M 104 - GENERAL MATHEMATICS -2-

Dr. Tariq A. AlFadhel

Solution of the Mid-Term Exam
First Term 1444 H

Q.1 Find the elements of the conic section of equation

4y 2 = −9x2 + 18x + 27, then sketch it. [4]

Solution :

4y 2 = −9x2 + 18x + 27
9x2 − 18x + 4y 2 = 27

9(x2 − 2x) + 4y 2 = 27
By completing the square.

9(x2 − 2x + 1) + 4y 2 = 27 + 9
9(x − 1)2 + 4y 2 = 36
9(x − 1)2 4y 2 36
+ =
36 36 36
(x − 1)2 y2
+ =1
4 9
The conic section is an ellipse.
The center is P (1, 0)

a2 = 4 =⇒ a = 2
b2 = 9 =⇒ b = 3
√
c2 = b2 − a2 = 9 − 4 = 5 =⇒ c = 5
The vertices are V1 (1, 3) and V2 (1, −3)
( √ ) ( √ )
The foci are F1 1, 5 and F2 1, − 5

The end-points of the minor axis are W1 (−1, 0) and W2 (3, 0)

1
 (x - 1)2 y2
+ =1
4 9
V1
3

F1

W1 P W2
-1 1 3

F2
- 5

-3

V2

Q.2 Find the standard equation of the parabola with vertex (2, 3) and Focus
(2, 1), then sketch it. [4]
Solution :
The parabola opens downwards.
The standard equation of the parabola is (x − 2)2 = −4a(y − 3).
a is the distance between V (2, 3) and F (2, 1), hence a = 2.
The standard equation of the parabola is (x − 2)2 = −8(y − 3).
The equation of the directrix is y = 5.

(x-2)2 = -8 (y-3)

y=5
5

3
V

1
F

2
Q.3 Calculate, whenever it is possible, A + BT and AB for matrices
   
1 1 2 1 0 0
A = 0 2 1 , B = −1 1 0 . [4]
0 0 2 1 1 −2
Solution :
     
1 1 2 1 −1 1 2 0 3
A + BT = 0 2 1 + 0 1 1  = 0 3 2 
0 0 2 0 0 −2 0 0 0
  
1 1 2 1 0 0
AB = 0 2 1 −1 1 0 
0 0 2 1 1 −2
   
1−1+2 0+1+2 0+0−4 2 3 −4
= 0 − 2 + 1 0 + 2 + 1 0 + 0 − 2 = −1 3 −2
0+0+2 0+0+2 0+0−4 2 2 −4

Q.4 Consider the system of the linear equations:


2x − 2y + z = 2
x − y + z = 2

2x + 2y − z = 2

(a) Solve this system using Cramer’s rule. [4]

(b) Solve this system using Gauss-Jordan elimination method. [4]

Solution :
(a) Using Cramer’s rule :
 
2 −2 1
A = 1 −1 1 
2 2 −1

2 −2 1 2 −2
1 −1 1 1 −1
2 2 −1 2 2

|A| = (2 − 4 + 2) − (−2 + 4 + 2) = 0 − 4 = −4 ̸= 0
 
2 −2 1
Ax = 2 −1 1 
2 2 −1

2 −2 1 2 −2
2 −1 1 2 −1
2 2 −1 2 2

3
|Ax | = (2 − 4 + 4) − (−2 + 4 + 4) = 2 − 6 = −4
|Ax | −4
x= = =1
|A| −4
 
2 2 1
Ay = 1 2 1 
2 2 −1

2 2 1 2 2
1 2 1 1 2
2 2 −1 2 2

|Ay | = (−4 + 4 + 2) − (4 + 4 − 2) = 2 − 6 = −4
|Ay | −4
y= = =1
|A| −4
 
2 −2 2
Az = 1 −1 2
2 2 2

2 −2 2 2 −2
1 −1 2 1 −1
2 2 2 2 2

|Az | = (−4 − 8 + 4) − (−4 + 8 − 4) = −8 − 0 = −8

|Az | −8
z= = =2
|A| −4
(b) Using Gauss-Jordan elimination method: The augmented matrix is
   
