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General Objectives: Unit 1 - Computer-Based Information Systems (Cbis)

This document provides an overview of computer-based information systems (CBIS). It discusses the concept of systems and information systems, and defines CBIS as a computerized information system. The document outlines the general and specific objectives of understanding CBIS, including learning the components, roles, functions, and development models of CBIS. It describes the characteristics of systems and information, and identifies the key components of CBIS as hardware, software, data, procedures, and humans. Development models for CBIS discussed include flowcharts, data flow diagrams, and project planning models like PERT charts and Gantt charts.

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2K views9 pages

General Objectives: Unit 1 - Computer-Based Information Systems (Cbis)

This document provides an overview of computer-based information systems (CBIS). It discusses the concept of systems and information systems, and defines CBIS as a computerized information system. The document outlines the general and specific objectives of understanding CBIS, including learning the components, roles, functions, and development models of CBIS. It describes the characteristics of systems and information, and identifies the key components of CBIS as hardware, software, data, procedures, and humans. Development models for CBIS discussed include flowcharts, data flow diagrams, and project planning models like PERT charts and Gantt charts.

Uploaded by

alia_azizi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

GENERAL OBJECTIVES To learn and understanding the concept of system, information system dan computer-based information system. To identify the roles and function of CBIS. To determine models associated with the development of CBIS.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit, students should be able to: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Learn and understand the concept of information systems and CBIS. Determine the characteristics of systems and information systems. Differentiate between data and information. Identify the roles & functions of CBIS. Determine the components invoved in CBIS. Determine the models associated with the development of CBIS.

ALIA AZIZI/P2113/BUSINESS IT/2012

UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CBIS


Computer-based Information Systems (CBIS) usage are widely used, it is not only limited to the big organisation, in fact it is being used by small and medium organisation as well as the individuals at home. This proves the importance of information systems in our lives. Thus, it is relevant for us to understand in depth the concept of information systems, its components and its benefits.

1.2.1 CONCEPT OF SYSTEMS


System is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals. Characteristics of a system are as follows: a. Purpose Goals or objectives to be achieved. b. Component Combination of elements and known as sub-system. c. Boundary The line separator between the outside and inside the system. Boundary isolating a system with its environment. d. Interface Points or paths at the boundaries where inputs from the environment goes into the system and output from the system goes out to the environment. E. Input Any object or element that comes from the environment into the system. Inputs are needed in order to enable the components of sub-system works and functioning.

F. Output
Inputs goes into the system will be processed dan goes out to the environment as outputs.

ALIA AZIZI/P2113/BUSINESS IT/2012

UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

Input from environment comes through interface

Output goes out from the system to the environment through interface

Sub-system

Sub-system

Interface

Sub-system

Sub-system

Output goes out from the system to the environment through interface

Interface

ENVIRONMENT
FIGURE 1.1: Characteristics of System

g. Data Data is the input to an information system. Data is something that is raw, unprocessed and has its own meaning. For example, letter, number, image, sound or video. h. Information A collection of data organized in such a way that they have additional value. For instance, report format, graf or display on the screen.

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UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

1.2

CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUABLE INFORMATION FOR USER


1.2.1 Accurate Information free from errors. Inaccurate information might leads the user to made a wrong decision. 1.2.2 Complete Perfect and complete information means that users requirements is fullfilled. 1.2.3 Reliable Information has high reliability where it can be a trustful reference source when needed. Relevant Information that fulfilled users needs and wants. Economical Information must have the characteristics of cost effective, where the investment to produce the information are lower that its income or profit it gained. Flexible Information can be use by user and for any purpose.

1.2.4

1.2.5

1.2.6

1.2.7 Simple Information should be in an easy to understand form. Too much information can cause an overflow information to the user. 1.2.8 Timely This is an important characteristic because an information that lapse of tome might be not useful anymore. When a user needs the information at one time and one place, that information system should have the ability to produce an information right on time. Secure Information should at least has the security characteristics to ensure only the right person has the right to own the information.

1.2.9

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UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

1.3 INFORMATION SYSTEM


Information system is a set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Main functions of an information system are: To receive Input where it refers to the activity of gathering and capturing data. Processing refers to converting or transforming data into useful outputs. Output is the generation of information that is use outside the system. It is an useful information, usually in the form of documents and/or reports. Data storage is the place to store information for the future reference or usage.

