ExciterAC7BandESAC7B

Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model
VR EF
1 1 + sTR
2
+ +

EC

V UEL

VRM AX
KIR sKDR + s 1+ sTDR
3
4
+

VAMAX

K P VT

VFEMAX -K D I FD K E +S E (VE )
+

Speed

1
VE 1

Spdmlt

VC VS

KPR +

KPA +

KIA VA s 5

-K L VFE

1 sTE

FEX

E FD

VR M IN

VAM IN

VEM IN
VX = VE SE (VE )
VX

KF 2

FEX = f ( IN )
IN

sKF3 1+ sTF

VFE
+

+ +

KE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - K IR 4 - K DR 5 - VA 6 - Feedback

AC7B supported by PSSE ESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

KD KF1

ExciterAC8B
Exciter AC8B IEEE 421.5 2005 AC8B Excitation System

VCOMP
1 1 + sTR
2

VREF
+ +

VS

VPIDMAX
+

VRMAX
KA 1 + sTA
5
+

VFEMAX -K D I FD K E +S E (VE )
V
R

K sKDR KPR + IR + s 1+ sTDR

VPIDMIN
3
4

1 sTE

FEX

E FD

VUEL

VOEL

VRMIN VFE

VEM IN

FEX = f ( I N )
IN

K E + S E (VE )

IN =

K C I FD VE

KD
States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID 1 4 - PID 2 5 - VR
Model supported by PSSE

I FD

ExciterBPA_EA
Exciter BPA_EA Continuously Acting DC Rotating Excitation System Model
VST B

Regulator

VRM AX
+

Exciter

Filter
VT

1 1 + sTR

KA 1+ sTA

1 1+ sTA1

4 +

1 sTE

E FD

VRM IN
VREF
5

Stabilizer sKF 1+ sTF

SE + KE

States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VR1 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAEB
Exciter BPA EB Westinghouse Pre-1967 Brushless Excitation System Model
Regulator
VST B
VT

Exciter VRM AX
E FD M AX

Filter
1 1 + sTR
2

+ +

KA 1+ sTA

1 1+ sTA1

4 +

1 sTE

E FD
E FD M IN = 0

VREF
5

VRM IN Stabilizer
sKF 1+ sTF
6

SE + KE

1 1+ sTF1

States 1 - E FD before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VR1 5 - VF 6 - VF1 Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAEC
Exciter BPA EC Westinghouse Brushless Since 1966 Excitation System Model
Regulator
VST B

Exciter VRM AX
E FD M AX
+

VT

KA 1+ sTA

3 1 1+ sTA1

1 sTE

E FD
E FD M IN = 0

VREF
4

VRM IN Stabilizer sKF 1+ sTF

SE + KE SE + KE

States 1 - E FD before limit 2 - VR 3 - VR1 4 - VF

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAED
Exciter BPA ED SCPT Excitation System Model
VR EF
' VT

Regulator VRM AX
+

Exciter
VBM AX VB
0

1 1 + sTR

+ +

KA 1+ sTA

4 + 1 1+ sTA1 VR

1 sTE

E FD

VRM IN
VS

KE
5

VT IT
0.78 I FD A= VTH EV If A > 1, V B = 0
2

VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT

IFD

VTH EV

sK F 1 + sTF

Stabilizer

1 A

States 1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR 5 - Feedback

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAEE
Exciter BPA EE Non-Continuously Active Rheostatic Excitation System Model
Regulator VRM AX
' VT

Exciter
E FD M AX

If: VT KV , VR = VRMAX VT < KV , VR = VRH VT KV , VR = VRMIN

' KA 1+ sTRH

VRH
2

VR

1 sTE

E FD
E FD M IN

VREF

VRM IN

SE + KE

' VT

VT
* NOTE: If the time constant TRH is equal to zero, this block is represented as K 'A /s

' VT O

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - VRH

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAEF
Exciter BPA EF Westinghouse Continuous Acting Brushless Rotating Alternator Excitation System Model

Regulator
VSO
+

Exciter
E FD M AX
2 +

VRM AX
+

VT ( TR = 0 )

KA (1+ sTA ) s
VRM IN
3

1 sTE

E FD
E FD M IN = 0

VREF

SE + KE SE + KE

Stabilizer sKF 1+ sTF

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - VR 3 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAEG
Exciter BPA EG SCR Equivalent Excitation System Model

Regulator
VR EF
+

VRM AX

VT

KA 1+ sTA

1 1+ sTA1 VR

E FD

VSO
3

VRM IN
sK F 1 + sTF

Stabilizer

States 1 - EField 2 - VA 3 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAEJ
Exciter BPA EJ Westinghouse Static Grand Couple PP#3 Excitation System Model

Regulator
VSO
' VT

Filter 1 1+ sTR

VRM AX
+

E FD M AX
1

KA 1+ sTA

1 1+ sTA1

E FD M IN

E FD

VREF
4

VRM IN Stabilizer sKF 1+ sTF

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAEK
Exciter BPA EK General Electric Alterrex Excitation System Model
Regulator
VSO
+

Exciter VRM AX
E FD M AX

VT (TR =0)

KA 1+ sTA

1 1+ sTA1

3 +

1 sTE

E FD
E FD M IN = 0

VREF
4

VRM IN Stabilizer sKF 1+ sTF

SE + KE

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - VR 3 - VR1 4 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFA
Exciter BPA FA WSCC Type A (DC1) Excitation System Model

VREF
VT IT

VS
+

VRM AX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC

1 1 + sTR

VERR
+

KA 1+ sTA

VR +
4

1 sTE

E FD
1

VF

VRM IN
5

VFE

SE + KE

sK F 1 + sTF

States 1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFB
Exciter BPA FB WSCC Type B (DC2) Excitation System Model

VREF
VT IT

VS
+

VT VRM AX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC

1 1 + sTR

VERR
+

KA 1+ sTA

VR +
4

1 sTE

E FD
1

VF

VT VRMIN
5

VFE

SE + KE

sK F 1 + sTF

States 1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFC
Exciter BPA FC WSCC Type C (AC1) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC

1 1 + sTR

VERR VS
+ +

VRM AX

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA

VR

1 sTE

VE

FEX

E FD

VF

VRMIN
5

FEX = f ( IN )
IN

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

sKF 1+ sTF

VFE

KE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

KD

ExciterBPAFD
Exciter BPA FD WSCC Type D (ST2) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC

1 1 + sTR

VERR

VRMAX
+

EFDMAX
3
+

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN
4

VR

1 sTE

E FD

VS

VF

VB
sK F 1 + sTF

0
KE

VT IT

VE = KPVT + jKI IT

VE

If K P = 0. and K I = 0., VB = 1.

States

IFD

KI IN = C FD VE

1 - EField

IN

FEX = f ( IN )

FEX

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFE
Exciter BPA FE WSCC Type E (DC3) Excitation System Model

VREF
VT IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC

1 1 + sTR

KV
VERR

VRM AX
VRMAX VRMIN sKV TRH
VRH 3

K V

VRMIN

If VERR KV , VR = VRMAX If VERR < KV , VR = VRH

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VRH
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
+

If VERR KV , VR = VRMIN

VR

1 sTE

E FD

VFE

KE + SE

ExciterBPAFF
Exciter BPA FF WSCC Type F (AC2) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT
+

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VC

1 1 + sTR

VERR

VS
+ +

VAMAX
4

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

VRM AX
LV Gate

KA 1+ sTA
VAMIN

VA

KB
VRM IN

VR

VF

VL

1 sTE

VE

FEX

E FD

VH

KL KH

VLR
5

FEX = f ( IN )
VFE IN

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL

sKF 1+ sTF

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

KD

5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFG
Exciter BPA FG WSCC Type G (AC4) Excitation System Model

VREF
VT IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VERR

VC

1 1 + sTR

(VRM AX K C I FD )
3

VIM AX
+ +

VIM IM

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA

VS

(VRM IN

E FD K C I FD )

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFH
Exciter BPA FH WSCC Type H (AC3) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT
+

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VERR

VC

1 1 + sTR

KLV VAMAX

VLV

VS

+ +

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

HV Gate

KA 1+ sTA
VAMIN

VA

KR

VR

1 sTE

VE 1

FEX = f ( IN )
IN FEX

E FD

VF

0
VFE

VN

KN KF
EFD

s 1+ sTF

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

E FDN

KD

ExciterBPAFH
Exciter BPA FH WSCC Type H Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT
+

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VERR

VC

1 1 + sTR

VAMAX

VS

+ +

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA
VAMIN

VA

KR

VR

1 sTE

VE 1

FEX = f ( IN )
IN FEX

E FD

VF

VEMIN
VFE

VN

KN KF
EFD

s 1+ sTF

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

E FDN

KD

ExciterBPAFJ
Exciter BPA FJ WSCC Type J Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VERR

VC

1 1 + sTR

VRM AX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

KA 1+ sTA

(VT E FDM AX K C I FD ) E FD K C I FD )

VS

VF
4

VRM IN
sKF 1+ sTF

(VT E FDM IN

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFK
Exciter BPA FK WSCC Type K (ST1) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VERR

VC

1 1 + sTR

(VT VRM AX K C I FD )

VIM AX
+

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA

VS

VIM IM
4

(VT VRM IN

E FD K C I FD )

VF

sKF 1+ sTF

States 1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA

ExciterBPAFL
Exciter BPA FL WSCC Type L (ST3) Excitation System Model
VREF
VT IT

VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT

VERR

VC

1 1 + sTR

VGMAX KG
VG

VS
+ +

VIM AX

VRM AX
KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN
1

VIM IN

KJ

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

E FDMAX
VR

VA

VB

E FD

VREF
VT IT

VE = K PVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT

VE

K P = KPe j p
FEX

IFD
States 1 - VM 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL Model in the public domain, available from BPA

KI IN = C FD VE

IN

FEX = f ( IN )

ExciterBPAFMthroughBPAFV
Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV

No block diagrams have been created

ExciterDC4B
Exciter DC4B IEEE 421.5 2005 DC4B Excitation System Model
O EL (O EL=1)

Alternate OEL Inputs

O EL (O EL=2)

VUEL
(UEL=1)

VUEL
Alternate UEL Inputs
(UEL=2)

Speed VT
LV Gate

VREF

VT VRM AX
KA 1+ sTA
VT VRMIN
VR
+

VRMAX K A
EC

0 Spdmlt

1 1 + sTR

2 +
+

K sKD KP + I + s 1+ sTD
3
4

HV Gate

1 sTE

E FD

VEMIN
+

VS

VF

VRMIN K A

VX = VE SE (VE )

KE
States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID1 4 - PID2 5 - VR 6 - Feedback
Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
6

sKF 1+ sTF

ExciterESAC1A
Exciter ESAC1A IEEE Type AC1A Excitation System Model

VS
EC
2
+ +

V UEL
VAMAX
4

Speed VRM AX 1
0

Spdmlt

1 1 + sTR

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA

HV Gate

LV Gate

VR

1 sTE

VE

FEX

E FD

VREF

VF

VAMIN

VRM IN

0
VX = VE SE (VE )
VFE
VX
+

VO EL
5

FEX = f ( IN )

sKF 1+ sTF

KE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

KD

ExciterESAC2A
Exciter ESAC2A IEEE Type AC2A Excitation System Model

EC

VREF

VS
4

VAMAX
1+sTC 1+sTB
KA + 3 1+sTA V A

VU EL

VO EL
HV Gate LV Gate

VRMAX
+ VR

VFEMAX -K D I FD K E +S E (VE )

Speed 1
1

+ + 1 1+sTR 2 VF

Spdmlt

KB

1 sTE
0

VE

E FD

VAMIN

VH
5

VRMIN

FEX

KH
sK F 1+sTF

VX =VE SE (VE )
+ VX

FEX =f(I N )
IN
IN = K C I FD VE

KE

States 1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

+ VFE

KD

I FD

ExciterESAC3A
Exciter ESAC3A IEEE Type AC3A Excitation System Model

KR
EC
2

VR EF
1 VC 1 + sTR
+

VUEL
VAMAX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
HV Gate
+

VFEMAX -K D I FD K E +S E (VE )
1 sTE
1

Speed 1
0

Spdmlt

3 + KA V 1+ sTA VA R

VE

FEX

E FD

VS

VAMIN
VF

VEMIN
VX = VE SE (VE )
VX
+ +

VFE

FEX = f ( IN )
IN

States 1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
5

KE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

KD
s 1+ sTF
VN VN
KN KF
EFD

ExciterESAC4A
Exciter ESAC4A IEEE Type AC4A Excitation System Model
VUEL
VR EF
1 1 + sTR
2
+

VIM AX
VI

VRMAX -K C I IFD
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3
HV Gate

EC

KA 1+ sTA

E FD

VIM IN

VRMIN

VS

States
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL Model supported by PSLF and PSSE PSSE uses nonwindup limit on E FD

ExciterESAC5A
Exciter ESAC5A IEEE Type AC5A Excitation System Model
EC

VR EF
1 1 + sTR
2
+ +

VRMAX
KA 1+ sTA
3
+

1 sTE

E FD

VS

VRMIN
4

0
VX = VE S E (VE )

sKF (1+ sTF3 ) (1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )

If TF2 =0, then sTF3 =0.

VX
+

KE

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - Feedback 1 5 - Feedback 2 Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

ExciterESAC6A
Exciter ESAC6A IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System Model
Speed
EC

VR EF
+ +

VUEL

VAMAX
3

1 1 + sTR

VC
VS

KA (1+ sTK ) 1+ sTA

VT VRM AX

Spdmlt

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

4 +

VA

VAMIN

VR

1 sTE

VE

FEX

E FD

VT VRM IN

0
VX = VE SE (VE )

FEX = f ( IN )
IN

1+ sTJ 1+ sTH

VHMAX
VH

KH

VX
+

VFELIM

VFE

KE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

States 1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - TA Block 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

KD

ExciterESAC8B_GE
Exciter ESAC8B_GE IEEE Type AC8B with Added Speed Multiplier.