2 −2 1 2 1 −1 1 2
 1 −1 1 2  −R−1−←→R −−−→
2
 2 −2 1 2 
2 2 −1 2 2 2 −1 2

   
1 −1 1 2 1 −1 1 2
−2R1 +R2 R2 ←→R3
−−−−−−→  0 0 −1 −2  −−−−−−→  2 2 −1 2 
2 2 −1 2 0 0 −1 −2
   
1 −1 1 2 1 −1 1 2
−2R +R2 −R3
−−−−1−−→  0 4 −3 −2  −−− −−−→  0 4 −3 −2 
0 0 −1 −2 0 0 1 2
   
1 −1 1 2 1 −1 0 0
−R3 +R1
−−→  0 4 0 4  −−→  0 4 0 4 
3R3 +R2
−−−− −−−−
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2
   
1 1 −1 0 0 1 0 0 1
4 R2
−−−→  0 1 0 1  −−−2−−−1→  0 1 0 1 
R +R
−−−
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2

4
    
x 1
The solution is y  = 1
z 2

Q.5 Evaluate the integrals:

∫ ( )
2
(a) 4x3 − 3 + ex dx [2]
x
∫
( )4
(b) 20x3 x4 + 2 dx [2]
∫
(c) sec2 x ln | sin x| dx [3]
∫
x+1
(d) dx [3]
(x − 2)(x − 1)
Solution :
∫ ( ) ∫ ∫ ∫
2 2
(a) 4x3 − 3 + ex dx = 4x3 dx − dx + ex dx
x x3
∫ ∫ ∫ ( −2 )
−3 x
= 4x dx − 2 x dx + e dx = x − 2
3 x 4
+ ex + c
−2

= x4 + x−2 + ex + c

∫ ∫
3
( 4
)4 ( )4
(b) 20x x +2 dx = 5 x4 + 2 (4x3 ) dx
[( )5 ]
x4 + 2 ( )5
=5 + c = x4 + 2 + c
5
∫ n+1
[f (x)]
f ′ (x) dx =
n
Using the formula [f (x)] + c, where n ̸= 1
n+1

∫
(c) sec2 x ln | sin x| dx

Using integration by parts:

u = ln | sin x| dv = sec2 x dx
cos x
du = dx = cot x dx v = tan x
sin x
∫ ∫
sec x ln | sin x| dx = tan x ln | sin x| − tan x cot x dx
2

∫
= tan x ln | sin x| − 1 dx = tan x ln | sin x| − x + c

5
 ∫
x+1
(d) dx
(x − 2)(x − 1)
Using the method of partial fractions :
x+1 A1 A2
= +
(x − 2)(x − 1) x−2 x−1
x+1 A1 (x − 1) + A2 (x − 2)
=
(x − 2)(x − 1) (x − 2)(x − 1)
x + 1 = A1 (x − 1) + A2 (x − 2)

Put x = 2 then 2 + 1 = A1 (2 − 1) + A2 (2 − 2) =⇒ A1 = 3

Put x = 1 then 1+1 = A1 (1−1)+A2 (1−2) =⇒ 2 = −A2 =⇒ A2 = −2

∫ ∫ ( )
x+1 3 −2
dx = + dx
(x − 2)(x − 1) x−2 x−1
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
3 −2 1 1
= dx + dx = 3 dx − 2 dx
x−2 x−1 x−2 x−1
= 3 ln |x − 2| − 2 ln |x − 1| + c

6
 M 104 - GENERAL MATHEMATICS -2-
Dr. Tariq A. AlFadhel
Solution of the Final Exam
First Term 1444 H

 
( ) 1 −1
1 0
Q.1 (a) Let A = and B = 0 1 . Compute (if possible) AB and
1 1
1 0
BA. [3]
1 1 −1
(b) Compute the determinant 0 −2 −5 . [2]
1 2 1
(c) Solve by using Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method the linear system


x + y − z = −3
− 2y + 5z = 1 [4]

x + 2y + z = 1
Solution :
(a) AB can not be computed.
 
