AV 314

LAB REPORT 06
GROUP 03
UP COUNTER AND DOWN COUNTER WITH ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON TRAFFIC
LIGHTS
SUBMITTED BY:
A/C SHAYAN BAIG 21097004

A/C ALI SULTAN 21097039

A/C DANIYAL 21097032

SUBMITTED TO:
LE FAZAL UR REHMAN
Abstract:
This lab report's objective is to use a microcontroller to simulate, design, and implement a traffic
light control system. This entails putting a counter on the hardware and integrating a 7-segment
display using the supplied code.

Task 1: Up Counter with 7 segment Display

PSEUDO CODE:
START

Initialize count to 0

DO FOREVER

Convert binary counting to BCD

Seg_Data_0 = bcd_0

Activate Segment_0

1us delay to stabilize data

Seg_Data_1 = bcd_1

Activate Segment_1

1us delay to stabilize data

Seg_Data_2 = bcd_2

Activate Segment_2

1us delay to stabilize data

Seg_Data_3 = bcd_3

Activate Segment_3

us delay to stabilize data

Increment count

IF count = 10000 THEN

count = 0

ENDIF

Delay 1 second

ENDDO

END
CODE:
const char seg[10] = {0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F, 0x6F}; // 7-segment

display codes for digits 0-9

// Function prototype for converting binary to BCD

char* Bin2Bcd(int num);

void main(void) {

char *bcd_data;

int counter = 0; // Counter variable

char i = 0; // Loop variable

int delay;

TRISB = 0x00; // Set PORTB direction to output

TRISD = 0x00; // Set PORTD direction to output

while (1) {

bcd_data = Bin2Bcd(counter); // Convert counter value to BCD

// Loop to refresh the 7-segment display

for (delay = 0; delay < 200; delay++) {

PORTD = 0x01; // Activate the first segment

for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // Loop for each segment

PORTB = seg[bcd_data[i]]; // Send BCD data to PORTB

PORTD <<= 1; // Shift to the next segment

delay_us(200); // Short delay to stabilize data

counter++; // Increment the counter

counter %= 10000; // Reset counter if it reaches 10000

Delay_ms(1000); // 1 second delay

// Function for converting a binary number to BCD

char* Bin2Bcd(int num) {

static char bcd_local[4]; // Local array to hold BCD digits

char i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

bcd_local[i] = (num % 10); // Get the least significant digit

num /= 10; // Shift right to get the next digit

return bcd_local; // Return the BCD array

SCREENSHOTS:
Task 2: Down Counter with 7-segment Display
PSEDUO CODE:
START

Initialize count to 0

DO FOREVER

Convert binary counting to BCD

Seg_Data_0 = bcd_0

Activate Segment_0

1us delay to stabilize data

Seg_Data_1 = bcd_1

Activate Segment_1

1us delay to stabilize data

Seg_Data_2 = bcd_2

Activate Segment_2

1us delay to stabilize data

Seg_Data_3 = bcd_3

Activate Segment_3

1us delay to stabilize data

Increment count

IF count = 10000 THEN

count = 0

ENDIF

Delay 1 second

ENDDO

END

CODE:
const char seg[10] = {0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F, 0x6F}; // 7-segment
display codes

for digits 0-9

// Function prototype for converting binary to BCD

char* Bin2Bcd(int num);

void main(void) {

char *bcd_data;

int counter = 9999; // Counter variable initialized to 9999

char i = 0; // Loop variable

int delay;

TRISB = 0x00; // Set PORTB direction to output for 7-segment control

TRISD = 0x00; // Set PORTD direction to output for segment activation

while (1) {

bcd_data = Bin2Bcd(counter); // Convert counter value to BCD

// Loop to refresh the 7-segment display

for (delay = 0; delay < 200; delay++) {

PORTD = 0x01; // Activate the first segment initially

for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // Loop through each segment

PORTB = seg[bcd_data[i]]; // Send BCD data to 7-segment display

PORTD <<= 1; // Move to the next segment

delay_us(200); // Short delay to stabilize data

counter--; // Decrement the counter

counter %= 10000; // Reset the counter if it reaches 10000 (wraps around)

// Delay for 1 second before next iteration

Delay_ms(1000);

// Function for converting a binary number to BCD

char* Bin2Bcd(int num) {

static char bcd_local[4]; // Local array to hold BCD digits

char i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

bcd_local[i] = (num % 10); // Extract the least significant digit

num /= 10; // Shift right to get the next digit

return bcd_local; // Return the BCD array

SCREENSHOTS:

Task 3: Traffic Lights with down counter and 7-segment display

Psuedo Code:
Define global variables:

- i, j, num, dk: unsigned short

Define function mask(num):

Switch on num:

case 0: return 0x3F; // 0 -> 0x3F (segments a, b, c, d, e, f on, g off)

case 1: return 0x06; // 1 -> 0x06 (segments b, c on, a, d, e, f, g off)

case 2: return 0x5B; // 2 -> 0x5B (segments a, b, d, e, g on, c, f off)

case 3: return 0x4F; // 3 -> 0x4F (segments a, b, c, d, g on, e, f off)

case 4: return 0x66; // 4 -> 0x66 (segments b, c, f, g on, a, d, e off)

case 5: return 0x6D; // 5 -> 0x6D (segments a, c, d, f, g on, b, e off)

case 6: return 0x7D; // 6 -> 0x7D (segments a, c, d, e, f, g on, b off)

case 7: return 0x07; // 7 -> 0x07 (segments a, b, c on, d, e, f, g off)

case 8: return 0x7F; // 8 -> 0x7F (segments a, b, c, d, e, f, g on)

case 9: return 0x6F; // 9 -> 0x6F (segments a, b, c, f, g on, d, e off)