VREF VCOMP
1 1 + sTR
2
+

K PR

VRMAX
+

VFEMAX -K D I FD K E +S E (VE )
5
+

Speed 1
0

Spdmlt

K IR s

3
+

KA 1 + sTA

V
R

1 sTE

FEX

E FD

VRMIN VS
sK DR 1 + sTDR
4

VEM IN
VFE

FEX = f ( I N )
IN

K E + S E (VE )

IN =

K C I FD VE

KD
States 1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID 1 4 - PID 2 5 - VR Model supported by PSLF If VTMULT <> 0, VRMAX = VT VRMAX and VRMIN = VT VRMIN

I FD

ExciterESAC8B_PTI
Exciter ESAC8B_PTI Basler DECS Model

VR EF VC
1 1 + sTR
2
+ +

K PR

VRMAX
+

K IR s

4
+

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VR

1 sTE

E FD

VS

0
VX = EFD SE ( EFD)
VX
+

sK DR 1 + sTD

KE

States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - Derivative Controller 4 - Integral Controller 5 - VR

Model supported by PSSE

ExciterESDC1A
Exciter ESDC1A IEEE Type DC1A Excitation System Model
VR EF
EC
2 1 1 + sTR VC
+

VUEL
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
HV Gate

VRMAX
KA 1+ sTA
3 +

VR

1 sTE

E FD

VS

VRMIN
VF VFE
VX +

0
VX = EFD SE ( EFD)

KE

sK F 1 + sTF 1

States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - Lead-Lag Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in the Simulator implementation

ExciterESDC2A
Exciter ESDC2A IEEE Type DC2A Excitation System Model
VR EF
EC

VUEL
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
HV Gate

VT VRMAX
KA 1+ sTA
3 +

1 1 + sTR

VC
VS

VR

1 sTE

E FD

VT VRMIN
VF VFE

VX = EFD SE ( EFD)
VX
+

KE

sK F 1 + sTF 1

States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - Lead-Lag Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in Simulator

ExciterESDC3A
Exciter ESDC3A IEEE Type DC3A with Added Speed Multiplier

VREF

VC

1 1 + sTR

1 +

VERR

KV

VRMAX
VRMAX VRMIN sKV TRH
VRMIN
3

K V

VRH

VX

VX = EFD SE ( EFD)
1

Speed
0

If VERR KV , VR = VRMAX If VERR KV , VR = VRMIN Else VR = VRH

Spdmlt

VR
+

1 KE + sTE

E FD

If exclim <> 0 then 0 else unlimited

States 1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VRH

Model supported by PSLF

ExciterESST1A
Exciter ESST1A IEEE Type ST1A Excitation System Model
U EL (U EL=1)

Alternate UEL Inputs

U EL (UEL=3)

S (V O S=1)

EC

U EL (U EL=2)

Alternate Stabilizer Inputs

HV Gate

S (VO S=2)

VAMAX
KA 1+ sTA
VAMIN
1 +
+

1 1 + sTR

2
+

VIM AX
+

VI VIM IN

(1+ sTC )(1+ sTC1 ) (1+ sTB )(1+ sTB1 )

3
4

VT VRMAX -K C I FD
HV Gate LV Gate

VA

E FD VT VRM IN

VREF VF

VO EL

KLR

0
States 1 - VA 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL 4 - LL1 5 - Feedback
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
5

I FD
+

sKF 1+ sTF

I LR

ExciterESST2A
Exciter ESST2A IEEE Type ST2A Excitation System Model
VR EF
EC

VUEL
VRMAX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
HV Gate

EFDMAX
3

1 1 + sTR

VC
VS

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN
4

VR

VB

1 sTE

E FD

VF

0
KE

sK F 1 + sTF

VT IT

VE = KPVT + jKI IT

VE

If K P = 0 and K I = 0, VB = 1

IFD
States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

FEX = f ( IN )

FEX

Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes UEL input that is read but not utilized in Simulator

ExciterESST3A
Exciter ESST3A IEEE Type ST3A Excitation System Model
VGMAX
VS
EC
+

VUEL
VIM AX VI
HV Gate

KG

VRMAX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
4

VG

VMMAX
KM 1+ sTM
VMMIN
1

1 1 + sTR

VIM IN

VA

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

3 +

VR

VM

VB

E FD

VREF
VT IT

VBMAX

VE = K PVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT

VE

K P = KPe jP
IFD

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

FEX = f ( IN )

FEX

States 1 - VM 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - LL Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

ExciterESST4B
Exciter ESST4B IEEE Type ST4B Potential- or Compound-Source Controlled-Rectifier Exciter Model

VUEL
VCO M P
1 1 + sTR
+ 2

VS

KG

VRMAX
+

VMMAX
4

K KPR + IR s
VRMIN
VT IT

VR

1 1+ sTA

3 +

KPM +
VMMIN

KIM s

LV Gate

VB

E FD

VREF

VO EL
VE

VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT

FEX = f ( IN )

VBMAX

K P = KPe jP
IFD
States 1 - VM 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

FEX

Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes VGMAX input that is read but not utilized in Simulator

ExciterEWTGFC
Exciter EWTGFC Excitation Control Model for Full Converter GE Wind-Turbine Generators
Reactive Pow er Control M odel

VC
1 1 + sTR
4

VRFQ
+

1 fN

KIV s KPV 1+ sTV

Q REF
0

5
+

Q M AX

Q M IN

3 +

1 1+ sTFV

PFAREF Pelec

tan

1 1+ sTP

1
pfaflg

Q M AX Q gen
+

VMAX
K QI s
1

I QM AX
VREF
+

Q REF

1
varflg

KVI s
I QMIN

IQCMD
2

Q M IN

VMIN
pqflag

VT ER M

States 1 - Vref 2 - E qppcmd 3 - K PV 4 - VregMeas 5 - K IV 6 - QORD 7 - PMeas

Model supported by PSLF
+

Converter Current Limit

PORD

VT ER M
+

I PM AX I PCMD
1
0

Pelec

K dbr
0

Pdbr

E BST

1 s

ExciterEX2000
Exciter EX2000 IEEE Type AC7B Alternator-Rectifier Excitation System Model

Field Current Limiter

EC

VRMAX
1 1 + sTR
2

VAMAX
+

KP ETRM
Minimum VA Gate 1
3

VEMAX

K PR +

K IR s

VF

K PA +

K IA s

1 sTE

VE

FEX

E FD

REF
Reference Signal

VRMIN
1st PI Controller

VAMIN 2nd PI Controller

K L VFE
VFE

VEMIN
VX = VE SE (VE )
VX
+

FEX = f ( IE )

KF 2

If field current limiter is included, VEMAX is off. V -K I If field current limiter is excluded, VEMAX = FEMAX D FD K E +SE (VE ) States 1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VAPI 4 - VRPI 5 - LL 6 - IFD PI Model supported by PSSE

KE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

KD KF1

ExciterEX2000REFERENCESIGNALMODEL
Exciter EX2000 Reference Signal Model

Frequency

KVHZ

QELEC

SBASE Machine MVA BASE

1 ETERM

Reactive Current

KRCC

VREF VUEL VSTB

+ +

REFLIMP
Minimum Gate 2

REF

Reference Signal M odel

Model supported by PSSE

ExciterEX2000FIELDCURRENTLIMITERMODEL
Exciter EX2000 Field Current Limiter Model

IFD REF1

Level Detector

Output =1 if level exceeded

Latch Gate 1
OR

Inverse Timing
IFD REF2
( I 1, T 1)
( I 2, T 2) ( I 3, T 3) ( I 4, T 4)
Output =1 if timing expired

Latch Gate 2
IFD LIM P

IFD
A
C

KPIFD +
IFD REF3
D

KIIFD s

To Minimum Gate 1

IFD LIM N
3rd PI Controller

IFD REF4

B
S w itch O peratio n O u tp u t D = B if C = 0 O u tp ut D = A if C = 1

1+ sTLEAD 1+ sTLAG

IFD ADVLIM
Advance Lim it

Model supported by PSSE

Field Current Lim iter M odel (Over Excitation Lim iter)

ExciterEXAC1
Exciter EXAC1 IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System Model
VREF
EC

VS
+ +

VRM AX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
4

1 1 + sTR

VC

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VR

1 sTE

VE

FEX

E FD

VF

FEX = f ( IN )
5

sKF 1+ sTF

VFE

States 1 - VE

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VLL 5 - VF

KD

Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF also uses VAMIN and VAMAX Simulator will narrow the limit range as appropriate when loading the DYD file If VAMIN > VRMIN then VRMIN = VAMIN If VAMAX < VRMAX then VRMAX = VAMAX Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

ExciterEXAC1A
Exciter EXAC1A Modified Type AC1 Excitation System Model

VREF
EC

VS
+ +

VRM AX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
4

1 1 + sTR

VC

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

3 +

VR

1 sTE

VE

FEX

E FD

VF

0
VFE

FEX = f ( IN ) KC IFD VE
I FD

KE + SE

IN =

KD

States 1 - VE

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VLL

sKF 1+ sTF

5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

ExciterEXAC2
Exciter EXAC2 IEEE Type AC2 Excitation System Model

VREF
EC

VS
+ +

VAMAX
4

1 1 + sTR V C

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

VRM AX
+

KA 1+ sTA
VAMIN

VA

LV Gate

KB
VRM IN

VF

VH

VR

VL

1 sTE

VE 1

FEX

E FD

KL KH

VLR
5

FEX = f ( IN )
VFE IN

sKF 1+ sTF

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

States 1 - VE

KD

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

ExciterEXAC3
Exciter EXAC3 IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model

VREF
EC

VS
+ +

KLV VAMAX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
4

1 1 + sTR

VLV

VFEMAX
1 sTE
VE 1

VC

HV Gate

KA 1+ sTA
VAMIN

VA

KR

VR

FEX = f ( IN )
IN FEX

E FD

VF

0
VFE

VN

KN KF
EFD

s 1+ sTF

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

EFD N

KD
States 1 - VE

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

ExciterEXAC3A
Exciter EXAC3A IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model
KR VAMAX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
4
+

VREF
EC

VEMAX

Speed

1 1 + sTR

2 +

VC +

KA 1+ sTA
VAMIN

VA

VR

1 sTE
VEMIN

VE 1

FEX = f ( IN )
IN FEX

E FD

VS
VF

VFE

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE

VN

KN KF
EFD

s 1+ sTF

KD

I FD

States 1 - VE

EFD N

VFEMAX = VEMAX = VEMIN =

( K L1VC +VS +VREF -VC -VF )

K FA K L1

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSLF

( VFEMAX -K D I FD )
S E +K E VLV FEX

ExciterEXAC4
Exciter EXAC4 IEEE Type AC4 Excitation System Model

VREF
EC
+

VS
+

VIM AX

VRM AX -K C I IFD

1 1 + sTR

VERR +

VIM IN

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA

E FD

VRM IN -K C I IFD

States

1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL

Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

ExciterEXAC6A
Exciter EXAC6A IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System Model

VREF
EC

VAMAX
KA (1+ sTk ) 3 1+ sTC 1+ sTB 1+ sTA
VAMIN
VHM AX
5
4
+

1 1 + sTR

VT VRM AX

Speed

VA

VR

VS

VT VRMIN

1 sTE
0

VE 1

FEX

E FD

FEX = f ( IN )
IN

1+ sTJ 1+ sTH

VH
0

KH

+ +

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

VFELIM

VFE

KD

States 1 - VE

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - TA Block 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXAC8B
Exciter EXAC8B Brushless Exciter with PID Voltage Regulator

VR EF
EC

KVP

VRM AX
KVI s
5
+ +

Speed
+

1 1 + sTR

2
+

+ VIM AX

-VIM AX

1 1+ sTA
VRMIN

1 sTE
0

VE 1

FEX = f ( IN )
IN FEX

E FD

VS

sKVD 1 + sTVD

+ +

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

VFE

KD

States

1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - Derivative 5 - Integral

Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXBAS
Exciter EXBAS Basler Static Voltage Regulator Feeding DC or AC Rotating Exciter Model
VREF
EC

VST B
+ + +

1 1 + sTR

+ +

VRM AX
KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN
3
+

KP +

KI s

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

1 sTE

VE 1

FEX

E FD

VU EL

VO EL
7

FEX = f ( IN )
IN

sKF 1+ sTF

1+ sTF1 1+ sTF 2

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

KD
States 1 - VE

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - PI 5 - LL 6 - Feedback LL 7 - Feedback Model supported by PSSE

ExciterEXBBC
Exciter EXBBC Transformer-fed Excitation System
VREF
EC

1 1+ sTF

+ +

1+ sT3 1+ sT4

VRM AX
+

T K 2 T1

VRMIN

1 1+ sTE

E T E FDMAX

E FD

E T E FDMIN

1 T1 1 1 K T2 1+ sT2
Sw itch = 0 Sw itch = 1

XE
I FD

Supplem ental Signal

Model supported by PSLF but not yet implemented in Simulator

ExciterEXDC1
Exciter EXDC1 IEEE DC1 Excitation System Model
VS
EC

VRM AX
+

Speed
+

1 1 + sTR

2
+

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA
VRM IN

VR

1 sTE

E FD
1

VREF

VF
5

KE + SE
sKF 1+ sTF1

States 1 - E FD

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF
Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXDC2_GE
Exciter EXDC2_GE IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model

Vcomp

VREF
1 1 + sTR
2
+

VS

Speed

VRM AX VT
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

KA 1+ sTA

4 +

1 1+ sTE

E FD
1

VRMIN VT
sKF (1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )
5 6

KE + SE

States

1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF1 6 - VF2

Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXDC2_PTI
Exciter EXDC2_PTI IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model

Vcomp
1 1 + sTR
2

VREF
+

VS
+

Speed

VRM AX VT
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

VERR

KA 1+ sTA

4 +

1 1+ sTE

E FD
1

VRMIN VT
5

KE + SE

sKF 1+ sTF1

States 1 - E FD

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model supported by PSEE

ExciterEXDC2A
Exciter EXDC2A IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
VS
EC

VRM AX VT
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

Speed

1 1 + sTR

+ +

KA 1+ sTA

4 +

VR

1 sTE

E FD
1

VREF

VF
5

VRMIN VT
sKF 1+ sTF1

KE + SE

States 1 - E FD

2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF
Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXDC4
Exciter EXDC4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
VS
EC
+ +

VRM AX
1

Speed
2
+

-K R KR
-1

1 sTRH

VRH

VR

1 KE + sTE

E FD
1

VREF

VRM IN
VRM AX -K V VRMIN KV

SE

States

1 - E FD 2 - VRH
Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXELI
Exciter EXELI Static PI Transformer Fed Excitation System Model

K s1
PGEN

sTW 1 + sTW
4

S M AX

sTs2 1+ sTs2

Ks2 1 + sTs1

S M AX

EC

1 1 + sTFV

2
+

E F M AX

VPU

1 sTNU

VPI

E FD E F M IN

States 1 - TNU 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - Sensed I FLD

VR EF

VPNF
XE

4 - PGEN Washout1 5 - PGEN Washout2 6 - PGEN Washout3 7 - Lag Stabilizer 8 - Washout Stabilizer Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

+
D PNF

1 1+ sTFI

I FD

ExciterEXPIC1
Exciter EXPIC1 Proportional/Integral Excitation System Model
VREF
EC

VR1

1 1 + sTR E T

KA (1+ sTA1 ) 3 VA s
VR2

(1+ sTA3 ) (1+ sTA2 )(1+ sTA4 )

4

VRM AX
VR

E FD M AX

VRM IN VB
E FD M IN

E0

1 sTE

E FD
1

VS

sKF (1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )

6 7

KE + SE

VT IT

VE = KPVT + jKI IT

FEX
FEX = f ( IN )

If K P = 0 and K I = 0, then VB = 1 If TE = 0, then EFD = E0

States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR1 5 - VR 6 - VF1 7 - VF
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

I FD

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

ExciterEXST1_GE
Exciter EXST1_GE IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model
VS
1 1 + sTR
2
+

VREF
+

Vcomp

VIM AX

VAM AX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

VT VRM AX -K C I IFD
+

VIM IN

1+ sTC1 1+ sTB1

KA 1+ sTA
VAM IN

E FD

VT VRM IN -K C I IFD

XE

sKF 1+ sTF

K lr
0

I FD

Ilr

States 1 - VA 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF 5 - VLL1

Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXST1_PTI
Exciter EXST1_PTI IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model
VREF

VS
+

Ec
1 1 + sTR
2

VERR

VIM AX

VT VRM AX -K C I IFD

VIM IN

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA

E FD VT VRM IN -K C I IFD

sKF 1+ sTF

States 1 - E FD before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF

Model supported by PSSE

ExciterEXST2
Exciter EXST2 IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System Model
VREF
EC

VS
+

VRM AX
+

E FD MAX

1 1 + sTR

VERR

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VR +

1 sTE

E FD

VB

0
KE

sKF 1+ sTF
VE

VT IT

VE = KPVT + jKI IT

FEX
FEX = f ( IN )

If K P = 0 and K I = 0, then VB = 1

States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - VLL

IFD

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE does not include TB and TC inputs

ExciterEXST2A
Exciter EXST2A Modified IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System Model
VREF VCOMP
1 1 + sTR
2
+

VS

VRM AX
+

E FD MAX

VERR

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VR

VB

1 sTE

E FD

VF

0
KE

sKF 1+ sTF
VE

VT IT

VE = KPVT + jKI IT

FEX = f ( IN )

If K P = 0 and K I = 0, then VB = 1

IFD
States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - VLL

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

FEX

Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE does not include TB and TC inputs

ExciterEXST3
Exciter EXST3 IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model
VGMAX
VREF
EC

VS
+ +

VIM AX

VG

VRM AX

KG
E FD M AX

1 1 + sTR

VERR

KJ

VIM IN

1+ sTC 1+ sTB
VE

3 +

VA

1 KA 1+ sTA VR

VB

E FD

VRMIN

VT IT

VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT

FEX = f ( IN )