1 −1 ( )
1 0
BA = 0 1 
1 1
1 0
   
1−1 0−1 0 −1
= 0 + 1 0 + 1 = 1 1 
1+0 0+0 1 0

(b) Using Sarrus Method

1 1 −1 1 1
0 −2 −5 0 −2
1 2 1 1 2

1 1 −1
0 −2 −5 = (−2 − 5 + 0) − (2 − 10 + 0) = −7 − (−8) = −7 + 8 = 1
1 2 1

(c) UsingGauss-Jordan Elimination Method :

   
1 1 −1 −3 1 1 −1 −3
−R1 +R3
 0 −2 5 1  −−−− −−→  0 −2 5 1 
1 2 1 1 0 1 2 4
   
1 1 −1 −3 1 1 −1 −3
R ←→R3
−−2−−−−→  0 1 2 4  −−−− −−→  0 1 2
2R2 +R3
4 
0 −2 5 1 0 0 9 9

7
    
1 1 1 −1 −3 1 1 −1 −3
9 R3 −2R +R2
−−−−−−→  0 1 2 4  −−−−3−−→  0 1 0 2 
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
   
1 1 0 −2 1 0 0 −4
−R2 +R1
−−−3−−−1→  0 1 0 2  −−−− −−→  0 1 0 2 
R +R

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
   
x −4
The solution is y  =  2 
z 1

Q.2 (a) Find the standard equation of the ellipse with end points of minor
axis are (1, 4) and (1, −2), and the distance between its foci is 8, and then
sketch its graph. [4]
(b) Find the elements of the conic section y = 4x − x2 and then sketch it.
[3]
Solution :
(a) The end points of minor axis are located on a line parallel to the y-axis.
(x − h)2 (y − k)2
The standard equation of the ellipse is 2
+ = 1 , where
a b2
a>b.
( )
1 + 1 4 + (−2)
P (h, k) = , = (1, 1) , hence h = 1 and k = 1
2 2
2b is the distance between the end points of minor axis,
hence 2b = 6 =⇒ b = 3
2c is the distance between its two foci , hence 2c = 8 =⇒ c = 4
c2 = a2 − b2 =⇒ 16 = a2 − 9 =⇒ a2 = 16 + 9 = 25 =⇒ a = 5
(x − 1)2 (y − 1)2
The standard equation of the ellipse is + =1
25 9
The vertices are V1 (−4, 1) and V2 (6, 1) .
The foci are F1 (−3, 1) and F2 (5, 1) .

(x - 1)2 (y - 1)2
W1 + =1
4
25 9

V1 F1 1 P F2 V2

-4 -3 1 5 6

-2

W2

8
(b) y = 4x − x2
y = −x2 + 4x
y = −(x2 − 4x)
By completing the square
y = −(x2 − 4x + 4) + 4
(y − 4) = −(x − 2)2
The conic section is a parabola opens downwards.
The vertex is V (2, 4) .
1
−4a = −1 =⇒ a = .
4
( ) ( )
1 15
The Focus is V 2, 4 − = 2,
4 4
1 17
The equation of the directrix is : y = 4 + =
4 4
(y-4)=-(x-2)2

17
D:y=
17 4
4

4
V
15
4

Q.3 (a) Compute the integrals : [2,3,3]

∫ ∫ ∫
2 3 2 3x
(i) 8x(x + 24) dx (ii) (ln x) dx (iii) dx
x2 − 2x − 8
(b) Sketch the region bounded by the curves y = x2 , y = 2x + 3 , x = 1
and x = 2 and compute its area. [3]
(c) The region bounded by the curves curves y = 4x − x2 and y = x is
rotated about the y-axis to form a solid S . Use the method of cylindrical
shells to find the volume of S. [4]
(d) Give the Cartesian coordinates of the points in polar coordinates :

9
 (√ π )
M 2, and N (2, π) [2]
4
Solution :
∫ ∫
(a) (i) 8x(x2 + 24)3 dx = 4 (x2 + 24)3 (2x) dx

(x2 + 24)4
=4 + c = (x2 + 24)4 + c
4

∫
2
(ii) (ln x) dx

Using integration by parts

2
u = (ln x) ( ) dv = dx
1
du = 2 ln x dx v=x
x
∫ ∫ ( ) ∫
2 2 1 2
(ln x) dx = x (ln x) − 2 ln x x dx = x (ln x) − 2 ln x dx
x
Using integration by parts again
u = ln x dv = dx
1
du = dx v=x
x
∫ ( ∫ )
2 2 1
(ln x) dx = x (ln x) − 2 x ln x − x dx
x
∫
2 2
= x (ln x) − 2x ln x + 2 dx = x (ln x) − 2x ln x + 2x + c

∫
3x
(iii) dx
x2 − 2x − 8
Using the method of partial fractions
3x 3x A1 A2
= = +
x2 − 2x − 8 (x + 2)(x − 4) x+2 x−4
3x = A1 (x − 4) + A2 (x + 2)

Put x = −2 : then −6 = −6A1 =⇒ A1 = 1

Put x = 4 : then 12 = 6A2 =⇒ A2 = 2
∫ ∫ ( )
3x 1 2
dx = + dx
x2 − 2x − 8 x+2 x−4
∫ ∫
1 1
= dx + 2 dx = ln |x + 2| + 2 ln |x − 4| + c
x+2 x−4

10
(b)

y = x2 is a parabola opens upwards with vertex

9
(0, 0).
x=1
y = 2x + 3 is a straight line passing through (0, 3)
and with slope 2 .
y=x2
x = 1 is a straight line parallel to the y-axis and
passing through (1, 0).
x = 2 is a straight line parallel to the y-axis and
passing through (2, 0).
3
y=2x+3

Points of intersection of y = x2 and y = 2x + 3

x2 = 2x + 3 =⇒ x2 − 2x − 3 = 0 1 x=2

=⇒ (x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 =⇒ x = −1 , x = 3 -1 1 2 3

∫ ∫ [ 3 ]2
2 [ ( 2] ) 2
x
Area = (2x + 3) − x2 dx =
−x + 2x + 3 dx = − + x2 + 3x
1 1 3 1
( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( ) ( )
2 1 8 1
= − + 22 + 3(2) − − + 12 + 3(1) = − + 4 + 6 − − + 1 + 3
3 3 3 3
( )
8 1 8 1 7 18 − 7 11
= − + 10 − − + 4 = 10 − 4 − + = 6 − = =
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

(c)

y=4x-x2
4

y=x

2 3

y = 4x−x2 = −x2 +4x = −(x2 −4x) = −(x2 −4x+4)+4 = −(x−2)2 +4.

y = 4x − x2 is a parabola opens downwards with vertex (2, 4).

11
 y = x is a straight line passing through (0, 0) and with slope 1.

Points of intersection of y = 4x − x2 and y = x

x = 4x − x2 =⇒ x2 − 3x = 0 =⇒ x(x − 3) = 0 =⇒ x = 0 , x = 3 .

Using Cylindrical Shells method :

∫ 3 ∫
[ ] 3 ( )
Volume = 2π x (4x − x2 ) − x dx = 2π x 3x − x2 dx
0 0
∫ 3( [ ]3
) x4
= 2π 3x − x dx = 2π x −
2 3 3
0 4 0
[( ) ( )] ( )
34 04 81 27π
= 2π 33 − − 03 − = 2π 27 − =
4 4 4 2

(√ π ) √ π
(d) M 2, : r = 2 and θ =
4 4
√ (π ) √ 1
x = r cos θ = 2 cos = 2 √ =1
4 2
√ ( π ) √ 1
y = r sin θ = 2 sin = 2 √ =1
4 2
The Cartesian coordinates of M is (1, 1) .

N (2, π) : r = 2 and θ = π

x = r cos θ = 2 cos(π) = 2(−1) = −2

y = r cos θ = 2 sin(π) = 2(0) = 0

The Cartesian coordinates of N is (2, 0) .

t
Q.4 (a) Let z = xy 2 + sin(xy), where x = s2 t and y = . Use the chain rule
s
∂z ∂z
to compute the partial derivatives and . [3]
∂s ∂t
(b) Solve the differential equation : xy ′ + y = 3x2 + 1 . [4]

Solution :
∂z
(a) = y 2 (1) + cos(xy) y = y 2 + y cos(xy)
∂x
∂z
= x(2y) + cos(xy) x = 2xy + x cos(xy)
∂y
∂x ∂y −t
= t(2s) = 2st , = t(−s−2 ) = 2
∂s ∂s s

12
 ∂x ∂y 1 1
= s2 (1) = s2 , = (1) =
∂t ∂t s s

∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= +
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s
( )
[ ] −t
= y 2 + y cos(xy) (2st) + [2xy + x cos(xy)]
s2
[ ] ( )
t2 t 2
[ 2 2 2
] −t
= + cos(st ) (2st) + 2st + s t cos(st )
s2 s s2

∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= +
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t
( )
[ ] 1
= y 2 + y cos(xy) (s2 ) + [2xy + x cos(xy)]
s
[ 2 ] ( )
t t [ ] 1
= 2 + cos(st2 ) s2 + 2st2 + s2 t cos(st2 )
s s s

(b) xy ′ + y = 3x2 + 1
( )
′ 1 1
y + y = 3x +
x x
It is a First-order differential equation .
1 1
P (x) = and Q(x) = 3x +
x x
The integrating factor is :
∫ ∫
= eln |x| = x.
1
P (x) dx dx
u(x) = e =e x

The general solution of the differential equation is :

∫ ∫ ( ) ∫
1 1 1 1 ( 2 )
y= u(x)Q(x) dx = x 3x + dx = 3x + 1 dx
u(x) x x x
1 ( 3 ) c
= x + x + c = x2 + 1 +
x x

13
 M 104 - GENERAL MATHEMATICS -2-
Dr. Tariq A. AlFadhel
Solution of the Mid-Term Exam
Second Term 1444 H

Q.1 Find the elements of the conic section of equation

y 2 − 4y − 8x − 12 = 0, then sketch it. [4]
Solution :
y 2 − 4y − 8x − 12 = 0
y 2 − 4y = 8x + 12
By completing the square.
y 2 − 4y + 4 = 8x + 12 + 4
(y − 2)2 = 8x + 16
(y − 2)2 = 8(x + 2)
The conic section is a parabola opens to the right.
The vertex is V (−2, 2)
8
4a = 8 =⇒ a = =2
4
The focus is F (0, 2)
The directrix is : x = −2 − 2 = −4

y2 - 4y - 8x - 12 = 0

V 2 F

-4 -2

x = -4

14
Q.2 Find the standard equation of the ellipse with foci at (1, 5) , (1, −3) and
vertex (1, 6) , then sketch it. [4]
Solution :
Note that the two foci lies on a line parallel to the y − axis .
(x − h)2 (y − k)2
The standard equation of the ellipse is 2
+ = 1 , where
a b2
b>a.
( )
5 + (−3) 1 + 1
The center is P (h, k) = , = (1, 1)
2 2
c is the distance between F1 (1, 5) and P (1, 1), hence c = 4.
b is the distance between V1 (1, 6) and P (1, 1), hence b = 5.
c2 = b2 − a2 =⇒ 16 = 25 − a2 =⇒ a2 = 25 − 16 = 9 =⇒ a = 3
(x − 1)2 (y − 1)2
The standard equation of the ellipse is + =1
9 25
The other vertex V2 (1, −4) .
The end-points of the minor axis are W1 (−2, 1) and W2 (4, 1)

(x - 1)2 (y - 1)2
+ =1
V1 9 25
6

F1

P
W1 1 W2

-2 1 4

F2
-3

-4
V2

15
Q.3 Calculate, whenever it is possible, AB and 2A + BT for matrices
 
( ) 1 0
1 0 1
A= , B = 0 2. [4]
−1 1 1
1 1
Solution :
 
( ) 1 0
1 0 1 
AB = . 0 2
−1 1 1
1 1
( ) ( )
1+0+1 0+0+1 2 1
= =
−1 + 0 + 1 0 + 2 + 1 0 3
( ) ( )
T 1 0 1 1 0 1
2A + B = 2 +
−1 1 1 0 2 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 0 2 1 0 1 2+1 0+0 2+1 3 0 3
= + = =
−2 2 2 0 2 1 −2 + 0 2 + 2 2 + 1 −2 4 3

Q.4 Consider the system of the linear equations:


x − y + z = 5
2x + y + 5z = 1

2y + 3z = −6

(a) Solve this system using Cramer’s rule. [4]

(b) Solve this system using Gauss elimination method. [4]
Solution :
(a) Using Cramer’s rule :
 
1 −1 1
A = 2 1 5
0 2 3

1 −1 1 1 −1
2 1 5 2 1
0 2 3 0 2

|A| = (3 + 0 + 4) − (0 + 10 − 6) = 7 − 4 = 3 ̸= 0
 
5 −1 1
Ax =  1 1 5
−6 2 3

5 −1 1 5 −1
1 1 5 1 1
−6 2 3 −6 2

16
|Ax | = (15 + 32) − (−6 + 50 − 3) = 47 − 41 = 6
|Ax | 6
x= = =2
|A| 3
 
1 5 1
Ay = 2 1 5
0 −6 3

1 5 1 1 5
2 1 5 2 1
0 −6 3 0 −6

|Ay | = (3 + 0 − 12) − (0 − 30 + 30) = −9 − 0 = −9

|Ay | −9
y= = = −3
|A| 3
 
1 −1 5
Az = 2 1 1
0 2 −6

1 −1 5 1 −1
2 1 1 2 1
0 2 −6 0 2

|Az | = (−6 + 0 + 20) − (0 + 2 + 12) = 14 − 14 = 0

|Az | 0
z= = =0
|A| 3
(b) Using Gauss elimination method: The augmented matrix is
   
1 −1 1 5 1 −1 1 5
−2R +R2
 2 1 5 1  −−−−1−−→  0 3 3 −9 
0 2 3 −6 0 2 3 −6

   
1 1 −1 1 5 1 −1 1 5
R2 −2R2 +R3
−−−−−−→  0 1 1
3
−3  −−−−−−→  0 1 1 −3 
0 2 3 −6 0 0 1 0
z=0

y + z = −3 =⇒ y + 0 = −3 =⇒ y = −3
x − y + z = 5 =⇒ x − (−3) + 0 = 5 =⇒ x + 3 = 5 =⇒ x = 2
   
x 2
The solution is y  = −3
z 0

17
Q.5 Evaluate the integrals:
∫ ( )
3
(a) 2e + − 4 sin x dx [2]
x
x
∫
(b) 6 cos x (sin x)5 dx [2]
∫
9x2
(c) dx [3]
(x3 + 1)4
∫
(d) (3x2 + 2x + 1) ln |x| dx [3]

Solution :
∫ ( ) ∫ ∫ ∫
3 3
(a) 2e + − 4 sin x dx = 2e dx +
x x
dx − 4 sin x dx
x x
∫ ∫ ∫
1
x
= 2 e dx + 3 dx − 4 sin x dx = 2ex + 3 ln |x| − 4(− cos x) + c
x
= 2ex + 3 ln |x| + 4 cos x + c

∫ ∫
5
(b) 6 cos x (sin x) dx = 6 (sin x)5 cos x dx

(sin x)6
=6 + c = (sin x)6 + c
6
∫ n+1
[f (x)]
Using the formula [f (x)] f ′ (x) dx =
n
+ c, where n ̸= 1
n+1

∫ ∫
9x2
(c) dx = 3 (x3 + 1)−4 (3x2 ) dx
(x3 + 1)4
(x3 + 1)−3
=3 + c = −(x3 + 1)−3 + c
−3
∫ n+1
[f (x)]
Using the formula [f (x)] f ′ (x) dx =
n
+ c, where n ̸= 1
n+1

∫
(d) (3x2 + 2x + 1) ln |x| dx

Using integration by parts:

u = ln |x| dv = (3x2 + 2x + 1) dx
1
du = dx v = x3 + x2 + x
x
∫ ∫
1
(3x2 + 2x + 1) ln |x| dx = (x3 + x2 + x) ln |x| − (x3 + x2 + x) dx
x

18
 ∫
x3 + x2 + x
= (x + x + x) ln |x| −
3 2
dx
x
∫ ( 3 )
x x2 x
= (x + x + x) ln |x| −
3 2
+ + dx
x x x
∫
( 2 )
= (x + x + x) ln |x| −
3 2
x + x + 1 dx
( )
x3 x2
= (x + x + x) ln |x| −
3 2
+ +x +c
3 2
x3 x2
= (x3 + x2 + x) ln |x| − − −x+c
3 2

19
 M 104 - GENERAL MATHEMATICS -2-
Dr. Tariq A. AlFadhel
Solution of the Final Exam
Second Term 1444 H

 
( ) 1 1
1 2 0
Q.1 (a) Let A = and B = −1 1. Compute (if possible)
−1 −1 1
1 0
AB and 2A + BT . [3]
2 3 4
(b) Compute the determinant 1 2 3 . [2]
−1 0 2
(c) Solve by using Gauss Elimination Method the linear system


2x + y + 2z = 4
x − 2y + 3z = 4 [4]

2x + y + 3z = 5

Solution :
 
( ) 1 1
1 2 0 
(a) AB = −1 1
−1 −1 1
1 0
( ) ( )
1−2+0 1+2+0 −1 3
= =
−1 + 1 + 1 −1 − 1 + 0 1 −2
( ) ( )
2 4 0 1 −1 1
2A + BT = +
−2 −2 2 1 1 0
( ) ( )
2+1 4−1 0+1 3 3 1
= =
−2 + 1 −2 + 1 2 + 0 −1 −1 2

(b) Using Sarrus Method

2 3 4 2 3
1 2 3 1 2
−1 0 2 −1 0

2 3 4
1 2 3 = (8 − 9 + 0) − (−8 + 0 + 6) = −1 − (−2) = −1 + 2 = 1
−1 0 2

(c) Using Gauss Elimination Method :

   
2 1 2 4 1 −2 3 4
R1 ←→ R2
 1 −2 3 4  −− −−−−→  2 1 2 4 
2 1 3 5 2 1 3 5

20
    
1 −2 3 4 1 −2 3 4
−2R +R −2R +R
−−−−1−−→
2
 0 5 −4 −4  −−−−1−−→
3
 0 5 −4 −4 
2 1 3 5 0 5 −3 −3
 
1 −2 3 4
−R +R
−−−−
2
−−→
3
 0 5 −4 −4 
0 0 1 1
z=1

5y − 4z = −4 =⇒ 5y − 4 = −4 =⇒ 5y = 0 =⇒ y = 0
x − 2y + 3z = 4 =⇒ x − 2(0) + 3(1) = 4 =⇒ x + 3 = 4 =⇒ x = 1
   
x 1
The solution is y  = 0
z 1

Q.2 (a) Find the standard equation of the hyperbola with foci (−1, 1) and
(9, 1), and the distance between the two vertices is 8, and then sketch its
graph. [4]
(b) Find the elements of the conic section y 2 − 6y + 4x + 17 = 0 and then
sketch it. [3]
Solution :

