CULTURE – Is embodiment of society’s Structural Functionalism Theory –

way of life, as it institutionalizes how states that society is a system of

society should be. interconnected parts that work as one.
Society – is a community of people with Political Science – deals with how the
common traditions, practices, institutions government, power, and authority work in
and with collective of activities and society.
interest. Popular Politics – also called populism.
– Society has a big role in shaping Is a political stance of the people for a
individuals into what it deems to be certain beliefs.
commonly acceptable is called CULTURE – Is embodiment of society’s
Norm.Each member has to follow the way of life, as it institutionalizes how
norms to be recognized as part of the society should be.
society. Neglecting to follow these norms CULTURE ALSO DEFINES WHO YOU
is usually unacceptable called deviancy. ARE AS A PERSON
Politics - may refer to the complex YOU ALSO LEARN FROM YOUR
relationships of people living in a society . SCHOOL, YOUR FRIENDS AND PEERS,
it may also refer to the concept of power AND OTHER PEOPLE YOU
and leadership; the more powerful and ENCOUNTER IN WHAT IS CALLED
influential may get the upper hand in the SOCIALIZATION.
society. CULTURAL UNIVERSALS – SOME
ASPECTS OF CULTURE ARE EVIDENT
‘’The Study of Anthropology, ACROSS SOCIETIES.
Sociology, and Political Science.’’ LANGUAGE – IMPORTANT ASPECT OF
Anthropology - is the study of the CULTURE WHICH REFER TO A
evolutionary history of human being. SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATIONS.
Four Subdisciplines of Anthropology SYMBOL – IS ANY OBJECT , BODY
Cultural Anthropology – study how LANGUAGE / GESTURE, OR EVEN
human developed their culture and ABSTRACT CONCEPT THAT HAS NO
society. MEANING TO OUTSIDERS, BUT IT HAS
Physical Anthropology – also known as A SIGNIFICANT MEANING TO THE
biological anthropology PEOPLE WITHIN A CULTURE.NORMS –
Linguistic Anthropology -The study of ARE ELEMENTS OF CULTURE THAT
how language evolves and how human GUIDED SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR OF AN
use language to communicate. INDIVIDUALS IN A SOCIETY.
Archeology – study of artifacts or FORMAL NORMS – ARE THE RULES
material evidence that past humans AND REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED BY
societies left behind. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND
Sociology – study of human relationships GOVERNMENT.
and behaviors in society. A LAW IS A FORMAL NORM AS IT IS
- comes from Latin word socius means CODIFIED BY THE GOVERNMENT.
society and logos means study. EXAMPLES OF LAWS ARE THOSE
Social Facts – phenomena in society that ENSHRINED IN THE PHILIPPINE
are already accepted. CONSTITUTION.
Emile Durkheim – is considered the
Father of Sociology.
Auguste Comte – a French sociologist
used the term sociology
‘’Human Variation’’ Homosexuals – commonly attracted to
Nationality – refers to where you are born the same sex or gender.
on your place of birth. LGBTQ+ - Lesbian, gay , bisexual,
Citizenship – is granted by a government transgender, queer, intersex, and others
of a country when certain legal .Socioeconomic class – refers to idea
requirements are met. that differentiates between rich and poor
Sex – refers to the biological and based on income, financial status,
physiological traits of male and female. educational attainment, and social status
Gender – refers to a social and cultural among others.
construct that distinguishes in the ‘’ Classification of Socioeconomic
attributes of male and female and their Class’’
role and responsibilities in the society. high income
Society – is a collection of interacting middle income
individuals sharing the same way of life low income
and living in the same territory. Poverty – or state of lacking financial
Status – is a position in society. resources and living with the bare
‘’ Two Types of Status’’ minimum.
Ascribed Status – pertains to gender and ‘’Different Classification of Poverty’’
race. Situational Poverty - is caused by
Achieved Status – these are attained sudden crisis such as pandemic, loss of
through our own actions job etc.
Roles – every status has rights and Generational Poverty – is the state or
obligations. condition in which the family has been in
‘’ Kinds of Culture’’ poverty for at least two generations.
Material Culture – physical objects that Absolute Poverty – refers to the lack of
people create. very basic necessities such as food,
Non-material Culture – it is the abstract clothing and shelter.
human creations. Examples: language, ‘’Attaining Cultural Understanding’’
ideas, beliefs , rules and others. ‘’ Four Stages in Understanding Culture.
‘’Characteristics of Culture’’ Cultural Knowledge – having the
Culture is learned knowledge oh history and cultural
Culture is dynamic characteristics of a certain society and
Culture is integrated culture.
Culture is shared Cultural Awareness – having an
Culture is based on symbols understanding of and openness toward a
Nationality – refers to where you are born different culture.
or your place of birth. Cultural Sensitivity – knowing the
Citizenship – is granted by a government differences and similarities between
of a country when certain legal cultures without assigning a certain value
requirements are met. or amount to the difference.
Sex – refers to the biological and Cultural Competence – acceptance and
physiological traits of male and female. promotion of cultural diversity in a society
Gender - refers to a social and cultural or organization.
construct that distinguishes different Culture Shock – refers to unfamiliarity
attributes of male and female and their with a culture or a certain aspect of
roles and responsibilities in the society. culture.
Heterosexuals – are commonly attracted Xenophobia – the dislike and prejudice of
to the opposite sex or gender. other people based on culture.
Cultural Relativism – refers to the idea UNESCO – United Nations Educational,
that other cultures must be understood Scientific, and Cultural Organization
based on their people’s own experiences Tangible Cultural Heritage – refer to any
and standards.If cultural relativism is the is forms of structures, monuments, sites,
the understanding of other cultures and other artifacts
without bias, Ethnocentrism is the Intangible Cultural Heritage – refer to
opposite of it. forms of literature, oral traditions,
Ethnocentrism. which comes from the performing arts, traditional craftsmanship,
word ethnos, meaning ‘’nation’’ and and folklore among other things, which are
kentron , meaning ‘’center’’- is the considered the wealth of culture. Movable
understanding of cultures based on the Heritage – may include any artistic
viewer’s standards or cultural references. creation, clothing, jewelries, and other
William Graham Sumner – American small movable artifacts.
political Scientist introduced the term Immovable Heritage – may include built
Ethnocentrism by his book Folkways heritage ( such as buildings, churches,
( 1906 ). lighthouses, and waterways ) and large
Xenocentrism – is the notion that another monument like Pyramid of Giza and the
culture is superior to one’s own Stonehenge.
Understanding various cultures such their Digital Heritage – encompasses, cultural,
differences and similarities is important. scientific, and
Developing ones cultural awareness or administrative resources as well as
sensitivity may lead him to experience technical, legal, medical and other kinds of
more meaningful interactions with those informations.
with different cultures.
Changing Culture
Recent trends in a globalized society have
deeply impacted culture. They result in an
exchange of cultural values and cultural
change.
Cultural Imperialism – is the imposition
of a dominant culture onto and another
due to political , economic, and social
factors.
Cultural Hegemony – refers to the
domination of one cultural group over a
diverse cultural society.
Globalization- is a far reaching cocept
defined as the growing interdependence
of the worlds culture ,ideologies,
economies, and
Politics.
Cultural Diffusion – the process by which
some cultural items spread from one
culture to another.
Cultural lag – non adjustment to the
changes in culture.
Cultural Heritage