 
  xR = tan −1 
xQ = 109.11 when k =1  70.89
 3
Comparing and Transforming the graphs

3. For which values of x will f ( x)  g ( x)?

4. Graph h is obtained by the following
transformation of f : h (x) = 2 f (x + 60).
Describe the relationship between g andh.
Know that : xP = −70.89 and xQ =109.11

(3) f (x)  g (x) if f lies on or above g.

This is when x  xP and x  xQ
(4 ) h (x) = 2 f (x + 60)
or when x [−70.89;109.11
= 2sin (x + 30 + 60)
= 2sin (x + 90)
= 2cos x
= −g (x)
 h is a reflection of g in the x −axis.
 Concluding Remarks

The NEXT lesson (Online) will focus on

Solutions of the Tringle please revise
the aspects that you did in Grade 11
and have your formula sheet with you
in our Online lesson

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 Concluding Remarks

Following our today lesson, I Repeat this procedure until you are
want you to do the to: confident.

Read through what the learner need to

Do not forget: Practice makes
understand and master in your learner
perfect!
material.

Complete the activities

Attempt as many as possible other similar examples on your own from the
Text-Book and the past exam papers.
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Thank you