K P = K P e j P
I FD

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

FEX

States
1 - VR 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

ExciterEXST3A
Exciter EXST3A IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model
VGMAX
VS
EC

1 1 + sTR

VIM AX

VG

VRM AX

KG

VREF
VT IT

VIM IN

1+ sTC KJ 1+ sTB

VA

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VB

E FD

VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT
j P

VE

VBMAX

Speed

K P = K Pe

I FD

IN =

KC IFD VE

IN

FEX = f ( IN )

FEX

States
1 - VR 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXST4B
Exciter EXST4B IEEE Type ST4B Excitation System Model
KG
VRM AX

VS
EC

VM MAX
4

1 1 + sTR

K KPR + IR s
VRM IN

1 1+ sTA

KPM +
VMMIN

KIM 1 s VM

VB

E FD

VREF VT IT

VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP XL ) IT

VE

VBMAX

FEX

K P = K P e j P
I FD

KI IN = C FD VE

IN

FEX = f ( IN )

States
1 - VMInt 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR
Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXWTG1
Exciter EXWTG1 Excitation System Model for Wound-Rotor Induction Wind-Turbine Generators

REF R

R EX T

R M AX
1 1+ sTA
R MIN
1

KW
3

1+ sTW1 1+ sTW 2

+ +

R EXT (E FD )

PE

sKDP 1+ sTDP

States 1 - R external
2 - SpeedReg 3 - Washout Model supported by PSLF

ExciterEXWTGE
Exciter EXWTGE Excitation System Model for GE Wind-Turbine Generators
W indVAR Emulation

VREG
1 1 + sTR
4

VRFQ (VR EF )

1 fN

KIV s KPV 1+ sTV

Q REF (VREF )

5
+

Q M AX

3 +Q M IN

1 1+ sTC

Q ORD
6

PFAREF (VREF )
PE

tan()
7

Sw itch = 0

1 1+ sTP

Sw itch = 1 pfaflg Sw itch = 0 Sw itch = 1

Q ORD from separate model (VREF )

Sw itch = 1
Open Loop Control

Q M AX
Q CM D

Q ORD

States 1 - Vref 2 - E" QCMD 3 - K PV 4 - VregMeas 5 - K IV 6 - QORD 7 - PMeas Model supported by PSLF

varflg

Q M IN
PORD (VS )

I PM AX

From Wind Turbine Model

IPCMD (IFD )
T o Generator M odel

VT ER M Q GEN

VM AX
K QI s

VTERM + XI QM AX
+

QCMD

VREF
1

KVI s

EQ''CMD (EFD )

VMIN

VTERM + XI QMIN

ExciterIEEET1
Exciter IEEET1 IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
4

sK F 1 + sTF

VR EF
EC

VRM AX
+

1 1 + sTR

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

3 +

VR

1 sTE

E FD
1

VS

VE = SE EFD
VE
+

KE

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

ExciterIEEET2
Exciter IEEET2 IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model
VR EF
EC

VRM AX
+

1 1 + sTR

+ +

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VR

1 sTE

E FD
1

VS
1 1 + sTF 2
5
4

sK F 1 + sTF 1

VE = SE EFD
VE
+

KE

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF1 5 - VF2
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEET3
Exciter IEEET3 IEEE Type 3 Excitation System Model
VR EF
EC

VRM AX
+

VBM AX

1 1 + sTR

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

3 +

VR

VB
0
4

1 KE + sTE
sK F 1 + sTF

E FD

VS

VT IT

VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT

I FD

1 A

0.78 I FD A= VTH EV If A > 1, V B = 0

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEET4
Exciter IEEET4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
SE

VR EF
EC
+

VRM AX
1

-K R -1 KR

1 sTRH
VRMIN

V < KV VRH
2

VR

1 KE + sTE

E FD
1

V > KV
VRM AX -K V VRMIN KV

States
1 - EField 2 - VRH
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEET5
Exciter IEEET5 Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
SE

VR EF
+

VRM AX
V

V < KV
2
+

EC

1 sTRH
VRMIN

VRH

VR

1 KE + sTE

E FD
1

V > KV
VRM AX -K V V VRMIN
RMAX

KV

States
1 - EField 2 - VRH
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEEX1
Exciter IEEEX1 IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
VREF
EC

VS
+ +

VRM AX
Regulator 1+ sTC 3 KA 1+ sTA 1+ sTB
VRM IN
4 +

1 1 + sTR

VERR

VF

VR

1 sTE

E FD

KE + SE
5

sKF 1+ sTF1

D am p in g

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEEX2
Exciter IEEEX2 IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model IEEEX2
VREF
EC

VS
+

VRM AX
Regulator 1+ sTC 3 KA 1+ sTA 1+ sTB
VRM IN
4
+

1 1 + sTR

VERR +

VF

VR

1 sTE

E FD

KE + SE
sKF (1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )

D am p in g
5 6

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL 4 - VR 5 - VF1 6 - VF2
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEEX3
Exciter IEEEX3 IEEE Type 3 Excitation System Model

VREF
EC

VS
+ +

VRM AX

1 1 + sTR

Regulator

VERR

KA 1+ sTA

VR

1 KE + sTE

E FD

VF

VRMIN
4

sKF 1+ sTF Damping

VBM AX
2

VT IT

VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT

VT H

V ( 0.78IFD )
2 TH

VB

IFD

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEEX4
Exciter IEEEX4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
VREF
EC

1 1 + sTR

KV

VRM AX
VRMAX VRMIN sKV TRH
3

VERR

VRH

K V

VRMIN

If VERR KV , VR = VRMAX If VERR < KV , VR = VRH If VERR KV , VR = VRMIN

+

VR

1 sTE

E FD

KE + SE

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VRH
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEET1A
Exciter IEET1A Modified IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model

VREF
+ +

VRM AX
+

E FD M AX
2
+

EC

VS

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

1 sTE
E FD M IN

E FD

sKF 1+ sTF

KE + SE

States
1 - EField 2 - VR 3 - VF
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEET1B
Exciter IEET1B Modified IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model

sKF1 1+ sTF1

Switch=1
SE

Switch=0
I M AG

XE
EC
+ +

VREF VSM AX
+ 1 1 + sTR VT

Bias
+ + +

VRMAX

1 1+ sTA2
+

VSM IN

KA 1+ sTA1
VRMIN

VR

VREG

1 sTE

E FD

VS

KE

Model supported by PSSE but not implemented yet in Simulator

ExciterIEET5A
Exciter IEET5A Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model

SE

VR EF
+

VRM AX
KA 1+ sTRH
*
2

V < KV
+

E FD M AX

VT O
+

VR

1 KE + sTE
E FD M IN

E FD

EC

VRM IN

V > KV

VRM AX -K V

* If T RH equals zero, block becom es

VT

VRMIN

KV

KA s

States
1 - EField 2 - VRH
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterIEEX2A
Exciter IEEX2A IEEE Type 2A Excitation System Model
VREF
EC

VS
+ +

VRM AX
1+ sTC 1+ sTB
3

1 1 + sTR

VERR

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VR

1 sTE
0

E FD

VF

sKF 1+ sTF1

KE + SE

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF
Model supported by PSSE

ExciterREXS
Exciter REXS General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model
VREF
EC

1 1 + sTR

VIM AX
ERR

VRM AX
6

VS
9

VF V IM AX

K KVP + VI s

Regulator (1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 ) (1+ sTB1)(1+ sTB2 )

7 8

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed VT 3 - VF 4 - Current PI 5 - VR 6 - Voltage PI 7 - VI LL1 8 - VI LL2 9 - Feedback 10 - Feedback LL

KA 1+ sTA
VRMIN

VR 5

sKF 1+ sTF
10

KEFD
I TERM
VR
+ +

XC
VCMAX
+

1+ sTF1 1+ sTF 2

VFMAX K KIP + II s
4

Speed

1 1+ sTP
VFMIN

3
+

1 sTE0
0

VE

FEX

E FD

KH
Fbf 0

FEX = f ( IN )
IN

1 2

I FE

KE + SE

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

KD
Model supported by PSLF. If flimf = 1 then multiply VRMIN ,VRMAX ,VFMIN , and VFMAX by VTERM .

ExciterREXSY1
Exciter REXSY1 General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model
Voltage Regulator
EC

VREF
+

1 1 + sTR

VIM AX
+

F VRMAX

VS

VF

VIM AX
10

K KVP + VI s
1+ sTF1 1+ sTF 2
9

(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 ) (1+ sTB1)(1+ sTB2 )

7 8

1 1+ sTA
F VRMIN
0

F= [1.0 + F1IMF (E T -1.0) ] (K E +K D +S E )

5

VR

sKF 1+ sTF

1
Fbf 2

I FE E FD

I TERM
Exciter Field Current Regulator

XC
VCMAX
+ +

F VFM AX
1 1+ sTP
F VFMIN
I FE
3

VR

KH

K KIP + II s

1 sTE0

VE

FEX

E FD

FEX = f ( IN )
IN
+

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed VT 3 - VF 4 - Current PI 6 - Voltage PI 7 - VI LL1 8 - VI LL2 9 - Feedback

KE + SE KD

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

5 - VR 10 - Feedback LL Model supported by PSSE

ExciterREXSYS
Exciter REXSYS General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model
Voltage Regulator
EC

VREF
+

1 1 + sTR

VIM AX
+

F VRMAX

VS

VF

VIM AX
10

K KVP + VI s
1+ sTF1 1+ sTF 2
9

(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC2 ) (1+ sTB1)(1+ sTB2 )

7 8

1 1+ sTA
F VRMIN
Fbf 0

F= [1.0 + F1IMP (E T -1.0) ] (K E +K D +S E )

5

VR

sKF 1+ sTF

1 2

I FE E FD

Exciter Field Current Regulator

F VFM AX
1 1+ sTP
3
+ +

VR

KH

K KIP + II s

1 sTE0

VE

FEX

E FD

F VFMIN
I FE

FEX = f ( IN )
IN
+

States 1 - VE 2 - Sensed VT 3 - VF 4 - Current PI 5 - VR 6 - Voltage PI 7 - VI LL1 8 - VI LL2 9 - Feedback 10 - Feedback LL

KE + SE KD

IN =

KC IFD VE
I FD

Model supported by PSSE

ExciterSCRX
Exciter SCRX Bus Fed or Solid Fed Static Excitation System Model
C SWITCH =0 ET E FDM AX
1+ sTA 1+ sTB
1

C SWITCH =1 1

EC

VREF
+

K 1+ sTE
E FDMIN

E FD

VS

States
1 - Lead-Lag 2 - VE Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE has CSWITCH = 1

ExciterSEXS_GE
Exciter SEXS_GE Simplified Excitation System Model
VREF
1 1 + sTR
2
+ +

E MAX
3

Vcomp

1+ sTA 1+ sTB

KC (1+ sTC ) sTC

E FDM AX
4

K 1+ sTE
E MIN

E FD

E FDM IN

Stabilizer O utput

States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL 4 - PI Model supported by PSLF

ExciterSEXS_PTI
Exciter SEXS_PTI Simplified Excitation System Model
VREF
+ +

E FDM AX
1+ sTA 1+ sTB
2

EC

VS

K 1+ sTE
E FDMIN

E FD

States 1 - EField 2 - LL Model supported by PSSE

ExciterST6B
Exciter ST6B IEEE 421.5 2005 ST6B Excitation System Model
VC

I FD
1 1 + sTR
2

I LR

KCL

KLR
VRMIN
VT 1
+

VO EL
(O EL=1)

VO EL
(O EL=2)

Alternate OEL Inputs

VAMAX
+

KFF
VA

VRMULT VB

VU EL

HV Gate

VRM AX

KPA +

KIA sKDA + s 1+ sTDA

3
4

KM

VRMIN

LV Gate

VR

1 1 + sTS

E FD
1

VREF

VS

VAMIN

States 1 - E FD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID1 4 - PID2 5 - VG ST6B supported by PSSE ESST6B supported by PSLF with optional VRMULT

VG
5

sKG 1+ sTG

ExciterST7B
Exciter ST7B IEEE 421.5 2005 ST7B Excitation System Model
VC
O EL (O EL=1) Alternate

VDR OO P
+

OEL Inputs

O EL (O EL=2)

1 1 + sTR

1+ sTG 1+ sTF
VS

VSCL +

+ +

VM AX
LV Gate
Alternate UEL Inputs

HV Gate

VMIN

VREF_FB

KPA

VREF

V UEL
(U EL=1)

UEL (U EL=2)

VO EL
(O EL=3)

V UEL
(U EL=3)

VT VRM AX
HV Gate LV Gate

1+ sTC 1+ sTB

+ +

LV Gate

HV Gate

E FD 1 1 + sTS

VT VRMIN +

VT VRM AX KL
sKIA 1+ sTIA

VT VRMIN

ST7B supported by PSSE ESST7B supported by PSLF Not implemented yet in Simulator

KH

ExciterTEXS
Exciter TEXS General Purpose Transformer-Fed Excitation System Model
Constant Source Voltage Generator Terminal Voltage

I LR VREF

KCL

KLR
0
+

VRMAX
VIM AX

KFF

EC

1 1+ sTR

+ +

VIM AX

K KVP + VI s
VRMIN

4
+

VRM AX
LV Gate

+ +

KM

VRM IN

VR

VE

XC

E FD

VS

sKVD 1+ sTVD

KG 1+ sTG

I FD

States 1 - Feedback 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - Derivative Controller 4 - Integral Controller

Model supported by PSLF

ExciterURST5T
Exciter URST5T IEEE Proposed Type ST5B Excitation System Model

EC

VU EL
VRM AX /K R
1 1 + sTR
2

VRM AX /K R
1+ sTC2 1+ sTB2
4

VRM AX KR

VRM AX VT
1 1+ sT1
1 +

HV Gate

LV Gate

1+ sTC1 1+ sTB1

E FD

VRMIN /K R
VREF

VRMIN /K R

VRMIN

VRMIN VT
KC

VO EL

VSTB

I FD

States 1 - VR 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL1 4 - LL2

Model supported by PSSE

ExciterWT2E1
Exciter WT2E1 Rotor Resistance Control Model for Type 2 Wind Generator

Pow er-Slip C urve

1 1+ sTSP
2

Speed

R M AX
+

KP +
R MIN

1 sTI

Pelec

1 1+ sTPC

States 1 - R external 2 - Speed 3 - Pelec Model supported by PSSE

ExciterWT3EandWT3E1
Exciter WT3E and WT3E1 Electrical Control for Type 3 Wind Generator
Reactive Pow er Control M odel

VC
1 1 + sTR
4

VRFQ
+

States

1 fN

KIV s KPV 1+ sTV

5
+

Q M AX

1 - Vref

6 - QORD 7 - PMeas 8 - PowerFilter 9 - SpeedPI 10 - PORD

Q M IN

3 +

1 1+ sTFV

2 - E qppcmd 3 - K PV 4 - VregMeas 5 - K IV

PFAREF Pelec

tan 1 1+ sTP
7

1
1

Q M AX
+

Q elec

VMAX
K QI s
1

VT ER M
VREF
+

XI QMAX
KQV s
XI QMIN
>0

vltflg
2

Q REF

0 varflg

EQCMD

Q M IN

Active Pow er (Torque) Control M odel Speed

( P = 100%, P 100 )

VMIN
Speed Speed

Pelec

( P = 60%, P 60 ) ( P = 40%, P 40 ) ( P = 20%, P 20 ) ( PMIN , PMIN )

1 1+ sTPWR

RPM AX

PMAX
1 sTFP
10

KPP +

KIP s

I PM AX

RPM IN

VT ER M

I PCMD

PMIN

WT3E supported by PSLF with RPMAX = Pwrat and RPMIN = -Pwrat , TFV = TC WT3E1 supported by PSSE uses vltflg to determine the limits on E QCMD . When vltflg > 0 Simulator always uses XIQMAX and XIQMIN .