Define function Yellow():

Loop for i from 2 to 1:

Set PORTC.F1 to 0 // Turn off red light

Set PORTC.F2 to 1 // Turn on yellow light

Set PORTC.F4 to 0 // Turn off green light

Loop for j from 0 to 49:

Display the tens digit on the 7-segment display

Display the ones digit on the 7-segment display

Delay for 10 milliseconds

Define function Red():

Loop for i from 10 to 1:

Set PORTC.F1 to 1 // Turn on red light

Set PORTC.F2 to 0 // Turn off yellow light

Set PORTC.F4 to 0 // Turn off green light

Loop for j from 0 to 49:

Display the tens digit on the 7-segment display

Display the ones digit on the 7-segment display

Delay for 10 milliseconds

Define function Green():

Loop for i from 15 to 1:

Set PORTC.F1 to 0 // Turn off red light

Set PORTC.F2 to 0 // Turn off yellow light

Set PORTC.F4 to 1 // Turn on green light

Loop for j from 0 to 49:

Display the tens digit on the 7-segment display

Display the ones digit on the 7-segment display

Delay for 10 milliseconds

Define main function:

Configure PORTC.F1, PORTC.F2, PORTC.F4, PORTD, PORTE.F0, PORTE.F1 as output pins

Initialize PORTB and PORTD to 0x00

Enter an infinite loop:

Execute Red() // Red light phase

Execute Yellow() // Yellow light phase

Execute Green() // Green light phase

CODE:
// Define global variables

unsigned short i, j, num, dk;

// Function to return 7-segment display mask for a given digit

unsigned short mask(unsigned short num) {

switch (num) {

case 0: return 0x3F; // 0 -> 0x3F (segments a, b, c, d, e, f on, g off)

case 1: return 0x06; // 1 -> 0x06 (segments b, c on, a, d, e, f, g off)

case 2: return 0x5B; // 2 -> 0x5B (segments a, b, d, e, g on, c, f off)

case 3: return 0x4F; // 3 -> 0x4F (segments a, b, c, d, g on, e, f off)

case 4: return 0x66; // 4 -> 0x66 (segments b, c, f, g on, a, d, e off)

case 5: return 0x6D; // 5 -> 0x6D (segments a, c, d, f, g on, b, e off)

case 6: return 0x7D; // 6 -> 0x7D (segments a, c, d, e, f, g on, b off)

case 7: return 0x07; // 7 -> 0x07 (segments a, b, c on, d, e, f, g off)

case 8: return 0x7F; // 8 -> 0x7F (segments a, b, c, d, e, f, g on)

case 9: return 0x6F; // 9 -> 0x6F (segments a, b, c, f, g on, d, e off)

default: return 0x00; // Default case (no segments on)

// Function to control Yellow light phase

void Yellow() {

for (i = 2; i >= 1; i--) {

// Turn off red, turn on yellow, turn off green

PORTC.F1 = 0;

PORTC.F2 = 1;

PORTC.F3 = 0;
// Display tens digit

PORTB = mask(i % 10);

PORTD.F1 = 1;

delay_ms(10);

10

PORTD.F1 = 0;

// Display ones digit

PORTB = mask(i / 10);

PORTD.F2 = 1;

delay_ms(10);

PORTD.F2 = 0;

// Function to control Green light phase

void Green() {

for (i = 15; i >= 1; i--) {

// Turn on green, turn off red and yellow

PORTC.F1 = 0;

PORTC.F2 = 0;

PORTC.F3 = 1;

// Display tens digit

PORTB = mask(i % 10);

PORTD.F1 = 1;

delay_ms(10);

PORTD.F1 = 0;

// Display ones digit

PORTB = mask(i / 10);

PORTD.F2 = 1;
delay_ms(10);

PORTD.F2 = 0;

// Function to control Red light phase

void Red() {

11

for (i = 3; i >= 1; i--) {

// Turn on red, turn off yellow and green

PORTC.F1 = 1;

PORTC.F2 = 0;

PORTC.F3 = 0;

// Display tens digit

PORTB = mask(i % 10);

PORTD.F1 = 1;

delay_ms(10);

PORTD.F1 = 0;

// Display ones digit

PORTB = mask(i / 10);

PORTD.F2 = 1;

delay_ms(10);

PORTD.F2 = 0;

// Main function

void main() {

// Configure pins as outputs

TRISC.F1 = 0; // Red light control

TRISC.F2 = 0; // Yellow light control

TRISC.F3 = 0; // Green light control

TRISB = 0x00; // 7-segment display data

PORTB = 0x00; // Initialize 7-segment display data

TRISD = 0x00; // 7-segment display control

PORTD = 0x00; // Initialize 7-segment display control

while (1) {

Red(); // Red light phase

Yellow(); // Yellow light phase

Green(); // Green light phase

SCREENSHOTS: