Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Motion in One
Dimension
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Definition of Terms
and Motion Graphs
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVE

▪ Describe and analyze motion of an object in a straight line with position-time graph,
velocity-time graph, and acceleration-time graph
1. Introduction
2. Distance and Displacement
3. Speed and Velocity
4. Acceleration
5. Graphical Representations of Displacement,
Velocity and Acceleration
Engineering Mechanics - science which considers the effects
of forces on rigid bodies
Dynamics - deals with the effect that forces have on motion
Kinematics - (same root as cinema) geometry of motion,
without consideration of force causing motion
Kinetics - relates the force acting on a body to its mass and
acceleration
Statics - considering the effects and distribution of forces on
rigid bodies (bodies at rest or in a fixed position)
Distance, d
▪ Scalar, non-negative quantity
▪ Length of path taken (travel) from one point to another

Displacement, x
▪ Vector quantity
▪ Change in position specified by length and a direction
▪ Length of a straight line from object’s initial position to
final position
http://images.slideplayer.com/7/1695817/slides/slide_2.jpg
Example
Speed, S
▪ scalar quantity
▪ distance per unit time
S=d/t
https://blog.amzcozumleri.com/image/data/velo.jpg

Velocity, V
▪ vector quantity
▪ displacement per unit time
V = x / t
Average Speed, Save
▪ total distance divided by the total time required to travel
that distance
Save = dT / t

Average Velocity, Vave

▪ rate of change of displacement divided by the time
interval
▪ the sign of V depends on the displacement
Vave = x / t
Instantaneous Velocity, v
▪ Indicates how fast an
objects move and the
direction of motion at each
instant of time
∆𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒗 = lim =
∆𝒕→𝟎 ∆𝒕 𝒅𝒕

Instantaneous Speed
▪ Magnitude of the
instantaneous velocity
▪ Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑚/𝑠

𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = = 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑠

▪ If you are speeding up, acceleration is +

▪ If you are slowing down, acceleration is -
Average Acceleration, aave
▪ The rate at which velocity changes
∆𝒗 𝒗𝒇 − 𝒗𝒊
𝒂𝒂𝒗𝒆 = 𝒂𝒂𝒗𝒆 =
∆𝒕 𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒊

Instantaneous Acceleration, a
▪ Time rate of change in velocity
∆𝒗 𝒅𝒗
𝒂 = lim =
∆𝒕→𝟎 ∆𝒕 𝒅𝒕
▪ A graph is basically a picture of an equation.

▪ Graphs of an object's position, velocity, and acceleration as

a function of time can tell you a great deal:
→ velocity is the slope of the position graph
→ displacement is the area under the curve of v-t graph
→ acceleration is the slope of the v-t graph
→ change in velocity is the area under the curve of a-t graph
Motion Graph
▪ The object’s motion is along straight line (x-axis of
coordinate system) toward right or toward left
Position-Time Graph
▪ The slope of a position-time graph indicates velocity
Velocity-Time Graph
▪ The slope of a velocity-time graph shows the acceleration
▪ The area under a velocity-time graph shows the
displacement
Example: A car at constant velocity of 11.11 m/s
▪ Constant velocity means the velocity graph is horizontal, equal
to 11.11 m/s at all times.
▪ A constant velocity means the position graph has a constant
slope (of 11.11 m/s). It's a straight line sloping up, and starting
below the origin.
▪ The displacement is the area under the curve of the velocity
graph. The car travels 11.11 m.
Example: A car at constant velocity of 11.11 m/s
▪ Constant velocity means the acceleration is zero.
▪ The change in velocity over a certain time interval equals the
area under the acceleration graph over that interval. In this
case the velocity does not change, so there can be no area
under the acceleration graph.
Example: A car with a constant acceleration of 3 m/s2 starting
from rest.
▪ Constant acceleration means the velocity graph has a constant
slope.
▪ If the velocity steadily increases, the position graph must have
a steadily increasing slope. Constant acceleration results in a
parabolic position graph.
Example: A car with constant acceleration of 3 m/s2
▪ Constant acceleration means a horizontal line for the
acceleration graph.
▪ The acceleration is the slope of the velocity graph.
▪ Constant acceleration = constant slope = straight line for the
velocity graph.
▪ The area under the acceleration graph is the change in
velocity.
Position-Time Graph Example:
An iguana runs back and forth
along the ground. The horizontal
position of the iguana in meters
over time is shown.
a) What is the displacement of the
iguana between 0s & 5s?
b) What is the distance traveled by
the iguana between 0s and 5s?
c) What is the displacement of the
iguana between 0s & 6s?
d) What is the distance traveled by
the iguana between 0s and 5s?
Solution:

a) Displacement between 0s & 5s

x = xf - xi
x = 6m – (- 2m)
x = + 8m

b) Distance between 0s & 5s

d = 2m + 6m
d = 8m
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-1/
Solution:
c) Displacement between 0s & 6s
x = xf - xi
x = 0m – (- 2m)
x = + 2m

d) Distance between 0s & 6s

d = 2m + 6m + 6m
d = 14m

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-1/
 https://sites.google.com/a/vistausd.org/physicsgraphical
analysis/displacement-position-vs-time-graph

Moving to the Moving to the

right left
Example:
Answer:

https://passionatelycurioussci.weebly.com/blog/motion-graphs-practice
 Example:

https://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/
physics/position-vs-time-graphs.html
 Problem :
A bus makes a trip
according to the position-
time graph.

What is the average

velocity of the bus during
segment A?

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/bus-makes-trip-according-position-time-graph-shown-
drawing-average-velocity-magnitude-dire-q38399250
Solution:

Average velocity = total displacement / total time

For segment A:
displacement = 10 km – 40 km = - 30 km
total elapsed time = 1.5 h – 0 h = 1.5 h

Average velocity = -30 / 1.5 = -20 km/h

Magnitude of average velocity = 20 km/h
https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/bus-makes-trip-according-position-time-graph-shown-
drawing-average-velocity-magnitude-dire-q38399250
Example:
Given the motion diagram of a car moving along a straight road:

Which position-time graph matches this motion diagram:

Answer:
–x axis in motion diagram means –y- axis in p-t graph; Slow motion
(slant), then fast motion after crossing x-axis (steeper), hence E
Example:
Which position-time graph represents the motion diagram:
Answer:
Moving to the left means negative slope (choice: D or E); starts from + x-axis
of motion diagram means +y-axis of p-t graph; crosses origin of motion
diagram means crossed x-axis of p-t graph; then moves in – x-axis; hence D

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/position-versus-time-graph-represents-
motion-shown-motion-diagram-q18496316
Example:
Which velocity-time graph matches the motion diagram:

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/
Answer:
None of the above. V-t graph should be
Example:
Given the motion diagram of a car moving along a straight road:

Which position-time graph matches this motion diagram:

 Answer:

Slow motion to the left means – area;

Faster motion to the left means – greater area
https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/
Example:

A position-time graph for an object is as follows:

Which velocity-time graph matches this motion diagram:

A. B. C. D.
Answer:

Straight line in p-t graph means zero velocity in v-t graph;

- slope means - straight line (constant V) in v-t graph

A. B. C. D.
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/247486941992914708/
Position-time graph
▪ An object moving along the x-
axis
Velocity-time graph
▪ Obtained by measuring the
slope of the position-time graph
at each instant
Acceleration-time graph
▪ Obtained by measuring the
slope of the velocity-time graph
at each instant
Acceleration and Speed
Acceleration and Speed
http://ww25.pixgood.com/examples-of-velocity.html
Check you understanding:

For each sentence determine the direction of acceleration.

As a general rule:
▪ if object is increasing speed acceleration is in the same
direction as motion
▪ if object is slowing down acceleration is in the opposite
direction
Check you understanding, continuation:
a. A car is moving eastward along Aurora Blvd and increasing its speed
from 25 mph to 45 mph.
b. A northbound car skids to a stop to avoid a reckless tricycle driver
c. An Olympic diver slows down after splashing into the water.
d. A downward falling parachutist pulls the chord and rapidly slows
down.
e. A rightward-moving Hot Wheels car slows to a stop.
f. A falling bungee-jumper slows down as she nears the concrete
sidewalk below
https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
Example:
A racehorse coming out of the gate accelerates from rest
to a velocity of 15.0 m/s due west in 1.80 s. What is its
average acceleration?
Solution:

Δv = vf − v0 = vf = −15.0 m/s.

a = Δv/Δt = (−15.0 m/s)/(1.80 s) = −8.33m/s2

answer
Example:

A particle is in motion and is accelerating. The functional form

of the velocity is
v(t) = 20t − 5t2 m/s .

a. Find the functional form of the acceleration.

b. Find the instantaneous velocity at t = 1, 2, 3, and 5 s.
c. Find the instantaneous acceleration at t = 1, 2, 3, and 5 s.
d. Interpret the results of (c) in terms of the directions of the
acceleration and velocity vectors.
Solution:
a. a(t) = dv(t)/dt = 20 − 10t m/s2
b. v(1 s) = 15 m/s , v(2 s) = 20 m/s,
v(3 s) = 15 m/s , v(5 s) = −25 m/s
c. a(1 s) = 10 m/s2 , a(2 s) = 0 m/s2,
a(3 s) = −10 m/s2 , a(5 s) = −30 m/s2
d. At t = 1 s, velocity v(1 s) = 15 m/s is + and acceleration is
+, so both v and a are in the same direction. The particle
is moving faster.
Solution, continuation:

At t = 2s, velocity has increased to v(2s) = 20 m/s, where it

is Maximum, which corresponds to the time when the a is
zero.

We see that the maximum v occurs when the slope of the

v function is zero, which is just the zero of the a function.
Solution:
At t = 3 s, velocity is v(3 s) = 15 m/s and a is -. The particle
has reduced its v and the A vector is -. The particle is
slowing down.

At t = 5 s, velocity is v(5 s) = −25 m/s and a is increasingly

-. Between the times t = 3 s and t = 5 s the particle has
decreased its v to zero and then become -, thus reversing
its direction. The particle is now speeding up again, but in
the opposite direction.
 Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Horizontal Motion
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVES

▪ Apply the equations of horizontal motion for a uniformly accelerated body

1. Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration

2. Application of Kinematics Equations

To determine unknown information about an object's motion, the process
involves the use of a problem-solving strategy, which involves the following
steps:
▪ Construct an informative diagram of the physical situation.
▪ Identify and list the given information in variable form.
▪ Identify and list the unknown information in variable form.
▪ Identify and list the equation that will be used to determine unknown
information from known information.
▪ Substitute known values into the equation and use appropriate algebraic
steps to solve for the unknown information.
▪ Check your answer to insure that it is reasonable and mathematically
correct. https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-6/Kinematic-Equations-and-Problem-Solving
 where:
Vi = initial velocity, m/s
Vf = Vi + at
Vf = final velocity, m/s
Vf 2 = Vi2 + 2a x
a = acceleration, m/s2
x = Vi t + ½ at2 t = travel time, s
t = ( t f - ti )
x = ½ (Vf + Vi )t
x = displacement, m
x = xf - xi
Example 1:

The jet plane starts from rest, accelerates with 31 m/s2, and
assumes a speed of 62 m/s before its takeoff from the ship.
Determine its displacement before takeoff.

https://web.pa.msu.edu/courses/2012summer/PHY231/lectures/section_1/ch02_1_S1_pre.pdf
Solution:
Given: Required: Formula:
Vi = 0 (at rest) x Vf 2 = Vi2 + 2a x
Vf = 62 m/s
a = 31m/s2
Manipulating the equation, to get x
𝑣𝑓 2 − 𝑣𝑖 2
𝑥 =
2𝑎
𝑣𝑓2 −𝑣𝑖 2 (62 𝑚/𝑠)2 − (0 𝑚/𝑠)2
𝑥 = = 2 = +62 m
2𝑎 2(31 𝑚/𝑠 )

answer Its displacement before takeoff is +62 m.

Example 2:

Dragsters can achieve an

average acceleration of 26.0
m/s2. Suppose a dragster
accelerates from rest at this
rate for 5.56 s.

How far does it travel in this

time?
U.S. Army Top Fuel pilot Tony “The Sarge”
Schumacher begins a race with a controlled burnout.
(credit: Lt.Col. William Thurmond. Photo Courtesy of
U.S. Army.)
Solution:
Given: Required: Formula:
Vi = 0 (at rest) x x = vit + ½ at2
t = 5.56 s
a = 26.0 m/s2

Substituting:
x = vit + ½ at2
x = 0 + ½ (26.0 m/s2)(5.56 s)2
x = +402 m

answer The dragster traveled a distance of 402 m.