ExciterWT4E1
Exciter WT4E1 Electrical Control for Type 4 Wind Generator
VC
1 1 + sTRV

VRFQ
+

KIV s KPV 1+ sTV

Q M AX

Q M IN

1 1+ sTFV

PFAREF Pelec

tan 1 1+ sTP

Q REF

1
pfaflg

0 0

Q M AX
+

Q elec

VMAXCL
K QI s
+

I QM AX

KVI s
I QMIN

IQCMD

varflg

Q M IN

VMINCL

VT ER M

PREF

dPMAX

pqflag
+

Converter Current Limit

Pelec

1 1+ sTPWR

KPP +
dPMIN

KIP s

PORD

I PM AX

I PCMD

sKF 1+sT F
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

0.01

VT ER M

MachineModelCSVGN1
Machine Model CSVGN1 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN1

O ther Signals V O T H SG
+

V MAX
K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 ) (1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )

1.
1 1+ sT5

C BASE / SBASE

V
V REF

V MIN

R MIN / RBASE

MBASE / SBASE

RBASE = MBASE Note : V is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.

Model supported by PSSE

MachineModelCSVGN3
Machine Model CSVGN3 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN3

O ther Signals V O T H SG
+

V MAX
V ERR

1.
1 1+ sT5

C BASE / SBASE

V
V REF

K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 ) (1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )

V MIN
1, if VERR > VOV

R MIN / RBASE

MBASE / SBASE

RMIN / RBASE if VERR < VOV

RBASE = MBASE Note : V is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.

Model supported by PSSE

MachineModelCSVGN4
Machine Model CSVGN4 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN4

O ther Signals V O T H SG
+

V MAX
V ERR

1.
1 1+ sT5

C BASE / SBASE

V IB
V REF

K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 ) (1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )

V MIN
1, if VERR > VOV

R MIN / RBASE

MBASE / SBASE

RMIN / RBASE if VERR < VOV

RBASE = MBASE

Model supported by PSSE

MachineModelCSVGN5
Machine Model CSVGN5 Static Var Compensator CSVGN5
VOTHSG ( I )
Filter

V EM AX

VO LT (IBU S) or V OLT (ICO N(M ))

1 1+ sTs1

Regulator 64 4 4474 4 4 4 8 1st Stage 2nd Stage

V EM AX

1+ sTS 2 1+ sTS3

1+ sTS 4 1+ sTS5

KSVS

VREF ( I )

V ERR

BR
' ' If VERR > DVLO : BR = BMAX + KSD (VERR DV ) ' If DVHI < VERR < DVLO : BR = BR ' ' If VERR < DVHI : BR = BMIN

B MAX
1 1+ sT6

BR

'

B SVS

MBASE(I ) SBASE

VAR ( L )

Fast O verride

B MIN
T hyristor Delay

If DV = 0,
' DVLO = BMAX / KSVS ' DVHI = BMIN / KSVS

If DV > 0, DVLO = DV DVHI = DV

Model supported by PSSE

MachineModelCSVGN6
Machine Model CSVGN6 Static Var Compensator CSVGN6
Other Signals VOTHSG ( I )
Filter
V OLT (IBU S) or VO LT (IC O N (M ))

V MAX
1+ sTS 2 1+ sTS3

V EMAX
1+ sTS 4 1+ sTS5

1 1+ sTs1
VREF

KSVS

BR

V MIN
V ERR BR

V EMIN
BIAS

B MAX
' ' If VERR > DVLO : BR = BMAX + KSD (VERR DV ) ' If DVHI < VERR < DVLO : BR = BR ' ' If VERR < DVHI : BR = BMIN

' BR

1 1+ sT6

+ +

B SVS

Fast O verride

B MIN
T hyristor Delay 1

BSHUNT

If DV = 0,
' DVLO = BMAX / KSVS ' DVHI = BMIN / KSVS

If DV > 0, DVLO = DV DVHI = DV

Position 1 is normal (open) If VERR > DV 2, switch will close after TDELAY cycles.

Model supported by PSSE

MachineModelGENCC
Machine Model GENCC Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor modeling to match WSCC type F

X d X d' X d' X d''

+
' Eq

E fd

1 ' sTdo

1 sT d''o

' Eq

X d X d'' X d' X d

X d' X d''

id

d axis

Se

Xq Xd

E1

q axis

Model supported by PSLF

MachineModelGENCLS
Machine Model GENCLS Synchronous machine represented by classical modeling or Thevenin Voltage Source to play Back known voltage/frequency signal

R eco rd ed V o ltag e
A

Z a b = 0 .0 3 o n 1 0 0 M V A b ase
B

R esp o n d in g S ystem

I ppd g en cls
B

R esp o n d in g S ystem

I ppd g en cls
A
Model supported by PSLF

Z a b = 0 .0 3 o n 1 0 0 M V A b ase
B

R esp o n d in g S ystem

MachineModelGENROU
Machine Model GENROU Solid Rotor Generator represented by equal mutual inductance rotor modeling
X X
+
'' d ' d

Pfd

X X

l l

E fd

1 ' sTdo

1 s T d''o

Pkd

X X X Xl
' d ' d

'' d

Pd''

X d' X d'' ( X d' X l ) * *2

+ +

' d

Xl

d AXIS
+

Lad i fd
+

' d

id

Pd''

Se

P ''

Pq''
Model supported by PSLF

Xq Xl

(Xd Xl)

* * *q AXIS identical , swapping d and q substripts

MachineModelGENSAL
Machine Model GENSAL Salient Pole Generator represented by equal mutual inductance rotor modeling
X X
+
'' d ' d

X X

l l

E fd

1 ' sTdo

Pfd

1 s T d''o

Pkd

X X X Xl
' d ' d

'' d

Pd''

X d' X d'' ( X d' X l ) * *2

' d

Xl

S e Pfd
+

d AXIS
+ + +
' Xd Xd

Lad i fd

id

1 s T q''o
X

Pkd

Pq''

'' q

q AXIS iq

Model supported by PSLF

MachineModelGENTPF
Machine Model GENTPF Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor modeling to match WSCC type F

X d X d' X d' X d''

+

Se
'' d

E fd

1 ' sTdo

' Eq

Se

1 sT d''o

' q

X d X d'' X d' X d''

X d' X d''

id

S e = 1 . + fsa t ( a g Xq Xd

Q A x is S im ila r e x c e p t: Se = 1. +

( )
ag

Model supported by PSLF

MachineModelGENTRA
Machine Model GENTRA Salient Pole Generator without Amortisseur Windings

E fd

1 s T d' o

Se

' d

d AXIS
+

Lad i fd

' d

id

q AXIS iq
q

Model supported by PSLF

MachineModelGENWRI
Machine Model GENWRI Wound-rotor Induction Generator Model with Variable External Rotor Resistance
PELEC PM ECH

fS

1 2Hs

slip

R 2T p o =
' 0

0 ( L s L' )

(Ls

Ll

R 2 T p o i s a c o n s t a n t w h i c h i s e q u a l t o T 0' t i m e s th e to ta l ro to r re s is ta n c e . R 2 is th e in te rn a l ro to r re s is ta n c e R 2 e x is th e in te rn a l ro to r re s is ta n c e
' ' eq = s d Lid R a iq
fq

& fd = & fq

R 2T p o T = (R 2ex + R 2 )
fd

+ S d + ( L s L ) id
'

T
fq

( =

+ S q + ( L s L' ) iq T 0'

' 0

) + ( s lip )

' ' ed = s q + Liq R a id

) + ( s lip )

' =
fd

' d ' q

= =

Se
fd fq

Sd Sq

( ) + ( ) = f ( ) = S ( ) = S ( )
' d 2 ' q ' sat e ' d e ' d

Model supported by PSLF

MachineModelGEWTG
Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and Full Converter (FC) Models

'' E q cm d ( efd ) From exwtge

1 1 + 0.02s

1 X ''

H ig h V o ltag e R eactive C u rren t M an ag em en t

I sorc

s0
LVLP & rrpwr

I Pcmd ( ladifd ) From exwtge

1 1 + 0.02s

I Plv

L o w V o ltag e A ctive C u rren t M an ag em en t

s1
LVPL
1.11

LVPL

1 1 + 0.02s

Vterm
jX ''

V
xerox (0.5pu)

s2

brkpt (0.9pu)

LowVoltage Power Logic

Figure 1. DFAG Generator / Converter Model

Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and Full Converter (FC) Models

'' E q cm d ( efd ) From exwtge

1 1 + 0.02s

H ig h V o ltag e R eactive C u rren t M an ag em en t

I sorc

s0
LVLP & rrpwr

I Pcmd ( ladifd ) From exwtge

1 1 + 0.02 s

I Plv

L o w V o ltag e A ctive C u rren t M an ag em en t

s1
LVPL
1.11

LVPL

1 1 + 0.02 s

Vterm

V
xerox (0.5pu) brkpt (0.7pu)

s2

LowVoltage Power Logic

Figure 1. Full Converter Generator / Converter Model

Model supported by PSLF

MachineModelMOTOR1
Machine Model MOTOR1 Two-cage or one-cage induction machine
dr 2
+

o S L IP o Rr 2
L lr 2
+

L m = L s Ll

qr 2

1. L lr 2

L'm = 1. / (1. / L m + 1. / L lr 1 ) = L' L l L''m = 1. / (1. / L m + 1. / L lr 1 + 1. / L lr 2 ) = L'' L l T o' = L lr 1 L m / ( o R r 1 L'm ) = ( L lr 1 + L m ) / ( o R r 1 ) T o'' = L lr 2 L'm / ( o R r 2 L''m ) = ( L lr 2 + L'm ) / ( o R r 2 )

dr 1
+

o S L IP o Rr1
L lr 1
+ +

qr 1

1. L lr 1

'' m sa t

'' '' Ed = q

mq
K sat = 1. + S e ( m )

2 2 md + mq

Se

L''m

iqs
sa t

md

qr 1
+

L''m

ids
sa t

o S L IP o Rr1
L lr 1
+ +

dr 1

1. L lr 1

'' m sa t

E q'' =

'' d

qr 2

o S L IP o Rr 2
L lr 2
+ +

L''m sat =

K sat

1. / Lm + 1. / Llr1 + 1. / Llr 2

Model supported by PSLF

dr 2

1. L lr 2

MachineModelSVCWSC
Machine Model SVCWSC Static Var device compatible with WSCC Vx/Wx models
Voltage Clamp Logic
if Vbus<V1vcl, Kvc = 0. if Vbud>V2vcl for Tdvcl sec., Kvc =1.

V1MAX
VEM AX
VBU S +

K VC * V 2 MAX
1+sTS4 1+sTS5

B MAX
KSVS
F ast O ver R id e

1+sTC 1+sTS1

1+sTS2 1+sTS3

1 1+sTS6

BSVS

VEM IN
VRET

V1MIN

XC

VSCS + VS VS (from external PSS)

K VC * V 2 MIN

B MIN

Input 1
KS1 1+sTS7 1 + sT8 1 + sTS 9
+

VSCSM AX
sTS13 1+sTS14

Input 2
KS2 1+sTS10 1+sT11 1+sTS12

KS3

VSCS VSCSM IN

Model supported by PSLF

GeneratorOtherModelLCFB1
Turbine Load Controller Model LCFB1
Freq
1.0
+

Fb

e M AX
db db

KP

Lrmax
K1 s
2
+ +

Lrmax
+

Pmwset +
1

Lrmax

Pref

e M AX

1 1 + sTPELEC

Lrmax

Pref 0

Pgen

Frequency Bias Flag - fbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable Power Controller Flag - pbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable

States 1 - Pelec Sensed 2 - KI Model supported by PSLF

GovernorBPAGG
Governor BPA GG WSCC Type G Governor Model

PM O
1 + sT2 1 + sT1
2

' K1

PM AX

1 1 + sT3

1 1 + sT4

1 + sFT5 1 + sT5

PM

PM -Pe

Pe

States 1 - Pmech 2 - Lead-Lag 1 3 - Integrator 3 4 - Integrator 4

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

GovernorBPAGH
Governor BPA GH WSCC Type H Hydro-Mechanical Governor Turbine Model

PILOT VALVE

GATE SERVO

TURBINE

P0 XR
+
' K1

& PUP
1 TG (1+ sTP )
3

PMAX(P.U.)
1 s
2

1 sTW 1+ sTW /2

PM

& PDOWN

PMIN =0
R

SDdTd 1+ sTd
States 1 - Pmech 2 - P gate valve 3 - y3 4 - Feedback
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

GovernorBPAGIGATB,BPAGJGATB,BPAGKGATB,andBPAGLTB
Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and BPA GLTB

No block diagrams have been created

GovernorBPAGSTA
Governor BPA GSTA WSCC Type S Steam System Governor And Nonreheat Turbine (Type A) Model

P0 K1

& PUP
+

PMAX(P.U.)
1 s
2

1+ sT2 1+ sT1

1 T3

PGV

1 1 + sTCH

PM

& PDOWN

PMIN(P.U.)

States 1 - Pmech 2 - P gate valve 3 - Lead-lag Model in the public domain, available from BPA

GovernorBPAGSTB
Governor BPA GSTB WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound Single Reheat Turbine (Type B) Model
P0 K1

& PUP
+

PMAX(P.U.)
1 s
1

1 + sT2 1 + sT1

1 T3

PGV

& PDOWN

PMIN(P.U.)

PM

FHP
States 1 - P gate valve 2 - Lead-lag 3 - y3 4 - y4 5 - y5 Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FIP

FLP

1 1 + sTCH

1 1 + sTRH

1 1 + sTCO

GovernorBPAGSTC
Governor BPA GSTC WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound Double Reheat Turbine (Type C) Model
P0 K1

& PUP
+

PMAX(P.U.)
1 s
1

1 + sT2 1 + sT1

1 T3

PGV

& PDOWN

PMIN(P.U.)

