Annexure-I

A MICRO PROJECT ON " COLLECT INFORMATION OF FLOW MEASURING DEVICE"

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro project

Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a
variety of ways. Positive-displacement flow meters collect a fixed volume of fluid and then
count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow. A flow meter is an accurate
instrument that measures the rate of gas flow or (liquid flow) in a pipe. There are three
major meter styles for flow measurement: Positive displacement meters accumulate a fixed
volume of fluid, then release and refill the fluid, then tally how many times the volume is
filled to specify the flow. Why is Mass Flow Measurement significant within process
industries and what are the strengths of Coriolis Flow Meters and Controllers Measurement
of flow, whether it is a liquid or gas, is generally a crucial parameter in numerous processes.
Measuring flow and pressure can deliver this security to the process and personnel.
FlowMeters & Totalizers. Flow meters are devices utilized to measure the flow rate or
amount of gas or liquid in a pipe. Although numerous technologies are utilized to measure
flow, the positive displacement flow meter is distinct as it is the only one to directly
measure volume. Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid or gas movement.
Volumetric flowrate is sometimes measured in "standard cubic centimeters per minute"
(abbreviation scam), a unit accepted for usage with SI except that the additional information
connected to the unit symbol

2.0 Course outcome addressed.

a. Use relevant instruments for measuring displacement.

3.0 Proposed methodology

1. Focused on the selection of an appropriate topic for the micro-project.

2. Select the topic i.e. To Prepare a report on “ collect information of flow measuring
device.
3. Brief study on our topic.
4. Gather all information based on the topic of the micro project.
5. Analysis and study of our topic in detail.
6. Following all the above methodologies we successfully completed our microproject.

Name of
Plan
Sr. Plan start responsible
Detail of activity finish
No. date team
date
members
1 Searching the topic for micro-project

2 collect information from the internet and textbook

collect information from the Fundamental of Mechanical

3
Engineering Measurement 22443 reference book,

4 arrange all information in ms word

5 Prepare a report on it using MS word

6 print micro project

4.0 Action Plan

5.0 Resources used

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

12 GB RAM, Windows
1 Computer System 1
11 OS

2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia

Mechanical
1
Engineering
3 textbook/manual
Measurement
22443

annexure-II
Micro-Project Report

A MICRO PROJECT ON "“ collect information of flow measuring device "

1.0 Brief Introduction/Rationale

Measurement activities are given prime importance in the industry. The art of measurement
plays an important role in all branches of engineering. With advances in technology,
measurement techniques have also taken rapid strides, with many types of instrumentation
devices. innovations. refinements. The course aims at making a Mechanical Engineering
diploma holder familiar with the principles of instrumentation. transducers and
measurement of nonelectrical parameters like temperature, pressure, flow, speed, force,
and torque for engineering applications.

Flow rate measurement :

It involves the determination of the volume, mass, or weight of fluid flow per unit of time
( m3/s). obstruction meters are generally utilized for the objective. This device cannot define
the velocity of flow at a point but only the average velocity

Total flow measurement :

It involves the determination of the total amount of volume mass or weight of fluid in a
given time. For example total volume of water consumed in a month or liters of petrol filled.
it involves the summation or integration of the flow rate over the required period of time.
the positive type of meters is commonly utilized for this purpose.

Types of flow meters :

 Positive Displacement Flow Meter

 Coriolis Flow meter
 Oscillating Piston Flow Meter
 Rotary Vane Flow Meter
 Doppler Ultrasonic Flow Meter

Positive Displacement Flow Meter :

Positive displacement flow meters are the only flow meters that directly measure the
volume of fluid that passes through the flow meter. A positive displacement flow meter
executes this by frequently entrapping fluid in order to measure its flow. Positive
displacement flowmeters do not need a power supply for their operation & do not need
straight upstream & downstream pipe runs for their installation.

Coriolis Flow Meter :

The Coriolis flow meter is mainly utilized to measure the mass flow rate of liquid & in some
cases gas flow measurement. The construction of the Coriolis flow meter is displayed in the
below figure
It consists of either a pair of parallel vibrating tubes or else a single vibration tube that is
created into a configuration that has two parallel sections.

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Principal of working: A Coriolis flow meter needs force acting on a tube carrying a flowing
fluid. this force actually deforms tubes through which the fluid flow. The amount of
deformation relies directly on the mass flow rate through the tubes.

Construction & Working: Tubes are created of different materials of which stainless steel is
the most common. They are available in various shapes such as B-shape, D-shape, U-shape,
etc. The above figure indicates a U-shape tube in more detail. The tubes are anchored at
two points. The electromechanical drive unit between the two anchors excites vibrations in
each tube at the tube resonant frequency. In the tube, the fluid moves away from and back
towards the axis of oscillation, resulting in the charging angular momentum of the fluid. The
tube oscillation results in two opposing forces which twist the tube. First one way then the
other with each oscillation cycle. The output from pickup sensors is sine waves indicating
oscillation frequency. Measuring the magnitude of deformation, the mass flow rate can be
measured.

Benefits of Coriolis flow meter: its measuring principle is independent of fluids pressure,
density& velocity. Its measurements are independent o Reynold’s number. Its measurement
is also independent of upstream & downstream flow velocities. The meter has high
precision & high reliability.

Drawbacks of Coriolis flow meter: Pipeline size is limited & unavailable up to pipe size of
150mm only. The initial cost is high.

Oscillating Piston Flow Meter :

It is one of the oldest types of positive displacement meters. The oscillating piston flow
meter is displayed below figure. It consists of an accurately machined slotted cylinder that
separates the inlet part, &acylindrical piston. The motion of piston is oscillatory sine it is
constrained to move in oneplane. the central piston is constrained to move in a circular
groove eccentrically. liquid enters a cylinder containing an oscillating piston. Liquid pressure
drives the piston to oscillate & rotate onits centerhub.

As it does so, a specific volume of fluid is moved via the meter. A sensing system typically
magnetic or optical senses the pulse each time a part of oscillation occurs. Each revolution
of the piston hub is equivalent ta a fixed volume of fluid, which is shown as flow by an
indicator. These meters are appropriate fluid

Benefits of oscillating piston flow meter: It is simple to construct. It is easy to install &
maintain. At low flow rates, it gives good precision. These are highly precise meters & are
ideal for dairy, food, chemical &other sanitary applications.
Drawbacks of oscillating piston flow meter: It can be utilized for liquids only that are too
clean liquids as the meter may block due to suspended large practicals in liquid. It is fairly
costly, big & heavier than other meters utilizing different technology.

Rotary Vane Flow Meter :

The rotary vane flow meter is another kind of positive displacement flow meter. An
Arotatingvane flow meter is a sort of positive displacement meter in which the fluid passes
via a rotating set of vanes. The passage between each set of vanes delivers a specific volume
of fluid to the outlet side of the meter. Letting the flow rate be defined which is based on
the revolution of a piston. At any instance, there is one vane in the stream at any one time,
in which case the rate of rotation of the vane is proportional to the mean flow velocity. The
total number of revolutions may be utilized to show the total volume of fluid that passed
through the system the more vanes in the rotor the higher the precision of a rotary vane
meter at low flow meters. They can be utilized for flow in either direction & calibrated for
both horizontal & vertical flows.

Benefits of Rotary flow meter: It gives accurate measurement over a broad range of flow. It
has precise & high pressure & temperature ratings. It has a smaller pressure loss. Rotary
meters are utilized as domestic water meters & also used in the hot water system

Drawbacks of Rotary flow meter: It is appropriate for clean liquids. It is subjected to wear &
tear.

Doppler Ultrasonic Flow Meter :

The transducer utilizes the doppler frequency shift of ultrasonic signals reflected from
discontinuities in the fluid stream to get flow measurements. These discontinuities can be
suspended solids, bubbles, or interfaces developed by turbulent eddies in the flow stream.
the sensor is mounted on the outside of the pipe, & an ultrasonic beam from the
piezoelectric crystal is transferred through the pipe wall into the fluid at an angle to flow.
Transferred & reflected signals are compared in an electrical circuit, & the corresponding
frequency shift is proportional to the flow velocity

The basic principle of operation of the doppler ultrasonic flow meter in the below figure

Transit Time Ultrasonic Flow Meter :

Ultrasonic flow meters are based on the apparent change in the velocity of propagation of
soundwaves in a fluid with the change in the velocity of the flow of the fluid. The measured
flow velocity of the fluid is by transmitting pulses of ultrasound signal back & forth between
two piezoelectric sensors. These are up steam sensors & downstream sensors respectively
which are displayed in the below figure. the piezoelectric sensors are located on the pipe
wall opposite to each other having spacing L & signal makes an angle Q with the pipe wall.
The sensors are implanted in the flow sensor clamp. When there is no fluid, the signal
travels time in both directions. If the liquid inside the pipe is moving, the sound will travel
faster when it is sent in the same direction of liquid flow &it will travel sluggishly when it is
sent against the liquid flow. The microprocessor generates the pulse & measures elapsed
time needed for the sound travel between the piezoelectric sensors. Liquid velocity is
proportional to the difference in the upstream & downstream time measurement
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Advantages of Transit time ultrasonic flow meter :

They show negligible obstruction to the flow of fluid. Ultrasonic flow meters do not block
flow so they can be applied to sanitary, corrosive & abrasive liquids. The delivers good
precision in the order _+ 2% of the full-scale deflection. Non-invasive, no moving part, no
wear. Ultrasonic flowmeters are available in sizes 2m & larger.

Limitations of transit time ultrasonic flow meter :

Its measuring precision can be affected by installation & environment. For better result pipe,
and walls needs to be clean & free from dirt. Moderately higher cost compared with other
pipe flow meters. It requires experts to repair & maintain the flow meters

Rotameter:-

The rotameter consist of basically a metering glass tube, inside the float is located which is
an active element of a meter. The float material has specific gravity higher than that of the
fluid to be metered. The spherical slots cut on a part of the floats cause it to rotate gradually
about the axis of the tube& keep it centered. The stability of the floats is assured by
employing a guide along whom the float would side
Working of Rotameter :

With a growth in the flow rate, the floats rise in the tube & there occurs an increase in the
annular area between the floats & the tube. The floats adjust their position in relation to the
discharge through the passes the floats ride higher or lower relying on the low rate.
Rotameters are widely utilized for metering purge flow, pump-seal fluid & coolant &
lubrication for operating machinery

Advantages of Rotameter :

Low cost, direct indicating, minimum piping needed. Pressure loss in the rotameter is almost
constant & small. It can manage any corrosive fluid. It has quite good precision, particularly
at a low flow rate. It provides a linear scale. It can be compensated for charges in fluid
density &viscosity. The capacity can be changed with relative ease by changing floats, and
tubes. Condition of flowers readily visible.

Limitations of Rotameter :

It must be installed in a vertical position only. For high pressure & temperature, it is costly.
When opaque fluid is utilized, floats may not visible. It can not be utilized with liquid
carrying large percentages of solids in suspension.
2.0 Actual Resources Use

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

1 Computer System 16 GB RAM, Windows 10 OS 1

2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia

Mechanical Engineering
3 textbook/manual 1
Measurement 22443

3.0 Skill Developed

1. MS word skill
2. Communication skills
3. Able to get all information about flow measuring devices.

Conclusion

FlowMeters & Totalizers. Flow meters are devices utilized to measure the flow rate or
amount of gas or liquid in a pipe. Although numerous technologies are utilized to measure
flow, the positive displacement flow meter is distinct as it is the only one to directly
measure volume. Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid or gas movement.
Volumetric flowrate is sometimes measured in "standard cubic centimeters per minute"
(abbreviation scam), a unit accepted for usage with SI except that the additional information
connected to the unit symbol