1.4 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM (CBIS)


An information system can be categorized into two, manual and computerized system. A computerized system is also known as a computer-based information system. Before the existence of computer, information system are done manually where the process of gathering and collecting data is being done without using computer. Nowadays,an information system use computer where almost every organization use computer until the term of information system itself has become synonym with the CBIS.

1.4.1

Computer and Information System Both complements each other. An accurate, systematic and fast information system can exist through the use of computer.

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UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

1.5

ROLES & FUNCTIONS OF CBIS


1.5.1 ROLES OF CBIS Information system has 5 main function as follows: input, process, output, storage, control

Figure 1.2 shows five function or information system activities and its relationship.

HUMAN RESOURCES (Information System Expert & End-User)

ORGANIZATION

DATA SOURCE (Data & Basic Knowledge)

CONTROL on system achievement

HARDWARE SOURCE (Machines & Devices)

INPUT source

PROCESS data into information

OUTPUT Final result

SOFTWARE SOURCE (Programming & Procedure)

STORAGE data source

7 Penggunan akhir

FEEDBACK NETWORK SOURCE (Media Communication & Support Network)

7 Penggunan akhir

Source : Management Information Sistem by James A.OBrien.

FIGURE 1.2: System Functions

7 Penggunan akhir 7 Penggunan akhir

ALIA AZIZI/P2113/BUSINESS IT/2012

6 7 Penggunan akhir

UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

1.5.2

Fucntion of CBIS a. Input Raw material either comes from the organization or external environment to be processed. b. Process To convert raw material into useful information. c. Output To distribute processed information for human usage. d. Storage Storage space for the source of data that has been converted into the form of information. e. Control To control flows and ensure the achievement or progress of the information system.

1.6 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM


1.6.1 Hardware Physical devices of computer. For example: Keyboard, monitor, Central Processing Unit (CPU), mouse, printer, etc. Hardware is use for the purpose of entering data, processing data into information, distributing and storing the information. While communication devices enables sharing of information through networking. Software Instructional set that moves the hardware. For instance: Microsoft Word, Access, etc. In general, computer software can be divided into two types; system software and application software. Both types of software are developed by using the programming language. Human Produce product, provide service, solve problem and made decision. Human that use computer are also known as the end user or user. Data Consists of all data that is being stored and being used by the information system. Data may also consists facts, numbers, letters, image, audio and video. Basic development of data comprised letters, special sysmbols such as (?), (;), etc.

1.6.2

1.6.3

1.6.4

ALIA AZIZI/P2113/BUSINESS IT/2012

UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

1.6.5

Procedure Instruction that explains how to handle and use the information system.
Figure 1.3 shows the direction of data to computer for information processing.

Hardware Data Procedure Data

Software Information Human

Source : Management Information System by James A.OBrien.

FIGURE 1.3: Computer-Based Information System

1.7 CBIS MODEL


Model in system development can be defined as the representation of certaon parts that is taken from the real world. In certain circumstances, model is same as the real product. There are model that can be shown in the form of graphic and animation. For the development of information system, model consistes of input, output, process, data, object, object interaction, location, networking and associated devices. Model that is used in the development od information system is the Project Planning Model, such as PERT chart and GANTT chart. These model shows the representation of the system development project itself, which emphasise on the assignment or activities and the completion date for each activities. Other model that are related with the project management is the chart that shows the distribution of workforce for a project. This chart is known as Organizational Hierarchy Chart. Schedule 1.1 shows models needed in the development process of an Information System.

ALIA AZIZI/P2113/BUSINESS IT/2012

UNIT 1 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

Component Model System

Flowchart Data Flow Diagram Entity-Relationship Diagram Structure Chart Case-Usage Diagram Class Diagram Flow Diagram

Management of Process Development Model

PERT Chart GANTT Chart Organization Structure Chart Financial Analysis NPV Model Return On Investment (ROI)
Source : Management Information System by James A.OBrien.

Schedule 1.1: System Development Model

ALIA AZIZI/P2113/BUSINESS IT/2012

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