PM

FVHP
States 1 - P gate valve 2 - Lead-lag 3 - y3 4 - y4 5 - y5 6 - y6
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FHP

FIP

FLP

1 1 + sTCH

1 1 + sTRH1

1 1 + sTRH 2

1 1 + sTCO

GovernorBPAGWTW
Governor BPA GWTW WSCC Type W Hydro Governor System And Hydro Turbine (Type W) Model

P0
K

PMAX/100
PGV

1+ sT2 (1+ sT )(1+ sT3) 1

2

PMIN/100

1 sTW 1+0.5sTW

PM

States 1 - Pmech 2 - y0 3 - y1 Model in the public domain, available from BPA

GovernorCCBT1
Governor CCBT1 Steam Plant Boiler/Turbine and Governor Model
1 1 + sTW
8
+

1 sTD

KP

1 ah ah

1 1 + sTF
6
MAX4

1 sTRH

1
+ +

Pmech

Bias
+ +

M AX7

KP4 +
M IN4

KI 4 s

K P7 +
14
+

sK D 7 1 + sTD 7
M IN7

Press ref
MAX2 4

12

Plmref Press ref

K PLM 1 + sTPLM

TPLM = 50 VMIN
0

1 1 + sTG

VMAX
rvalve

Pgen
1 1 + sTPelec
13

15

M AX3

K KP2 + I 2 s
M IN2

K PGOV +
+ + +

MAX1

-1

K IGOV s

K P3 +
MIN3

KI 3 s

K K P1 + I 1 s
MIN1

rpelec

ref

M AX5

Pmech

K K P5 + I 5 s
+

10

Speed

M IN5

M AX6

11

1.0

1r
Model supported by PSLF

1.0

KP6 +

L ref
KB

-dbd

+
+dbd

KI 6 s
M IN6

Speed

Valve Bias

Proportional-integral blocks 1-6 also have rate limits not shown in the block diagram

GovernorCRCMGV
Governor CRCMGV Cross Compound Turbine-Governor Model

R eference

PM AX(HP)
Speed (HP)

1/ R( HP ) 1 + sT1( HP )

1 +

(1+ sT )(1+ sT )(1+ sT )

3( HP) 4( HP) 5( HP)

1+ sF(HP)T5(HP)

Pmech(HP)

4
2

High-Pressure Unit

(D
PM AX(LP)

H ( HP)

)(E )
T HP

R eference
Speed (LP)
+

States 1 - HPInput

1/ R( LP ) 1 + sT1( LP )

5 +

(1+ sT )(1+ sT )(1+ sT )

3( LP) 4( LP) 5( LP)

1+ sF(LP)T5(LP)

Pmech(LP)

7
2

2 - HPState1 3 - HPState2 4 - HPState3 5 - LPInput 6 - LPState1

Low -Pressure U nit

( D ) ( E )
H ( LP) T HP

7 - LPState2 8 - LPState3 Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

GovernorDEGOV
Governor DEGOV Woodward Diesel Governor Model

TMAX
Speed

1+Speed
sTD

(1 + sT3 ) 1 + sT1 + s 2T2T1 14 244 4 3 Electric Control Box

1 2

s (1 + sT5 )(1 + sT6 ) TMIN 144 2444 4 3 Actuator

3
4

K (1 + sT4 )

Pmech

{ Engine

States 1 - Control box 1 2 - Control box 2 3 - Actuator 1 4 - Actuator 2 5 - Actuator 3 Model supported by PSSE

GovernorDEGOV1
Governor DEGOV1 Woodward Diesel Governor Model

Pref

TM AX
(1 + sT3 ) 1 + sT1 + s 2T2T1 14 244 4 3 Electric Control Box
1 2

1+Speed
sTD

Speed

s (1 + sT5 )(1 + sT6 )

MIN 144 2444 4 3 Actuator

K (1 + sT4 )

Pmech

{ Engine

Droop C ontrol
6

DROOP
1

1 1+ sTE

SBASE MBASE

Pelec

States 1 - Control box 1 2 - Control box 2 3 - Actuator 1 4 - Actuator 2 5 - Actuator 3 6 - Droop Input Model supported by PSSE

GovernorG2WSCC
Governor G2WSCC Double Derivative Hydro Governor and Turbine Represents WECC G2 Governor Plus Turbine Model

Pref
(Speed)
1 1+ sTD
2

eps

db1

sK1 1 + sTF

3 +

KI s

s2 K2 (1+ sTF )2
4

(TT =0)
R
7

1 1+ sTT

Pelec

VEL OPEN

PMAX

States 1 - Pmech 2 - TD
9
db2

KG 1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE

1 s

GV
N GV

PGV

1 + s A tu r b T tu r b 1 + s B t u r b T tu r b

Pmech

3 - K1 4 - K 2 first 5 - K 2 second 6 - Integrator 7 - Pelec Sensed 8 - Valve 9 - Gate

PMIN

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block

Model supported by PSLF

GovernorGAST_GE
Governor GAST_GE Gas Turbine-Governor Model
5

1 1+ sTLTR
+

if (D V >L INC ) R LIM =L TRAT else R LIM =R MAX

DV

Pref

1 R

KA (1+ sT4 ) 1+ sT5

R LIM

VMAX
1 sT1

LV GATE

1+ AsT2 1+ BsT2

PG V

dbb
GV

Pmech

VMIN

FIDLE

FIDLE
eps

+ +

KT

4
+

1 1+ sT3

db 0

L MAX

States
1 - Input LL 2 - Integrator 3 - Governor LL 4 - Load Limit 5 - Temperature

(Speed)

Model supported by PSLF

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of P vs. GV block GV

GovernorGAST_PTI
Governor GAST_PTI Gas Turbine-Governor Model
Speed
D turb

1 R

VMAX
LV Gate

Load ref

1 1+ sT1

1 1+ sT2

Pmech

VMIN

KT

1 1+ sT3

States 1 - Fuel Valve 2 - Fuel Flow

3 - Exhaust Temperature Model supported by PSSE

A T (Load Limit)

GovernorGAST2A
Governor GAST2A Gas Turbine-Governor Model
States 1 - Speed Governor 2 - Valve Positioner 3 - Fuel System 4 - Radiation Shield 5 - Thermocouple 6 - Temp Control 7 - Turbine Dynamics
+

MAX TC
Temperature Control*

1+ sT5 sT
6

Thermocouple

Radiation Shield

1 1+ sT4
4

K K4 + 5 1+ sT3

Turbine

f1
w f1
Valve Positioner 2

Turbine Exhaust

esETD
Fuel System 3 Wf Fuel Flow 1

MAX

R eference

W ( sX +1) sY + Z
MIN

Fuel Control

K6
+ +

Low Value Select

Speed Control

K3

esT

A C + sB

1+ s F

esECR

Speed Governor

KF
Gas Turbine Dynamics
7

Pmech

Turbine

TRATE MBASE

f2

w f2

1 1+ sTCD

1.0 +

( )

Model

* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative f 2 =A f2 -B f2 w f2 -C f2 Speed f1 =TR -A f1 1.0-w -B f1 Speed supported by PSSE f1

GovernorGASTWD
Pelec
SBASE TRATE

Governor GASTWD Woodward Gas Turbine-Governor Model

MAX
Temperature Control* Thermocouple Radiation Shield

Pe
KDROOP 1+ sTD
1

sT5 +1 sT
6

MAX

1 1+ sT4
4

K K4 + 5 1+ sT3

Turbine

f1
w f1

Turbine Exhaust

TC Setpoint for T em perature C ontrol

esETD

KP
Speed Reference
+

KI s

+ +

Fuel Control

K6
+ +

Valve Positioner

Low Value Select

Speed Control

K3

esT

A C + sB

Fuel System 3 W f Fuel 1 Flow

1+ s F

esECR

sK D
MIN
8 9

KF
7

States 1 - Power Transducer 2 - Valve Positioner 3 - Fuel System 4 - Radiation Shield 5 - Thermocouple 6 - Temp Control 7 - Turbine Dynamics 8 - PID 1 9 - PID 2

Pmech

Turbine

TRATE MBASE

f2

w f2

1 1+ sTCD
Gas Turbine Dynamics

1.0 +

* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative

Model supported by PSSE

f =T -A 1.0-w -B ( Speed ) 1 R f1 f1 f1

f =A -B w -C ( Speed ) 2 f2 f2 f2 f2

GovernorGGOV1
Governor GGOV1 GE General Governor-Turbine Model
If D m > 0, (Speed)

L dref

( Ldref / K turb ) + w fnl

If D m < 0, (Speed+1)

**D m

Dm

K Pload

1 1 + sTFload

10

1 + sTSA 1 + sTSB

Pmech
5

aset
Speed
s 1 + sTA 9
+

K Iload s

7 +

1.0

Timestep

1 + sTC 1 + sTB

K A t
K Pgov
+

Low Value Select

VM AX

sTeng

VMAX
1 1 + sTACT
4

Pref +
8

maxerr

Kturb

+ 1.1r

-db db
minerr

K Igov s
sK Dgov 1 + sTDgov

3
2

VM IN

K IMW s
-1.1r

VMIN

Flag
1

w fnl

2 1 1 1 Rselect

Pmwset
+

governor output valve stroke

1.0 (Speed+1)

States

Pelec

1 1 + sTPelec

1 - Pelec Measured

5 - Turbine LL

2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter 3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Control 8 - Supervisory Load Control 9 - Accel Control 10 - Temp Detection LL

Model supported by PSLF 4 - Turbine Actuator Model supported by PSSE does not include non-windup limits on K IMW block R UP , R DOWN , R CLOSE , and R OPEN inputs not implemented in Simulator

GovernorGGOV2
Governor GGOV2 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model
If D m > 0, (Speed)

L dref

( L dref / K turb ) + w fnl

If D m < 0, (Speed+1)

**D m

Dm

Kpload
1 2

1 1+ sTfload

1+ sTsa 1+ sTsb

Speed

PMECH

s5
+

s9

5
aset

1.0
fsrt

Kiload s
+

s6
+

1+ sTc 1+ sTb

s4

Timestep
fsra

Speed

s 1+ sTa

Kat Kpgov
+

Frequencydependent limit
ropen vmax

e
VM AX

sTeng

s8
Pref +

maxerr -db db
minerr

Low Value Select

fsrn

K turb

1.1r

Kigov s
sKdgov

s2
+

1 1+ sTact

s3
0

VM IN
vmin rclose

Flag
1

Kimw s

-1.1r

s7
1

2 1 Rselect

1+ sTdgov

s1

w fnl

governor output
valve stroke

1.0 (Speed+1)

Pmwset
+

PELEC

1 1 + sT P elec

s0

Model supported by PSLF

GovernorGGOV3
Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model
If D m > 0, (Speed)

L dref

( L dref / K turb ) + w fnl

If D m < 0, (Speed+1)

**D m

Dm

PMECH

Kpload Kiload s
+
Percieved Speed

1 1+ sTfload

10

1+ sTsa 1+ sTsb

5 +

1+ sTc 1+ sTb

+ +

1.0

sTeng

aset

Timestep
+

s 1+ sTa

Kat Kpgov

+
Low Value Select

K turb
11

Pref +
8

M a x e rr

1.1r

-db db
Minerr

Kigov s sKdgov

3
+

VM AX

VMAX
1 1+ sTact
4

1+ sTcd 1+ sTbd

Kimw s

VM IN

VMIN

Flag
1

2 1 1 Rselect 1

1+ sTdgov

w fnl

-1.1r

governor output
States 1 - Pelec Measured

1.0 (Speed+1)

Pmwset
+

valve stroke
5 - Turbine LL 9 - Accel Control

PELEC

1 1 + sT P elec

Model supported by PSLF dnrate, RUP , RDOWN , RCLOSE , and ROPEN inputs not implemented in Simulator

2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter 10 - Temp Detection LL 3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Control 11 - Fuel System Lead Lag 4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Control

Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model

slope = 1
dnhi

Measured Speed

ffa ffb

Filtered Speed
dnlo

Percieved Speed

slope = ffc

Nonlinear Speed Filter

Model supported by PSLF Rate limit dnrate not used in Simulator

GovernorGPWSCC
Governor GPWSCC PID Governor-Turbine Model

Pref

KP

(Speed)

+
err db1

1 1+ sTD

K1 s
sKD 1+ sTf

+ +

CV

Tt = 0
R 1 1+ sTt

Pelec

(Tt > 0)

VEL OPEN

PMAX

KG 1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE

1 s
PMIN

7
db2

GV
N GV

PGV

1 + s A tu r b T tu r b 1 + s B t u r b T tu r b

Pmech

States 1 - Pmech
Model supported by PSLF
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block

5 - Pelec Sensed 6 - Valve 7 - Gate

2 - TD 3 - Integrator 4 - Derivative

GovernorHYG3
Governor HYG3 PID Governor, Double Derivative Governor, and Turbine
Pref
+

= (speed-1)pu

R g a te
K2
+ +

States 1 - TD

db1

1 1+ sTD 1 1+ sTt
1

KI s
sK1 1+ sTf
+

2 - K1 3 - Ki 4 - Valve 5 - Gate 6 - TW 7 - Pelec Sensed 8 - K 2 First 9 - K 2 Second

7

R e le c
1 1+ sTD

Pelec

Pref

cflag>0
KI s R e le c
3

db1

sK1 1+ sTf

2 +

cflag<0

(1+ sT )
f

s2 K2

8
2

R g a te

1 1+ sTt

Pelec
CV

CV
+

VEL OPEN

PMAX

KG 1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE
PG V N GV
GV

1 s
PMIN

5
db2

GV

D tu r b

PGV

q/PGV

H
H0

1 sTW

q 6 +

qNL

+
t

Pmech

Model supported by PSLF

Note: cflag determines numbering of states

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block

 GovernorHYGOV
Governor HYGOV Hydro Turbine-Governor Model

Pref
db1

G MAX
+

1 + sTn 1 + sTnp

1 1+ sTf

1 + sTr rTr s
G MIN

1 1+ sTg

rate limit - Velm

db2

D turb

PG V N GV

GV
1 sTW
4

H
+ Hdam=1

g GV

PGV

q/PGV

qNL

At

Pmech

States 1 - Filter Output 2 - Desired Gate 3 - Gate 4 - Turbine Flow

Model supported by PSSE and PSLF Rperm shown as R, Rtemp shown as r GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block Ttur, Tn, Tnp, db1, Eps, db2, Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator

GovernorHYGOV2
Governor HYGOV2 Hydro Turbine-Governor Model

Pref
Speed
K I + sK P s

VGM AX

G MAX
1 s

1 + sT1 KA sT3

1 + sT2 1 + sT4

-VGM AX

G MIN

sR tem p T R
R

1 + sT R

Pmech
PM AX

1 sT5 1 + sT6

States 1 - Filter Output 2 - Governor 3 - Governor Speed 4 - Droop 5 - Gate 6 - Penstock

The G MAX G MIN limit is modeled as non-windup in PSSE but as a windup limit in Simulator. Model supported by PSSE

GovernorHYGOV4
Governor HYGOV4 Hydro Turbine-Governor Model

Pref
+

UO
1 1+ sTp
1

PMAX

db1

1 Tg

1 s

2
db2

UC
+

PMIN

+
GV

Rperm
3

sTr Rtemp

1 + Tr s

D turb

PG V

N GV

PGV

q/PGV

H
Hdam

1 sTW

q
+ qNL

At

Pmech

GV

States 1 - Velocity 2 - Gate 3 - Rtemp 4 - TW

Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block Model supported by PSLF

GovernorHYST1
Governor HYST1 Hydro Turbine with Woodward Electro-Hydraulic PID Governor, Surge Tank, and Inlet Tunnel

Rperm 1+ sTreg
+ 1

Pref

Pgen
Kp + Ki s
2

1 1+ sTa

1 1+ sTa

sKd 1+ sTa

G MAX
PG V
1 1 + sTb
6 7

G(s)
GV

8 9

Pmech

G MIN

D turb

Not yet implemented in Simulator Model supported by PSLF

GovernorIEEEG1
Governor IEEEG1 IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model

SPEED HP
+
db1

PM ECH HP

PM1

Pref

PMAX
UO
1 T3
1 s
1
db2
GV

K (1 + sT2 ) 1 + sT1

PGV

K1

K3

K5

K7

1 1 + sT4

1 1 + sT5

1 1 + sT6

1 1 + sT7

UC

PM IN

K2

K4
+

K6
+

K8
+

States
1 - Governor Output 2 - Lead-Lag 3 - Turbine Bowl 4 - Reheater 5 - Crossover

PM ECH LP

PM2

6 - Double Reheat Model supported by PSLF includes hysteresis that is read but not implemented in Simulator

Model supported by PSSE does not include hysteresis and nonlinear gain
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of P vs. GV block GV

GovernorIEEEG2
Governor IEEEG2 IEEE Type 2 Speed-Governor Model

Pref
K(1+ sT2 ) (1+ sT1)(1+ sT3 )
+

PMAX
1 sT4 1+ 0.5sT4
1

Speed

2
3

PM IN

Pmech

States 1 - Pmech 2 - First Integrator 3 - Second Integrator

Model supported by PSSE

GovernorIEEEG3_GE
Governor IEEEG3_GE IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3

PR EF
Speed
db1

UO
1 1 + sTP
2

PMAX
1 s
PGV

1 TG

3
db2

GV

PGV

KTURB (1 + ATURB sTW ) 1 + BTURB sTW

Pmech
1

UC
+

PM IN

GV

RPERM
4

RT E M P sT R 1 + sT R

States 1 - Pmech

PSLF model includes db1, db2, and Eps read but not implemented in Simulator Model supported by PSLF

2 - Servomotor position 3 - Gate position 4 - Transient droop

GovernorIEEEG3_PTI
Governor_IEEEG3_PTI IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3

PR EF
Speed
+

UO
1 TG (1 + sTP )
2

PMAX
1 s
3

UC

PM IN
RPERM

a a a23 1+ a11 13 21 sTW a23 1+ a11sTW

Pmech

RTEMPsTR 1+ sTR

States 1 - Pmech

2 - Servomotor position 3 - Gate position 4 - Transient droop

Model supported by PSSE

GovernorIEESGO
Governor IEESGO IEEE Standard Model IEEESGO
PO
Speed

K1(1+ sT2 ) (1+ sT1)(1+ sT3 )

PMAX

PMIN

1 1+ sT4

1 K2

+ +

Pmech

1 K2

K2 1+ sT5

K3 1+ sT6

States
1 - First Integrator 2 - Second Integrator 3 - Turbine T4 4 - Turbine T5
Model supported by PSSE

5 - Turbine T6

GovernorPIDGOV
Governor PIDGOV - Hydro Turbine and Governor Model PIDGOV

PR EF

Feedback signal

Rperm 1+ sTreg
2
+

States
1 - Mechanical Output 2 - Measured Delta P 3 - PI
1 1+ sTa
6

SBASE MBASE
Ki s
3

Pelec

Speed

Kp +

1 1+ sTa

4 - Reg1 5 - Derivative 6 - Reg2 7 - Gate

sKd 1+ sTa

Vel MAX
+

G MAX
Power
1 s
7
2 1
3

1 Tb

Vel MIN G MIN

Gate

1 sTZ 1+ sTZ 2

1 +

Pmech

TZ = ( A tw ) *Tw

D turb
Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE

(G0,0), (G1,P1), (G2,P2), (1,P3) are x,y coordinates of Power vs. Gate function

GovernorTGOV1
Governor TGOV1 Steam Turbine-Governor Model TGOV1
VMAX
PR EF

1 R

1 1+ sT1

1+ sT2 1+ sT3

Pmech

VMIN

Speed

Dt

States 1 - Turbine Power 2 - Valve Position

Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE

GovernorTGOV2
Governor TGOV2 Steam Turbine-Governor with Fast Valving Model TGOV2
K

V MAX
Reference

1 R

1 1+ sT1

1 K 1+ sT3

v 1+ sTt

3 + 4

PM ECH

VMIN
Speed

Dt

Intercept Valve Position

TI : TA : TB :

Time to initiate fast valving. Intercept valve, v , fully closed TA seconds after fast valving initiation. Intercept valve starts to reopen TB seconds after fast va lving initiation.

TC TB TA
1. 0.

TC : Intercept valve again fully open TC seconds after fast valving initiation.

TI

(T

+ TA

) (T

+ TB

) (T

+ TC

States 1 - Throttle

Time, seconds

2 - Reheat Pressure 3 - Reheat Power 4 - Intercept Valve

Model supported by PSSE

GovernorTGOV3
Governor TGOV3 Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor with Fast Valving Model
PM ECH

PR EF
Speed

K(1+ sT2 ) 1+ sT1

1 T3

1 s

1 1+ sT4

Flow

UO

PMAX

K1
3 +

PRMAX

K2
6
0.8

K3

1 4 v sT5

UC

PM IN

0 0.3

1 1+ sT6

Intercept Valve Position

Intercept Valve Position

TI : TA : TB :

Time to initiate fast valving. Intercept valve, v , fully closed TA seconds after fast valving initiation. Intercept valve starts to reopen TB seconds after fast va lving initiation.

TC TB TA
1. 0.

States 1 - LL 2 - StateT3 3 - StateT4 4 - StateT5 5 - StateT6 6 - Intercept Valve

TC : Intercept valve again fully open TC seconds after fast valving initiation.

TI

(T

+ TA

) (T

+ TB

) (T

+ TC

Time, seconds

Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE

Gv1,Pgv1 ... Gv6, Pgv6 are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Intercept Valve Position function

GovernorTGOV5
Governor_TGOV5 - IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model Modified to Include Boiler Controls
+
PMECH HP

PM 1

V MAX
K(1+ sT2 ) 1+ sT1

UO
1 T3 1 s

K1

K3

K5

K7

SPEED HP

1 1+ sT4

ms

1 1+ sT5
K4
+

1 1+ sT6
K6
+

1 1+ sT7
K8
+

f
B

PO

UC
PELEC
+

V MIN
KMW 1+ sTMW
+

K2

LMAX
R M AX
K14

ms

PM 2

+ MW D em and

Desired MW

C2 K13
+

1 s

PMECH LP

R M IN
KL

K12

PE (Pressure Error)
DPE

LMIN
PO

PT PSP

PSP

PO

DPE

C MAX
KI (1+ sTI )(1+ sTR ) s (1+ sTR1 )

Dead Band

C3
1 2

PE

PT

C1 K9

6
+

C MIN
Fuel Dynamics

1 sCB
+

PD

Desired MW

Model supported by PSSE

K11

e (1+ sTF )(1+ sTW )

sTD

K10

ms

GovernorURGS3T
Governor URGS3T WECC Gas Turbine Model
5

1 1 + sTLTR

States 1 - Input LL 2 - Integrator 3 - Governor LL 4 - Load Limit 5 - Temperature

If (D V >L INC ), then R LIM = LTRAT else, R LIM = R MAX

DV

Pref

err db1

K a (1 + sT4 ) 1 + sT5
1

+ LV GATE

R LIM

VMAX
3

1 sT1

1 + AsT2 1 + BsT2

PG V
G V

db2

Pmech

VMIN
+

FIDLE

1 R

FIDLE L MAX

KT

1 1 + sT3

Speed

Dturb

Model supported by PSSE

GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of P vs. GV block GV

GovernorWT12T1
Governor WT12T1 Two-Mass Turbine Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Generators

From WT12A Model

+ +

Dshaft

1 2Ht s

base

Damp

K shaft s

Tmech

Telec

1 2Hg s

Speed

base
+

base

1 s

R otor angle deviation

Initial rotor slip

H t =HH tfrac H g =H-H t 2H t H g (2Freq1) 2 K shaft = H 0

Model supported by PSSE

States 1 - TurbineSpeed 2 - ShaftAngle 3 - GenSpeed 4 - GenDeltaAngle

GovernorW2301
Governor W2301 Woodward 2301 Governor and Basic Turbine Model
Speed Ref
+

Pref Pelec
+

1 1+ sTp

Gamma

2 1+ 0.5Rho s Beta s(1.05 Alpha)

PI Controller

Speed

1+ 2Beta s

Gmax
1 1 + sTV
3
+

Valve Servo

1+ sKtTturb 1+ sTturb

Pmech

Gmin
D

Turbine

gnl
States 1 - PelecSensed 2 - PI 3 - Valve 4 - Turbine

Gain, Velamx read but not implemented in Simulator. Model supported by PSLF

GovernorWEHGOV
Governor WEHGOV Woodward Electric Hydro Governor Model
5
+

sK D 1 + sT D

Pilot Valve Gmax+DPV

Distribution Valve GTMXOP*Tg

+

Pref
0 Feedback signal

ERR (*)

1 Speed deadband

KP

1 1 + sT P
Gmin-DPV
Feedback signal=1

1 sT D V

States 1 - Pilot Valve 2 - DistributionValve 3 - Gate 4 - Turbine Flow 5 - Derivative 6 - Integrator 7 - PelecSensed

Gmax+DICN
KI s

GTMXCL*Tg Gmax

RpermPE 1 + sT PE

Gmin-DICN
Rperm G ate

Feedback signal=0

1 G ate position, g s Gmin

1 Tg

Pelec

SBASE M BASE

(*)O u t = 0 if E R R < (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) O u t = E R R ( I ) (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) if E R R > (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) O u t = E R R ( I ) + (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) if E R R < (S p e e d d e a d b a n d )

G overnor and H ydraulic A ctuators

Speed

Dturb
g

Pmss

Flow Gate position, g

Steady-State Flow , q ss

q/q ss

H
H 0 =1

1 sTW

Pm ss

Pmech

G ate

T urbine Flow , q

Flow

Model supported by PSSE (Gate 1, Flow G1)...(Gate 5, Flow G5) are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Gate function (Flow P1, PMECH 1)...(Flow P10, PMECH 10) are x,y coordinates of Pmss vs. Flow function

T urbine D ynam ics

GovernorWESGOV
Governor WESGOV Westinghouse Digital Governor for Gas Turbine Model

KP
Reference
Speed
+

1 sTI

2
+

(1 + sT1 )(1 + sT2 )

Pmech

Pelec

1 1+ sTpe

**

Droop

Digital Control * * *

* Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TC. * *Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TP. * * *Maximum change is limited to A lim between sampling times .
States 1 - PEMeas 2 - Control 3 - Valve 4 - PMech
Model supported by PSSE A lim read but not implemented in Simulator

GovernorWNDTGE
Pdbr Pelec
Spdw l
+

Pmech
rotor

Governor WNDTGE Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
7 9 8 10

Wind Power Model Blade Pitch

Rotor Model

Trip Signal Over/Under Speed Trip

PIMax & PIRat

Anti-windup on Pitch Limits

+

ref

1 1+ s5

2 0.67 Pelec + 1.42 Pelec + 0.51

Pelec

1 cmd 1+ sTp

err

States 1 - Pitch 2 - Pitch Control 3 - Torque Control 4 - Pitch Compensation 5 - Power Control 6 - Speed Reference 7 - Mech Speed 8 - Mech Angle 9 - Elect Speed 10- ElectAngle 11- Washout 12- Active Power
wsho
Pord

K pp + Kip / s

Anti-windup on Power Limits

3

PWmax & PWrat

PImin & -PIRat

Pitch Compensation

K ptrq + Kitrq / s Pitch Control Torque Anti-windup on Pitch Limits Control K pc + Kic / s

1 1+ sTpc

Pord

PWmin & -PWrat

p stl
1

Power Response Rate Limit

Wind 1 Wind Pavl Active Power Speed Power Control 1 + sT pav (glimv) Model (optional) WTG Ter Pavf 12 Bus Freq + p set 1 fbus Frequency Response To gewtg Auxiliary Curve Trip Signal Signal + (glimit) if (fbus < fb OR (psig) 1 fbus > fc) fflg

PsetAPC
0

Pmax

plim

perr

sTW 1 + sTW
+

11
+

apcflg Pmin

Release PMAX if fflg set

Model supported by PSLF

Apcflg is set to zero. Limits on states 2 and 3 and trip signal are not implemented. Simulator calculates initial windspeed Spdwl.

Governor WNDTGE Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
Two - Mass Rotor Model
+

0
+

rotor Turbine Speed

1 8 s

Tmech + Tmech =

Pmech mech + 0 Telec

1 2H

1 s Dtg

base

1 s
9

mech
+

Ktg

Tshaft

Telec =

Pelec elec + 0

1 2Hg

elec

base

1 s

10

Generator Speed

Wind Power Model

Pmech =

Ar vw3Cp ( , )

= Kb ( / vw )

Cp ( , ) = ij i j
See charts for curve fit values
i =0 j =0

Model supported by PSLF

GovernorWNDTRB
Governor WNDTRB Wind Turbine Control Model

90
BPR M X

Rotor speed + r

KP (1+ sT1) 1+ sT2

1 s

cos

1 1+ sTa

Pwo

Pmech

-BPR M X

ref

States 1 - Input
2 - Blade Angle (Deg)
Model supported by PSLF

3 - Blade Pitch Factor

GovernorWPIDHY
Governor WPIDHY Woodward PID Hydro Governor Model
States

PR EF PELEC
+

Per Unit Output (MBASE)

(1, P3 ) ( G 2 , P2 ) ( G1 , P1 ) 1.0

1 - Mechanical Output 2 - Measured Delta P 3 - PID1 4 - PID2 5 - PID3 6 - Velocity 7 - Gate

sK D
+

( G 0 , 0)

G ate Position (pu)

REG 1 + sT REG

Speed

KP

+ +

3
2

Vel M AX 1 1 + sT B

G M AX
1 s

PM AX
1 sTW T 1+ s W 2 1

(1 + sT A )

4 5

6
Vel M IN

7
G M IN

GP

PM IN

Ki s

PMECH
Model supported by PSSE

GovernorWSHYDD
Governor WSHYDD WECC Double-Derivative Hydro Governor Model

Pref

(Speed)

err db1

1 1+ sTD

sK1 1+ sTF

3 +

KI s

(1+ sTF )
4

s2K2

TT = 0
R
7

(TT > 0)

1 1+ sTT

Pelec

VEL OPEN

PMAX

KG 1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE

1 s

9
db2

GV
N GV

PGV

1 + s A tu r b T tu r b 1 + s B t u r b T tu r b

T r a te M VA

Pmech
1

PMIN

States 1 - Pmech 2 - TD 3 - K1

6 - Integrator 7 - Pelec Sensed 8 - Valve 9 - Gate

Inputs GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block

Model supported by PSSE

4 - K 2 first 5 - K 2 second

GovernorWSHYGP
Governor WSHYGP WECC GP Hydro Governor Plus Model
Pref
KP

(Speed)

+
err db1

1 1+ sTD

KI s
sKD 1+ sTf

+ +

CV

Tt = 0
R
5

(Tt > 0)

1 1+ sTt

Pelec

VEL OPEN

PMAX

KG 1+ sTP
VEL CLOSE

1 s

7
db2

GV
N GV

PGV

1 + s A tu r b T tu r b 1 + s B t u r b T tu r b

T r a te M VA

Pmech

PMIN

States
1 - Pmech 2 - TD 3 - Integrator 5 - Pelec Sensed 6 - Valve 7 - Gate

Model supported by PSSE GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block

4 - Derivative

GovernorWSIEG1
Governor WSIEG1 WECC Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model
GV0
+

PMAX UO

err db1

1+ sT2 1+ sT1

CV

1 T3
UC

1 s
PMIN

2
db2

GV
N GV

PGV

PM ECH HP

PM1

States
1 - Lead-lag 2 - Governor Output 3 - Turbine 1 4 - Turbine 2 5 - Turbine 3 6 - Turbine 4

K1

K3

K5

K7

1 1+ sT4

1 1+ sT5

1 1+ sT6

1 1+ sT7

K2
Iblock = 1 : if PM IN =0, PMIN =Pinitial Iblock = 2 : if PM AX =0, PMAX =Pinitial Iblock = 3 : if PMIN =0, PMIN =Pinitial : if PMAX =0, PMAX =Pinitial
+

K4
+

K6
+ +

K8
+ +

PM ECH LP

PM 2

GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of NGV block Model supported by PSSE

GovernorWT1T
Governor WT1T Wind Turbine Model for Type-1 Wind Turbines
Pgen Pmech
From G overnor M odel From G enerator M odel

Tacc

1 2H

1 s

To Generator M odel and G overnor M odel

Damp

Type 1 WTG Turbine One - mass Model

t
From G overnor M odel

Pmech

Tmech
+

1 2Ht

1 s

1 t

1 s

t
2

States
1 - TurbineSpeed 2 - ShaftAngle
K

Dshaft
From G enerator M odel

tg
1 s

tg

3 - GenSpeed 4 - GenDeltaAngle

Pgen

Telec +
+

1 2Hg

g 0

g
1 s
4

Type 1 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model

Model supported by PSLF

H t =HH tfrac H g =H-H t 2H t H g (2Freq1) 2 K= H

GovernorWT3T
Governor WT3T Wind Turbine Model for Type-3 (Doubly-fed) Wind Turbines
Simplified Aerodynamic M odel Blade Pitch

From G enerator M odel

Pgen
+

From Pitch C ontrol M odel

Kaero

Pmech +
+

Tacc

1 2H

1 s

T o Pitch C ontrol M odel and C onverter C ontrol M odel

Pmo
Damp

Type 3 WTG Turbine One - mass Model

When windspeed > rated windspeed, blade pitch initialized to =
t Pmech Tmech
+

Theta 2 1 1 2 0.75 VW

1 2Ht

1 s

1 t

1 s

t
2

States
K

Dshaft
Pgen

tg
1 s

tg

1 - TurbineSpeed 2 - ShaftAngle 3 - GenSpeed 4 - GenDeltaAngle

Telec

+ +

1 2Hg

g 0

g
1 s
4

Type 3 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model

Model supported by PSLF

H t =HH tfrac H g =H-H t 2H t H g (2Freq1) 2 K= H

GovernorWT3T1
Governor WT3T1 Mechanical System Model for Type 3 Wind Generator

Blade Pitch From W T 3P1 M odel

Kaero

Paero initial

Initial Pitch 0 Angle

1 1+ State 1

+ +

Tmech

1 2Ht s

base
+

Dshaft
Damp

tg +

g
+

K shaft s

Tmech

1 2Hg s

base
g
1 s
4
R otor Angle Deviation

Telec H t =HH tfrac H g =H-H t 2H t H g (2Freq1) 2 K shaft = H 0

Model supported by PSSE

base

Initial rotor slip

GovernorBBGOV1
European Governor Model BBGOV1
PELEC SW ITC H = 0 SW ITC H 0

1 1 + sT1 PO

Speed

f cut
KS

KLS
+

PM AX
1 KP 1 + sT N

sK D 1 + sT D PM IN

f cut

K LS

1 s

KG K LS

1 1 + sT4

1 K2 1 K3

+ +

PM EC H

K2 1 + sT5 K3 1 + sT6

GovernorIVOGO
IVO Governor Model IVOGO

REF
MAX 1 SPEED
+

MAX 3
K3 ( A3 + sT3 ) A4 + sT4

K1 ( A + sT1 ) 1 A2 + sT2

K5 ( A5 + sT5 ) A6 + sT6

MAX 5 PMECH

MIN 5 MIN 1 MIN 3

GovernorTURCZT
Czech Hydro and Steam Governor Model TURCZT
Frequency Bias
BSFREQ +

f M AX

Power Regulator K KOR

N TREF

f M IN

f DEAD

KP
+

Hydro Converter

dFREF SBASE M BASE

N TMAX

1 1 + sT EH P
Frequency Bias

YREG

PELEC

1 1 + sTC

KM

1 sT I
N TMIN

Measuring Transducer

s DEAD

K STAT

G overnor
1 2

6
HP Part Steam Unit K HP Reheater
+

Regulation Valves V MAX

Y REG

G MAX 1 s G MIN SWITCH = 1 SWITCH = 0

1 1 + sT H P

1 K HP
+

1 TU
V MIN

1 1 + sT R

1 KM

PM EC H

2 1 1 + s TH 2

1 KM

PM EC H

Hydro Unit

T urbine

GovernorURCSCT
Combined Cycle on Single Shaft Model URCSCT

Plant O utput (MW )

(STOUT C, POUT C) (STOUT B, POUT B) (STOUT A, POUT A)

(Steam Turbine Rating, Steam & Gas Turbine Rating)

Steam Turbine O utput (M W )

GovernorHYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM

H LAKE (V )

H SCH (V ) Q SCH
TUNNEL TUNL / A, TUNLOS

SCHARE SURGE CHAMBER SCHLOS

QTUN

H BSCH

PENSTOCK PENL / A, PENLOS

Q PEN

TURBINE

H TAIL (V )

Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter M odel

GovernorHYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
2 Q PEN

At
Gate + Relief Valve

PENLOS

INPUT

O2

H BSCH
+

2 PEN 2

At
+

H LAKE

gv s PENL A

OUTPUT

H BSCH

H TAIL

Q PEN Q 2 TUN
TUNLOS

H SCH
gv sTUNL A

SCHLOS

gv sTUNL A

Q 2 SCH

Q SCH
+

QTUN

Q PEN
1 2

LEGEND : gv TUNL/A SCHARE PENLOS FSCH PENL/A

Gravitational acceleration Summation of length/cross section of tunnel Surge chamber cross section Penstock head loss coeficient Surge chamber orifice head loss coeficient Summation of length/cross section of penstock, scroll case and draft tube

At O HSCH QPEN QTUN QSCH

Turbine flow gain Gate + relief valve opening W ater level in surge chamber Penstock flow Tunnel flow Surge chamber flow

Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter M odel

GovernorHYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
Jet Deflector
+

M XJDO R

1 Tg
M XJD C R

1 s

Deflector Position

Speed
Speed Reference

Governor

0.01 +
G MAX

+ +

Gate Servo
M XGTOR or M XBGOR

1 1+ sTf

1+ sTr rsTr
G MIN

1 Tg
M XGTCR or M XBGCR

1 s

Gate Opening

RVLVCR +

RVLMAX

1 s

Relief Valve
0

Relief Valve Opening

LEGEND : R r Tr Tf Tg MXG TOR MXGTCR MXBGOR

Permanent droop Temporary droop Governor time constant Filter time constant Servo time constant Maximum gate opening rate Maximum gate closing rate Maximum buffered gate opening rate

MXBGCR GM AX GM IN RVLVCR RVLM AX MXJDOR MXJDCR

Maximum buffered gate closing opening Maximum gate limit Minimum gate limit Relief valve closing rate Maximum relief valve limit Maximum jet deflector opening rate Maximum jet deflector closing rate

GovernorHYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
H SCH (V ) Q SCH
SCHARE SURGE CHAMBER SCHLOS

H LAKE (V )
TUNNEL

QTUN

H BSCH

PENSTOCK

Q PEN

TURBINE

H TAIL (V )

Time TUNNEL (TUNLGTH , TUNSPD , TUNARE , TUNLOS ) Tunnel Inlet Constraint

Surge Chamber Constraints

DELT * ICON (M + 3)

Flows Heads

VAR(L + 46 ) VAR(L + 66 )

1442444 4 3 TUNLGTH / (ICON (M + 2) +1)

Space
VAR(L + 45 + ICON(M + 2)) = QTUN VAR(L + 65 + ICON(M + 2)) = H BSCH

Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling W ave M odel

GovernorHYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT

Surge Chamber QTUN

+

Q PEN

Q SCH

1 sSCHARE

H SCH +

H BSCH

Q 2 SCH

SCHLOS

Time PENSTOCK ( PENLGTH , PENSPD , PENARE , PENLOS ) Surge Chamber Constraints

Turbine Constraint

DELT * ICON (M +1)

Flows Heads

VAR(L + 6 ) = Q PEN VAR(L + 26 ) = H BSCH

1442444 4 3 PENLGTH / (ICON (M ) + 1)

Space VAR(L + 55 + ICON(M)) VAR(L + 25 + ICON(M))

Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling W ave M odel

GovernorHYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
Jet Deflector
+

M XJDO R

1 Tg
M XJD C R

1 s

Deflector Position

Speed Speed Reference

Governor

0.01 +
G MAX

+ +

Gate Servo
M XGTOR or M XBGOR

1 1+ sTf

1+ sTr rsTr
G MIN

1 Tg
M XGTCR or M XBGCR

1 s

Gate Opening

RVLVCR +

RVLMAX

1 s

Relief Valve
LEGEND : R r Tr Tf Tg MXG TOR MXGTCR MXBGOR
0

Relief Valve Opening

Permanent droop MXBGCR Maximum buffered gate closing opening Temporary droop GM AX Maximum gate limit Governor time constant GM IN Minimum gate limit Filter time constant RVLVCR Relief valve closing rate Servo time constant RVLM AX Maximum relief valve limit MXJDOR Maximum jet deflector opening rate Maximum gate opening rate MXJDCR Maximum jet deflector closing rate Maximum gate closing rate Maximum buffered gate opening rate Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling W ave M odel

GovernorTGOV4
Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model with PLU and EVA Model TGOV4

Generator Power

sT R EV A 1 + sT RE VA

E V A > R ate L evel

Y
T IV 1
OR

IV #1 IV # 2

AND

EVA > U nbalance L evel

T IV 2

Reheat Pressure
TC V 1
P L U > R ate L evel

CV #1 CV # 2 CV # 3 CV # 4

Generator Current

sT R PL U 1 + sT R PLU

T im er

Y
TC V 2
AND LATCH

PLU > U nbalance L evel

TC V 3

Y
TC V 4

PLU and EVA Logic Diagram

GovernorTWDM1T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 1T
VELM OPEN
+

GATE MAX

N REF

1 1+ sTf

1+ sTr

1 rTr
VELM CLOSE

1 s
GATE MIN

1 1+ sTg

Speed +

1 sTW

At

1.0

PMECH

qNL
Tail W ater Depression M odel 1

D turb

0.

Speed
AND

f < F2
FREQ

1 1+ sTft

OR

sf < sF2
Measured Frequency

TF 2LATCH

Trip Tail Water Depression

f < F 1

TF1LATCH

Tail W ater Depression Trip M odel

GovernorTWDM2T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 2T
TWD Lock MAX V ELMX G ATMX

SPEED

1 s
TWD Lock MIN

+ +

LOGIC
Two Trip

(1+ sTA )

1 1+ sTB
V ELMN

1 s
G ATMN

Reg 1 + sTREG

KP sKD

PREF
+

PELECT

1 sTW

At

1.0

PMECH

qNL
D turb

0.

Tail W ater Depression M odel 2

1 2

f < F2
AND OR

FREQ

1 1+ sTft

sf < sF2
Measured Frequency

TF 2LATCH

Trip Tail Water Depression

f < F 1

TF1LATCH

Tail W ater Depression Trip M odel

HVDC Two Terminal DC Control Diagram

VOLTAGE TRAN SD U C ER
PD E S
+

PM O D
+ RECT

VDC

1 1 + sTv

VMEAS

I DES =

PDES VMEAS

C O N STAN T POW ER

C O N STAN T CURRENT

I DES

CURRENT TRAN SD U C ER

I DC

1 1 + sTC

I MAX I MAX I MIN VMIN VMEAS

I M EAS
MARGIN SWITCH LOGIC

If I MIN I DES I MAX I ORD = I DES If I MIN > I DES , I ORD = I DES If I MAX < I DES , I ORD = I MAX

I MIN = 10% * I MAX VMIN = VLIM *VRATED

I M OD

I ORD
LIM
K (1+ sT1) (1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )

E OR E OI V'
+

1 1 + sTD
cosR cosI

1.35 E C

( RECTIFIER )

C URREN T M ARGIN ( IN VERTER )

V cos o EOR V cosI = cos EOR cosR =

2RC

LIM = E OR (cos 0 + cos min ) 2 I M EAS RC ( RECT ) LIM = E OI (cos + cos STOP ) 2 I M EAS RC ( IVERT )

I M EAS

I M EAS

( RECTIFIER )
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

( IN VERTER )

HVDC WSCC Stability Program Two-Terminal DC Line Model

P G E N r + jQ G E N r P G E N i jQ G E N i

1: Nr

1
cr

V vr

R cr

L sr

Pr

L I

Pi

L si

R ci

V vi

N i :1
ci

V Ar
V pr
D r'

V Ai
Vi D i' V pi

Vr

Er =

3 2

N rV A R = 3I

3 2

X
cr

V pr

cos r =

IX

cr

2V p r

cos r

Ei =

3 2

N iV A i = 3I

3 2

X ci

V pi

cos i = cos i P G E N i = D i' I

IX

ci

2V p i

D r' = E r c o s cos r = D r' Er

P G E N r = D r' I

D i' = E i c o s cos i = D i' Ei

I I

'' '''

= (E r cos = (E r cos

M IN M IN

E i cos + Ei cos

M IN STO P

V vr V vi ) / R T O T V vr V vi ) / R T O T 3 X

W H E R E R T O T = R + R cr + R ci +

(X

cr

ci

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

HVDC-MTDC Control System for Rectifiers and Inverters without Current Margin

VDC

1 1 + sTv

VLAG

I DES =

PDES VMEAS

C O N STAN T POW ER

C O N STAN T CURRENT

I DES

I DC

1 1 + sTC

I MAX
' I M AX

I MIN
V DV

If I MIN I D I MAX I ORD = I D If I D > I MAX , I ORD = I MAX If I D < I MIN , I ORD = I MIN

I M EAS
+

I ORD LIM V1
K (1+ sT1) (1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )

V doL

1 1 + sTLIM

V do

I REF

V3 GREATER V OF THE TWO VC

6 XC

+1.
V cos = cos ON VdoL

cos

1.

0.0
REC T LIM = V doL (cos 0 + cos min ) INV LIM = V doL (cos 0 + cos STOP )

I M EAS
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

HVDC-MTDC Control System for Terminals with Current Margin

I I O RD 2 O RD 1 I O RD 3

..
N -1

cos ON =

2 RC ( FRAC ) I MARG + cos o Vdo INITIAL

FRAC = 0.25

I ORD

VCORD = Vdo (cos ON cos o ) + 2 RC I ORD

I DC

1 1 + sTC

I O RD
+ +

I M EAS

VC O RD LIM V1
K (1+ sT1) (1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )

V doL

1 1 + sTLIM

V do

I M ARG

V3

GREATEST OF THE TWO

+1.
V cos = cos ON VdoL

cos

1.

0.0
LIM = V doL (cos ON + cos STOP )

VC
6 XC

I M EAS
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

HVDC Detailed VDCL and Mode Change Card Multi-Terminal

CURRENT
1.0

YES

PDES VMEAS I DES

PDES VMEAS

Y1 Y0
VOLTAGE

VMEAS

VMEAS > VC1

NO VDCL

V1

V2

I ORD

Y1 , Y0 V1 , V2

VDCL PU Current on rated Current base PU Voltage on rated Voltage base

VC1

Mode Change PU rated DC Voltage below which mode is changed to constant I from constant P

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

HVDC Equivalent Circuit of a Two Terminal DC Line

X
1:T
r

Rr

R cr R eqr VDr
+

RL Id VDi

R eqi

R ci

Xi

Ri
1:T

P, Qr r
E r E cr

P, Q i i
+

V dor c o s r

V dr

V di

V doi c o s i

E ci

E i

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

HVDC BPA Converter Controller

VOLTAGE TRAN SD U C ER PD E S
+

PM O D
+ RECT

VDC

1 1 + sTv

VMEAS

I DES =

PDES VMEAS

C O N STAN T POW ER

C O N STAN T CURRENT

I DES

CURRENT TRAN SD U C ER

I DES
I MAX I MAX I MIN VMIN VMEAS
If I MIN I DES I MAX I ORD = I DES If I MIN > I DES , I ORD = I DES If I MAX < I DES , I ORD = I MAX

I DC

1 1 + sTC

I M EAS
MARGIN SWITCH LOGIC
+

I MIN = 10% * I MAX VMIN = VLIM *VRATED

C U R R E N T LIM CONTROLLER K (1+ sT1) (1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3 )

I ORD V' V

E OR E OI
+

1 1 + sTD
cosR cosI

1.35 E C

I M OD

( RECTIFIER ) C U RREN T M ARG IN ( IN VERTER )

V cos o EOR V cosI = cos EOR

cosR =

0 I M EAS ( RECTIFIER )

2RC

LIM = E OR (cos 0 + cos min ) 2 I M EAS RC ( RECT ) LIM = E OI (cos + cos STOP ) 2 I M EAS RC ( IVERT )

I M EAS ( IN VERTER )

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model

PD E S
+

+ (R)

PM O D C O N STAN T POW ER C O N STAN T CURRENT

Vdr

1 1 + sTv

VMEAS

I DES =

PDES VMEAS

I des

I des
Id 1 1 + sTC I MAX I MAX I MIN VMIN VMEAS
If I MIN < I des < I MAX I ord = I des If I MIN I des , I ord = I MIN If I MAX I des , I ord = I MAX

Id

M EAS

MARGIN SWITCH LOGIC

DI
+

I ORD
+

I M OD

I ord
Vdor cos0 Vdoi cos i 2V0 RT

I ord

C o n tr o l S c h e m e L o g ic

I DC

V dor

I ord V doi DI
+

1 iT IDC 1+ sTL
i

Id

cosr cosi

I ord
If:

C o n tr o l S c h e m e L o g ic

( c u r r e n t m a r g in )
IN V . C o n tr o lle r

I ord

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

iT Iordr CC CEAControl Id = Iordr i = o; Vdor cosr =Vdoi coso + 2VD + RT ID iT Iordi CIACC Control Id = Iordi r = o; Vdoi cosi =Vdo coso 2VD RT ID Iordi < iT < Iordr CIACEAControl Id = iT r =o; i = o

HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model

I M AX I AC PAC
s 1+ sTd

1 1+ sTf

s s +

s2 + sA + B s2 + sC + D

I M OD
K

Low Level M odulation

I M IN
* PM AX

I AC PAC

s 1+ sTd
* M AX

1 1+ sTf

s s +

s2 + sA + B s2 + sC + D

PM OD
* PM IN

High Level M odulation P

= PM AX PDESIRED
* PM IN = PM IN PDESIRED

1
RECT

PM AX
s 1+ sTd1

1 1+ sTf 1

s s + 1

s + sA + B1 1 s2 + sC1 + D1
2

K1

PM OD PM IN

2
INV

s 1+ sTd 2

1 1+ sTf 2

s s + 2

s2 + sA2 + B2 s2 + sC2 + D2

K2

Dual Frequancy M odulation

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model

Gamm a M odulation

M AX
V AC
s 1+ sT1
+

A + sT3 1+ sT4

B + sT5 1+ sT6

M IN

V REF

T1 , T3 , T4 , T5 are in secs. M AX , M IN are in degrees HILO must be 5

K is in degrees/pu volts A , B must be 1 or zero

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

LoadCharacteristicCIM5
Load Characteristic CIM5 Induction Motor Load Model
Type 1
RA + jX A RA + jX A

Type 2
jX1 jX2 jXm
R1 s R2 s R1 s R2 s

jX1 jXm

jX2

Impedances on Motor MVA Base

Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R2 = X2 = 0. 2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE 3. Load Torque, TL = T(1+D )D 4. For motor starting, T=Tnom is specified by the user in CON(J+18). For motor online studies, T=T0 is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V| is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 | 6. T| is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. TB is the breaker delay time cycles.
Model supported by PSSE

LoadCharacteristicCIM6
Load Characteristic CIM6 Induction Motor Load Model
Type 1 Type 2

RA + jX A

RA + jX A

jX1

jX1 jXm
R1 s

jX2 jXm
R2 s R1 s

jX2
R2 s

Impedances on Motor MVA Base

Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R2 = X2 = 0. 2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE
E 2 3. Load Torque, TL = T( A +B +C0 +D ) D

4. For motor starting, T=Tnom is specified by the user in CON(J+22). For motor online studies, T=T0 is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V| is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 | 6. T| is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. TB is the breaker delay time cycles.

