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    TCWD 1

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    Janin R. Delgado
    The contemporary word 1

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    TCWD 1

    Uploaded by

    Janin R. Delgado
    5 views15 pages
    The contemporary word 1

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    tcwd-1

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    The contemporary word 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views15 pages

    TCWD 1

    Uploaded by

    Janin R. Delgado
    The contemporary word 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    THE CONTEMPORARY

    WORLD
    CHAPTER 1: DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

    • INTRODUCTION:
    Much has changed since time immemorial. Human beings have encountered many changes over
    the last century especially in their social relationships and social structures. Of these changes,
    one can say that globalization is a very important change, if not, the most important (Bauman,
    2003).
    The reality and omnipresence of globalization makes us see ourselves as a part of what we refer
    to as the “global age” (Albrow, 1996)
    GLOBAL AGE- refers to a period of time when there is a prevailing sense of the
    interconnectedness of all human beings, of a common fate for the human species and of a threat
    to its life on this earth.
    • So what is globalization?
    • GLOBALIZATION- describes the growing interdependence of the world’s
    economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods
    and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.
    ✓ It cannot be contained within a specific time frame, all people, and all situations (AL-Rhodan). Aside from this, globalization
    encompasses a multitude of processes that involves the economy, political systems, and culture. Social structure, therefore, are directly
    affected by globalization.
    ✓ The process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer ( Thomas Larson)
    ✓ In the mid-1990s, Martin Khor, the former president of Third World Network (TWN) in Malaysia, once regarded globalization as
    colonization.
    THE TASK OF DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

    Since its first appearance in the Webster’s Dictionary in 1961, many opinions about globalization
    have flourished.The literature on the definitions of globalization revealed that definitions could
    be classified as:
    ✓ Broad and inclusive
    ✓ Narrow and exclusive
    The one offered by Ohmae in 1992 stated,…globalization means the onset of the borderless
    world.
    Narrow and exclusive definitions are better justified but can be limiting, in the sense that their
    application adhere to only particular definitions.
    “The characteristics of the globalization trend include the internationalizing of production,
    the new international division of labor, new migratory movements from South to North,
    the new competitive environment that accelerates these processes, and internationalizing of
    the state...making state into agencies of the globalizing world”(Robert Cox)
    A more recent definition was given by Ritzer (2015), globalization is a transplanetary
    process or a set of processes involving increasing liquidity and the growing multidirectional
    flows of people, objects, places, and information as well as the structures they encounter
    and create that are barriers to, or expedite those flows.
    METHAPORS OF GLOBALIZATION

    • SOLID/SOLIDITY- Refers to a barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of things. It can either be natural or man
    made.
    • Examples of natural solids are landforms and bodies of water. Man made barriers include the Great Wall of China and Berlin
    Wall, An imaginary line such as the nide dash line used by the People’s Republic of China.
    • LIQIDITY- Refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the contemporary world.
    • Characteristics:
    ✓ Change quickly in their aspects, spatial and temporal, are in continuous fluctuation.
    ✓ Their movement is difficult to stop.

    • Examples: Changes in the stock market


    • Videos uploaded on You tube or Facebook
    • Flows- are the movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the
    growing porosity of global limitations.
    • Examples: Foreign cuisines
    Global financial Crises
    Poor illegal migrants
    GLOBALIZATION THEORIES

    • 1. HOMOGENEITY- Refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs,


    economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common
    practices, same economies, and similar forms of government. Homogeneity in culture is
    often link to a cultural imperialism.
    • Examples:
    ✓ Christianity
    ✓ Americanization
    ✓ Global economic crises
    ✓ The global flow of media
    ✓ Mcdonaldization- is the process by which Western societies are dominated by the
    principles of fast food restaurants.
    • 2. HETEROGENEITY- Pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new
    economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different
    societies in the world. Refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of
    the hybrids or combinations of cultures that can be produced through the different
    transplanetary processes.
    DYNAMICS OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL CULTURE

    • 1. CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM
    -Emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by
    global flows. The interaction of cultures is deemed to contain the potential for “catastrophic
    collision”.
    2. THE CULTUTAL HYBRIDIZATION APPROACH
    - Emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures. Globalization is considered to be a
    creative process which gives rise to hybrid entities that are not reducible to either the global or
    the local. A key concept is “glocalization” or the interpenetration of the global and local resulting
    to a unique outcomes in different geographic areas.
    • -Another key concept is Arjun Appadurai’s “scapes” in 1996, where global flows involve
    people, technology, finance, political images, and media and the disjuncture between them,
    which leads to the creation of cultural hybrids.
    • ARJUN APPADURAI
    - (born 4 February 1949) is an Indian-
    American anthropologist recognized as a
    major theorist in globalization studies. In
    his anthropological work, he discusses the
    importance of the modernity of nation-
    states and globalization.
    • 3. CULTURAL CONVERGENCE APPROACH
    -stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization. Cultures are radically altered by strong
    flows, while cultural imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to
    destroy at least parts of another culture. One important critique of cultural imperialism is
    John Tomlinson’s idea of “deterritorialization” of culture.
    Deterritorialization means that it is much more difficult to tie culture to a specific
    geographic point of origin.

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