Example 3:

Dragsters can achieve an

average acceleration of 26.0
m/s2. Suppose a dragster
accelerates from rest at this
rate.

Calculate the final velocity of

the dragster, if t is unknown. U.S. Army Top Fuel pilot Tony “The Sarge”
Schumacher begins a race with a controlled
burnout. (credit: Lt.Col. William Thurmond.
Photo Courtesy of U.S. Army.)
Solution:
Given: Required: Formula:
Vi = 0 (at rest) x Vf 2 = Vi2 + 2a x
a = 26.0 m/s2
x = +402 m
Vf 2 = Vi2 + 2a x
v2 = 0 + 2(26.0 m/s2)(402 m)
v2 = 2.09 × 104 m2 /s2
v =  (2.09 × 104 m2 /s2)
v = 145 m/s.
answer The dragster’s final velocity is 145 m/s.
Example 4:

A train travels at 60 m/s to the east with respect

to the ground. A businessman on the train runs
at 5 m/s to the west with respect to the train.
Find the velocity of the man with respect to the
ground.

https://www.aplusphysics.com/courses/honors/kinematics/honors_relative.html
Solution:
Given: Required: Formula:
Vtrain = 60 m/s East Vman@ground Vector Addition
Vman = 5 m/s West

Vector Addition
Vman@ground = Vtrain + Vman
Vman@ground = (+60 m/s) + (-5 m/s)
Vman@ground = +55 m/s
answer

The velocity of the man with respect to the ground is +55 m/s.
Example 5:

Two boys are in a bicycle race. John can accelerate with a

constant acceleration of 0.5 m/s2 and Paul can accelerate with a
constant acceleration of 0.75 m/s2. Paul gives John a head start
of 5 seconds.

(a) Find how long before Paul catches John.

(b) Calculate the speed of both riders when Paul catches John.
(c) How far do they travel before Paul catches John?
https://www.theproblemsite.com/reference/science/physics/study-guide/kinematics/two-body-problems-and-graphical-analysis
Solution for (a):
Given John Paul Required: Formula:
Vi 0 0 t x = vit + ½ at2
a 0.5 m/s2 0.75 m/s2
t t t-5
x x x

xJohn = vit + ½ at2 xPaul = vit + ½ at2

xJohn = 0 + ½ (0.5 m/s2)t2 xPaul = 0 + ½ (0.75 m/s2)(t-5)2
xJohn = ½ (0.5 m/s2)t2 xPaul = ½ (0.75 m/s2)(t-5)2
Solution for (a), continuation:

Equating both x:

xJohn = xPaul

½ (0.5 m/s2)t2 = ½ (0.75 m/s2)(t-5)2

Manipulating the equation by applying concepts of quadratic

equation manipulation and factoring, yields answer:
t = 27.3 s.

Answer: Paul catches John 27.3 s after John’s starting time.

Solution for (b):
Given John Paul Required: Formula:
Vi 0 0 VfJohn Vf = Vi + at
a 0.5 m/s2 0.75 m/s2 VfPaul
t 27.3 22.3
x x x

VfJohn = vit + at VfPaul = vit + at

VfJohn = 0 + (0.5 m/s2)(27.3) VfPaul = 0 + (0.75 m/s2)(22.3)
VfJohn = 13.65 m/s VfPaul = 16.73 m/s

Answer: When Paul catches John, their speed are 16.73 m/s
and 13.65 m/s, respectively
Solution for (c):
Given John Paul Required: Formula:
Vi 0 0 x x = vit + ½ at2
a 0.5 m/s2 0.75 m/s2
t 27.3 22.3
xJohn = vit + ½ at2
x x x
xJohn = 0 + ½ (0.5 m/s2)(27.3 s)2
Vf 13.65 m/s 16.73 m/s xJohn = 186.32 m

Answer:
When Paul catches John, both have traveled a distance 186.32 m.
 Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Vertical Motion
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVES

▪ Describe and analyze the motion of a free-falling body

1. Characteristics of Free Fall

2. Kinematics Equations

3. Applications of Kinematics Equations

▪ Free fall is the motion of freely falling bodies
▪ Free falling body undergoes a constant acceleration,
gravitational acceleration g = 9.8 m/s2

▪ The only force acting on the falling body is gravity

According to Galileo, in the absence of

air resistance, all objects fall to earth with
a constant acceleration a = g = 9.8 m/s2
Examples of free falling bodies:

An An
object object
dropped thrown An
from rest vertically object
Vi = 0 downward thrown
m/s Vi > 0 m/s vertically
upward
Vi > 0
m/s
KINEMATICS EQUATIONS
For free fall: a = g = - 9.8 m/s2
x = y = h = height

Vf = Vi + at Vf = Vi + gt
Vf 2 = Vi2 + 2ax Vf 2 = Vi2 + 2gh
x = Vi t + ½ at h = Vi t + ½ gt2
▪ An object in free fall experiences an acceleration of -9.8
m/s/s. (The - sign indicates a downward acceleration.)
Whether explicitly stated or not, the value of the
acceleration in the kinematic equations is -9.8 m/s/s for any
freely falling object.
▪ If an object is merely dropped (as opposed to being thrown)
from an elevated height, then the initial velocity of the
object is 0 m/s.
▪ If an object is projected upwards in a perfectly vertical
direction, then it will slow down as it rises upward. The
instant at which it reaches the peak of its trajectory, its
velocity is 0 m/s.
▪ If an object is projected upwards in a perfectly vertical
direction, then the velocity at which it is projected is equal in
magnitude and opposite in sign to the velocity that it has
when it returns to the same height. That is, a ball projected
vertically with an upward velocity of +30 m/s will have a
downward velocity of -30 m/s when it returns to the same
height.
Use the problem-solving strategy:
▪ Construct an informative diagram of the physical situation.
▪ Identify and list the given information in variable form.
▪ Identify and list the unknown information in variable form.
▪ Identify and list the equation that will be used to determine
unknown information from known information.
▪ Substitute known values into the equation and use appropriate
algebraic steps to solve for the unknown information.
▪ Check your answer to insure that it is reasonable and
mathematically correct.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-6/Kinematic-Equations-and-Problem-Solving
Example 1:
The figure below shows the
positions of a ball, at 1-s
intervals, with an initial velocity
of 4.9 m/s downward, that is
thrown from the top of a 98-m-
high building. (a) How much
time elapses before the ball
reaches the ground? (b) What is
the velocity when it arrives at
the ground?
Solution for (a):
Given: Required: Formula:
Vi = -4.9 m/s t h = vit + ½ gt2
h = -98 m
g = -9.8m/s2
Substituting: h = vit + ½ gt2
-98.0 = -4.9t - (1/2)(9.8)t2
0 = t2 + t – 20

Answer: 4.0 s elapses before the ball reaches the ground.

Solution for (b):
Given: Required: Formula:
Vi = -4.9 m/s Vf vf = vi + gt2
h = -98 m
g = -9.8m/s2
t =4s
Substituting: vf = vi + gt2
vf = -4.9 - (9.8)(4)
vf = 44.1 m/s

Answer: The ball arrives at the ground with velocity of 44.1 m/s.
Example 2:

A batter hits a baseball straight upward at home plate and

the ball is caught 5.0 s after it is struck.
(a) What is the initial velocity of the ball?
(b) What is the maximum height the ball reaches?
(c) How long does it take to reach the maximum height?
(d) What is the acceleration at the top of its path?
(e) What is the velocity of the ball when it is caught?

Assume the ball is hit and caught at the same location.

Solution for (a):
Given: Required: Formula:
T=5s Vi Vf = Vi + gt
t = -2.5 s
g = -9.8 m/s2 Reference point: strike point

Substituting: Vf = Vi + gt upward (+) travel only

0 = +Vi – (9.8 m/s2)(2.5)
Vi = +24.5 m/s

Answer: The ball’s initial velocity is 24.5 m/s upward.

Solution for (b):
Given: Required: Formula:
T=5s h h = Vi t + ½ gt2
t = -2.5 s
g = -9.8 m/s2
Vi = 24.5 m/s Reference point: strike point
Substituting: h = Vi t + ½ gt2
h = (+24.5)(2.5) + ½ (-9.8)(2.5)2
h = 61.25 – 30.625
h = 30.625 m
Answer: The ball reached the maximum height of 30.625 m.
Solution for (c):
Given: Required: Formula:
T=5s t concept of free fall
g = -9.8 m/s2
Vi = 24.5 m/s Reference point: strike point

Explanation: For free fall, the time for an object to

travel upward is the same time to go
back to its original position. Hence, the
total travel time of 5.0 sis divided by 2.
Answer: The ball reached the maximum height in 2.5 s.
Solution for (d):
Given: Required: Formula:
T=5s g concept of free fall
g = -9.8 m/s2
Vi = 24.5 m/s Reference point: strike point

Explanation: For free fall, acceleration of the object

does not change, as it is solely affected
by gravity.
Answer:
The acceleration of the ball at the top of its path is 9.8 m/s2.
Solution for (e):
Given: Required: Formula:
T=5s Vf concept of free fall
g = -9.8 m/s2
Vi = 24.5 m/s Reference point:
strike point = catch point

Explanation: For free fall, speed of the object upward

or downward at the same level is equal.
Answer:
The velocity of the ball when it is caught is 24.5 m/s South.
Example 3:
A rescue helicopter is hovering over a person whose boat has sunk. One of
the rescuers throws a life preserver straight down to the victim with an initial
velocity of 1.40 m/s and observes that it takes 1.8 s to reach the water. (a)
List the knowns in this problem. (b) How high above the water was the
preserver released? Note that the downdraft of the helicopter reduces the
effects of air resistance on the falling life preserver, so that an acceleration
equal to that of gravity is reasonable.

Answers:
a. Knowns: a = −9.8m/s2, v0 = −1.4m/s, t = 1.8s, y0 = 0m
b. y = y0+v0t−12gt2
y = v0t−12gt = −1.4m/s (1.8sec) − 12(9.8)(1.8s)2 =−18.4m
and the origin is at the rescuers, who are 18.4 m above the water.
Example 4:
A diver bounces straight up from a diving board, avoiding the diving board
on the way down, and falls feet first into a pool. She starts with a velocity of
4.00 m/s and her takeoff point is 1.80 m above the pool. (a) What is her
highest point above the board? (b) How long a time are her feet in the air?
(c) What is her velocity when her feet hit the water?

Answers:
a. v2 = v02 − 2g(y−y0),
y0 = 0, v = 0,
y = v02/2g = (4.0m/s)2/2(9.80)
y =0.82m;
Answers:

b. To the apex
v=0.41s times 2 to the board = 0.82s from the board to the water

y = y0 + v0t − 12gt2

y = −1.80m, y0 = 0, v0 = 4.0m/s

−1.8 = 4.0t − 4.9t2

4.9t2 −4.0t − 1.80 =0

solution to quadratic equation gives 1.13s

Answers:

c. v2 = v02 − 2g(y−y0)

y0 = 0
v0 = 4.0 m/s

y =−1.80 m

v = 7.16 m/s
Example 5:

A kangaroo can jump over an object 2.50 m high. (a) Considering just its
vertical motion, calculate its vertical speed when it leaves the ground. (b)
How long a time is it in the air?

Answer:

V2 = v02 − 2g(y−y0)
y0 = 0
v=0
y = 2.50m

v02 = 2gy ⇒ v0 = 2(9.80)(2.50) = 7.0m/s

Problem 1:

Calculate the displacement and velocity at times of (a) 0.500 s, (b) 1.00 s,
(c) 1.50 s, (d) 2.00 s, and (e) 2.50 s for a rock thrown straight down with an
initial velocity of 14.0 m/s from the Verrazano Narrows Bridge in New York
City. The roadway of this bridge is 70.0 m above the water.

Answers:
a. y=−8.23m v1=−18.9m/s
b. y=−18.9m v2=−23.8m/s
c. y=−32.0m v3=−28.7m/s
d. y=−47.6m v4=−33.6m/s
e. y=−65.6m v5=−38.5m/s
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTE83sP7lQg

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Accessed at
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