Database Systems Lab

Lab Task:01
Semester IV
Submitted to: Sir Irfan Naqvi
Submitted by: Rooha Tanveer
Question 01
Databases come in all flavor and sizes to cater for a wide variety of storage needs. There are different
paradigms of database management. You task is to research and study the various paradigms of databases.
For each paradigm, you must also write about at least one popular DBMS for that specific type of database.
Your report must be exhaustive and comprehensive. Query methods for the various paradigms must also be
mentioned.
Answer:

1. Relational Database
The information is organized in various tables, which are called relations. Every segment is a quality and each
column is an element for which these traits hold some worth. Every element is perceived by an primary key.
Joins are executed with the assistance of foreign keys and tables are standardized to make the information
base more enhanced and less blunder inclined.

SQL and PostgreSQL are the example of this type of paradigm.

2. Key-Value Database
These databases as a rule store the values in the fundamental memory, not at all like different ideal models
which do as such in the auxiliary memory. This makes the key-value data sets exceptionally quick however
restricts the amount you can store in them.
 Redis and mem-cache are the example of this type of paradigm.

3. Wide Column Database-

A "wide" column can be perceived as though we took a key-value pair information base and added an
additional an aspect to its qualities where each central issues to a lot of sections

HBase is the example of this type of paradigm.

4. Document Based Database-

These documents are assembled in collections. Fields inside these collections can be filed and the collections
can be set up in a logical hierarchy
MongoDB and Firestore are the example of this type of paradigm.

5. Graph Database-
It is defined as a specialized, single-purpose platform for creating and manipulating graphs. Here the
information are addressed as nodes and the relation between them as directed edges.
 neo4j or dGraph are the example of this type of paradigm.

6. Search-Based Databse-
Assuming you believe that your information base should return the most relevant outcomes from a huge
amount of information in an extremely brief timeframe, you'll need a full-text web search tool.

Algolia is the example of this type of paradigm.

7. Multi Model-
a multi-model data set is a data set administration framework intended to help various information models
against a single, integrated backend.

Fauna is the example of this type of paradigm. If we transfer our GraphQL to Fauna it automatically
creates a collection where we can store and list information
Question 02
Explain about DBMS Architecture 1-level, 2-Level, 3-Level, also describe about client server
architecture in DBMS with examples.
Answer:
A Database Architecture is a representation of DBMS design. It helps to design, develop, implement, and
maintain the database management system

Types of DBMS Architecture

There are mainly three types of DBMS architecture:

 One Tier Architecture

 Two Tier Architecture
 Three Tier Architecture

1-Tier Architecture
1 Tier Architecture in DBMS is the simplest architecture of Database in which the client, server, and Database
all reside on the same machine. A simple one tier architecture example would be anytime you install a
Database in your system and access it to practice SQL queries. But such architecture is rarely used in
production.

2-Tier Architecture
A 2 Tier Architecture in DBMS is a Database architecture where the presentation layer runs on a client (PC,
Mobile, Tablet, etc.), and data is stored on a server called the second tier. Two tier architecture provides
added security to the DBMS as it is not exposed to the end-user directly. It also provides direct and faster
communication.

3-Tier Architecture
A 3 Tier Architecture in DBMS is the most popular client server architecture in DBMS in which the
development and maintenance of functional processes, logic, data access, data storage, and user interface is
done independently as separate modules. Three Tier architecture contains a presentation layer, an application
layer, and a database server.

3-Tier database Architecture design is an extension of the 2-tier client-server architecture. A 3-tier
architecture has the following layers:

1. Presentation layer (your PC, Tablet, Mobile, etc.)

2. Application layer (server)
3. Database Server
Client-server architecture

Client-server architecture is a distributed computing system that splits tasks between a client and a server. In
this model, the client requests information from the server, which is similar to a customer ordering materials
from a supplier. The DBMS resides on a single computer, typically a high-end workstation or mainframe, while
the clients are usually PCs. The PCs have significant processing power and can format the results of the raw
data returned by the server.
In client-server architecture, the server responds to the client's request by providing or denying access to the
web pages to the user. For example, the server returns an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file to the
browser.

Client-Server architecture example

Here are some of the client-server model architecture examples from our daily life. Hope it helps you to
understand the concept better.

Mail servers

Email servers are used for sending and receiving emails. There are different software that allows email
handling.

File servers

File servers act as a centralized location for files. One of the daily life examples to understand this is the files
that we store in Google Docs. The cloud services for Microsoft Office and Google Docs can be accessed from
your devices; the files that you save from your computer can be accessed from your phone. So, the centrally
stored files can be accessed by multiple users.

Web servers

Web servers are high-performance computers that host different websites. The server site data is requested
by the client through high-speed internet.