Model supported by PSSE

LoadCharacteristicCIMW
Load Characteristic CIMW Induction Motor Load Model
Type 1
RA + jX A RA + jX A

Type 2
jX1 jX2 jXm
R1 s R2 s R1 s R2 s

jX1 jXm

jX2

Impedances on Motor MVA Base

Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R2 = X2 = 0. 2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE
E 2 E 2 3. Load Torque, TL = T( A +B +C0 +D ) where C0=1 A B0 D0 . D

4. This model cannot be used formotor starting studies. T0 is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V| is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 | 6. T| is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. TB is the breaker delay time cycles. Model supported by PSSE

LoadCharacteristicCLOD
Load Characteristic CLOD Complex Load Model
P + jQ Tap

R + jX P O

P = Load MW input on system base O

I
V

Constant MVA
V

P = P *V KP RO Q = QRO *V 2

M
Large Motors

M
Small Motors

Discharge Motors

Transformer Saturation

Remaining Loads

Model supported by PSSE

LoadCharacteristicEXTL
Load Characteristic EXTL Complex Load Model

Pinitial
+

PMLTMX
1 Pinitial
KP s

Q initial
+

QMLTMX
1
Q initial KQ s

Pactual

PMULT

Q actual

QMULT

PMLTMN

QMLTMN

LoadCharacteristicIEEL
Load Characteristic IEEL Complex Load Model

P = P a1vn1 + a2vn2 + a3vn3 (1+ a7f ) load Q = Qload

n4 4

( (a v

+ a5vn5 + a6vn6 (1+ a8f )

Model supported by PSSE

LoadCharacteristicLDFR
Load Characteristic LDFR Complex Load Model

P=P O O

Q = QO O

I p = I po O Iq = Iqo O

Model supported by PSSE

LoadCharacteristicBPAINDUCTIONMOTORI
Load Characteristic BPA Induction MotorI Induction Motor Load Model

RS + jXS

jXR
MECHANICAL LOAD

jXm

R=

RR s

T, EMWS

Model Notes: Mechanical Load Torque, T = ( A2 + B + C)TO where C is calculated by the program such that A2 + B + C = 1.0 = 1

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

LoadCharacteristicBPATYPELA
Load Characteristic BPA Type LA Load Model

P = P ( PV 2 + PV + P + P (1+f * LDP ) ) 0 1 2 3 4

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

LoadCharacteristicBPATYPELB
Load Characteristic BPA Type LB Load Model

P = P ( PV 2 + PV + P ) (1+f * LDP ) 0 1 2 3

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

StabilizerBPASF,BPASP,BPASS,andBPASG
Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG Stabilizer Models

CHOICE OF INPUT SIGNALS

VT =VTO VT

K QV 1+sTQV

e ts

KQS

sTQ 1+sTQ

1+sT

' Q1

1+sT

' Q2

1+sT

' Q3

1+sTQ1

1+sTQ2

1+sTQ3

SHAFT SLIP, FREQ. OR ACCEL. POWER

K QS 1+sTQS
1

VT

If VCUTOFF 0.0, then VS =VS' If VCUTOFF >0.0, then VS =V if VT VCUTOFF

' S

VSMAX
VS'
VST

VS =0.0 if VT >VCUTOFF

States 1 - K QS 2 - K QV 3 - TQ 4 - TQ1 5 - TQ2 6 - TQ3

VT =VTO VT

VSMIN

ZERO

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

StabilizerBPASH,BPASHPLUS,andBPASI
Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI Stabilizer Models

No block diagrams have been created

StabilizerIEE2ST
Stabilizer IEE2ST IEEE Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals
Input Signal #1

K1 1+sT1

Input Signal #2

sT3 1+sT4

1+sT5 1+sT6

1+sT7 1+sT8

K2 1+sT2

LSMAX
1+sT9 1+sT10
6

Output Limiter

VS = VSS if (VCU > VCT > VCL ) VS = 0 if (VCT < VCL ) VS = 0 if (VCT > VCU ) VST

VSS

LSMIN

States 1 - Transducer1 2 - Transducer2 3 - Washout 4 - LL1 5 - LL2 6 - Unlimited Signal

Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerIEEEST
Stabilizer IEEEST IEEE Stabilizing Model

Filter

Input Signal

1+A5s+A 6s 2 (1+A1s+A 2s 2 )(1+A 3s+A 4s 2 )

1 2

1+sT1 1+sT2
5

1+sT3 1+sT4
6

L SM AX
sT5 KS 1+sT6
7

Output Limiter

VS = VSS if (VCU > VCT > VCL ) VS = 0 if (VCT < VCL ) VS = 0 if (VCT > VCU )
VST

VSS

L SM IN
States 1 - Filter 1 2 - Filter 2 3 - Filter 3 4 - Filter Out 5 - LL1 6 - LL2 7 - Unlimited Signal

Model supported by PSLF with time delay that is not implemented in Simulator Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerPFQRG
Stabilizer PFQRG Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit
Reactive Power
J=1
+ +

KP +

KI s

M AX To Voltage Regulator
VST

J=0

-M AX
Reference Signal, Reactive power or Power Factor

Supplementary Signal

Power Factor

States 1 - PI Model supported by PSLF

StabilizerPSS2A
Stabilizer PSS2A IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model
1 2

Input Signal #1

sTW1 1+sTW1

sTW2 1+sTW2

1 1+sT6

1+sT8 M (1+sT9 )
9
18

K S1

1+sT1 1+sT2

1+sT3 1+sT4

K S3
4

K S4
A+sTA 1+sTB

VSTMAX
19

Input Signal #2

sTW3 1+sTW3

sTW4 1+sTW4

K S2 1+sT7

VST VSTMIN

States 1 - WOTW1 2 - WOTW2 3 - Transducer1 4 - WOTW3 5 - WOTW4 6 - Transducer2 7 - LL1 8 - LL2 9 - RampFilter1 10 - RampFilter2 Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE without TA ,TB lead/lag block and with K S4 = 1 11 - RampFilter3 12 - RampFilter4 13 - RampFilter5 14 - RampFilter6 15 - RampFilter7 16 - RampFilter8 17 - RampFilter9 18 - RampFilter10 19 - LLGEOnly

StabilizerPSS2B
Stabilizer PSS2B IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model
VS1M AX
VS1
1 2

7
+

20

sTW1 1+sTW1

sTW2 1+sTW2

1 1+sT6

1+sT8 M (1+sT9 )
9
18

K S1

1+sT1 1+sT2

1+sT3 1+sT4

1+sT10 1+sT11

VS1M IN
5 6

K S3
VS2M AX
VS2
4

K S4
A+sTA 1+sTB
19

VSTMAX VST

sTW3 1+sTW3

VS2M IN States 1 - WOTW1 11 - RampFilter3 2 - WOTW2 12 - RampFilter4 3 - Transducer1 13 - RampFilter5 4 - WOTW3 14 - RampFilter6 5 - WOTW4 15 - RampFilter7 6 - Transducer2 16 - RampFilter8 7 - LL1 17 - RampFilter9 8 - LL2 18 - RampFilter10 9 - RampFilter1 19 - LLGEOnly 10 - RampFilter2 20 - LL3 Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE without TA ,TB lead/lag block and with K S4 = 1

sTW4 1+sTW4

K S2 1+sT7

VSTMIN

StabilizerPSSSB
Stabilizer PSSSB IEEE PSS2A Dual-Input Stabilizer Plus Voltage Boost Signal Transient Stabilizer and Vcutoff
1 2

Input 1

sTW1 1+sTW1

sTW2 1+sTW2

1 1+sT6

1+sT8 M (1+sT9 )
9
18

K S1

1+sT1 1+sT2

1+sT3 1+sT4

VT =VT0 -VT

VSTMAX
VT >Vcutoff
0
+ +

K S3
4

K S4 VSTMIN
0

Input 2

sTW3 1+sTW3

sTW4 1+sTW4

K S2 1+sT7
19 20

VST

States

1 - WOTW1 2 - WOTW2 3 - Transducer1 4 - WOTW3 5 - WOTW4 6 - Transducer2 7 - LL1 8 - LL2 9 - RampFilter1

11 - RampFilter3 12 - RampFilter4 13 - RampFilter5 14 - RampFilter6 15 - RampFilter7 16 - RampFilter8 17 - RampFilter9 18 - RampFilter10 19 - TransducerTEB

1 1+sTd1
0

sTd2 1+sTd2

Vtl

V cutoff

VK

1
Sw 1

10 - RampFilter2 20 - WOTEB Model supported by PSLF

StabilizerPTIST1
Stabilizer PTIST1 PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer
1

Ms 1+sTF

P'M +

K(1+sT1 )(1+sT3 ) (1+sT2 )(1 + sT4 )

Tap Selection Table

Et

VST

1 1+sTP

Pe on machine MVA base

Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

StabilizerPTIST3
Stabilizer PTIST3 PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer

Ms 1+sTF

P'M +

K(1+sT1 )(1+sT3 ) (1+sT2 )(1 + sT4 )

1+sT5 1+sT6

(A 0 +A1s+A 2s 2 )(A 3 +A 4s+A 5s 2 ) (B0 +B1s+B2s 2 )(B3 +B4s+B5s 2 )

1 1+sTP

Pe on machine MVA base DL

Sw itch = 0

Et
+

Averaging Function

Limit Function
Sw itch = 1

DL
AL

Tap Selection Table

VST

AL

Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

StabilizerST2CUT
Stabilizer ST2CUT Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals

Input Signal #1

K1 1+sT1

+ +

sT3 1+sT4

1+sT5 1+sT6

1+sT7 1+sT8

1+sT9 1+sT10

Input Signal #2

K2 1+sT2

L SM AX
VSS

VS = VSS

Output Limiter if (VCU +VTO >VT >VCL +VTO )

VST

VS = 0 if (VT < VTO +VCL ) VS = 0 if (VCT > VTO +VCU ) VTO = initial terminal voltage VT = terminal voltage

L SM IN

States

1 - Transducer1 2 - Transducer2 3 - Washout 4 - LL1 5 - LL2 6 - Unlimited Signal

Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerSTAB1
Stabilizer STAB1 Speed-Sensitive Stabilizing Model

Speed (pu)

Ks 1+sT

1+sT1 1+sT3

1+sT2 1+sT4

H LIM VST -H LIM

States 1 - Washout 2 - Lead-lag 1 3 - Lead-lag 2 Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerSTAB2A
Stabilizer STAB2A Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit

K3 1+sT3

4
+ +
2

H LIM VST -H LIM

Pe on machine MVA base

K sT 2 2 1+sT2
1

K5 1+sT5
5

K4

States 1 - Input State 1 2 - Input State 2 3 - Input State 3 4 - T3 5 - Output State 1 6 - Output State 2 Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerSTAB3
Stabilizer STAB3 Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit

Pref Pe on machine MVA base

1 1+sTt
1
+

VLIM
1 1+sTX1
2

-sK X 1+sTX2

VST -VLIM

States 1 - Int Tt 2 - Int TX1 3 - Unlimited Signal Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerSTAB4
Stabilizer STAB4 Power-Sensitive Stabilizer

Pref Pe on machine MVA base

1 1+sTt
1
+

L2 VST L1

sK X 1+sTX2

1+sTa 1+sTX1

1+sTb 1+sTc

1 1+sTd

1 1+sTe

States 1 - Input 2 - Reset 3 - LL1 4 - LL2 5 - Td 6 - Unlimited Signal Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerSTBSVC
Stabilizer STBSVC WECC Supplementary Signal for Static var Compensator

Input Signal #1

K S1 1+sTS7

1+sTS8 1+sTS9
+

VSCS K S3 -VSCS VST

sTS13 KS3 1+sTS14

Input Signal #2

K S2 1+sTS10

1+sTS11 1+sTS12

States 1 - Transducer1 2 - LL1 3 - Transducer2 4 - LL2 5 - W ashout Model supported by PSSE

StabilizerWSCCST
Stabilizer WSCCST WSCC Power System Stabilizer
VT0 VT
+

States
K qv 1+sTqv
1

f(U)

1 - Transducer1 2 - Transducer2

1 1+sT1

sT2 1+sT2

+ +

3 - W ashoutTq
V
' s

K qs

4 - LL1 5 - LL2 6 - LL3

signal j speed 1 accpw 2 freq 3

Kt
1 1+sTqs
2

sT3 1+sT3

s 1+sT4

VT =VT0 -VT

VSMAX
sTq 1+sTq
3
' 1+sTq1

0
+

VT >Vcutoff

' 1+sTq2

' 1+sTq3

1+sTq1

1+sTq2
0

1+sTq3

0 V cutoff

VS

VSLOW
0

VK

1 1+sTd1

sTd2 1+sTd2

Vtl

Sw 1 Model supported by PSLF Blocks in gray have not been implemented in Simulator

StabilizerWT12A1andWT1P
Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P Pseudo Governor Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Turbines

Speed

KP
ref
+ +

KI
1 s

+ +

PI MAX
1 1+sT1

PI MIN
2

1 1+sT2

Pmech

Pgen

1 1+sTPE

K droop

Pref

States 1 - Pgen 2 - KI 3 - T1 4 - Pmech

WT12A1 supported by PSSE with K I = WT1P supported by PSLF 1 TI

StabilizerWT3PandWT3P1
Stabilizer WT3P and WT3P1 Pitch Control Model for Type 3 Wind Generator
Theta MAX

Theta M AX
RTheta MAX
+ +

K K PP + IP s

-RTheta MAX

1 sTP

Pitch

ref

T heta M IN

T heta M IN

PORD

Pset

K PC +

K IC s

States
1 - Pitch 2 - PitchControl 3 - PitchComp WT3P supported by PSLF TP =TPI , Theta MAX =PI MAX , Theta MIN =PI MIN , and RTheta MAX = PIRATE WT3P1 supported by PSSE with no non-windup limits on pitch control