(a) The two foci are located on a line parallel to the x-axis.
(x − h)2 (y − k)2
The standard equation of the hyperbola is 2
− =1.
a b2
( )
−1 + 9 1 + 1
P (h, k) = , = (4, 1) , hence h = 4 and k = 1
2 2
2c is the distance between its two foci , hence 2c = 10 =⇒ c = 5

2a is the distance between the two vertices, hence 2a = 8 =⇒ a = 4

c2 = a2 + b2 =⇒ 25 = 16 + b2 =⇒ b2 = 9 =⇒ b = 3
(x − 4)2 (y − 1)2
The standard equation of the hyperbola is − =1
16 9
The vertices are V1 (0, 1) and V2 (8, 1) .

The equations of the asymptotes are :

3 3
L1 : y − 1 = (x − 4) and L2 : y − 1 = − (x − 4) .
4 4

21
 L2 (x - 4)2 (y - 1)2 L1
- =1
16 9
4

P
F1 1 V1 V2 F2

-1 4 8 9

-2

(b) y 2 − 6y + 4x + 17 = 0
y 2 − 6y = −4x − 17

By completing the square

y 2 − 6y + 9 = −4x − 17 + 9

(y − 3)2 = −4x − 8

(y − 3)2 = −4(x + 2)
The conic section is a parabola opens to the left.

The vertex is V (−2, 3) .

−4a = −4 =⇒ a = 1.

The Focus is V (−2 − 1, 3) = (−3, 3)

The equation of the directrix is : x = −2 + 1 = −1
y2 - 6y + 4x + 17 = 0

F V 3

-3 -2 -1

D: x = -1

22
Q.3 (a) Compute the integrals : [2,2,4]
∫ ( ) ∫ ∫
1 1
x e(x −3) dx (iii)
2
(i) 3x + 2 cos x − 2 dx (ii)
2
2
dx
x x (x + 1)
(b) Sketch the region bounded by the curves y = x2 − 4 and y = 4 − x2
and compute its area. [3]
√
(c) The region bounded by the curves curves y = x , y = 0 and x = 4 is
rotated about the y-axis to form a solid S . Use the method of cylindrical
shells to find the volume of S. [4]

(d) Give the polar coordinates of the points in Cartesian coordinates :

( √ )
M −1, 3 and N (0, 2) [2]

Solution :
∫ ( ) ∫ ∫ ∫
1
(a) (i) 3x + 2 cos x − 2 dx = 3x dx + 2 cos x dx − x−2 dx
2 2
x
x−1 1
= x3 + 2 sin x − + c = x3 + 2 sin x + + c
−1 x

∫ ∫
(x2 −3) 1 2
−3) 1 (x2 −3)
(ii) xe dx = e(x (2x) dx = e +c
2 2

∫
1
(iii) dx
x2 (x + 1)
Using the method of partial fractions
1 A1 A2 A3
= + 2 +
x2 (x + 1) x x x+1
1 A1 x(x + 1) A2 (x + 1) A3 x2
= + +
x2 (x + 1) x2 (x + 1) x2 (x + 1) x2 (x + 1)
1 = A1 x(x + 1) + A2 (x + 1) + A3 x2
1 = A1 x2 + A1 x + A2 x + A2 + A3 x2

1 = (A1 + A3 ) x2 + (A1 + A2 ) x + A2 + A2
A1 + A3 = 0 −→ (1)
A1 + A2 = 0 −→ (2)
A2 = 1 −→ (3)

From equation (2) : A1 + 1 = 0 =⇒ A1 = −1

From equation (1) : −1 + A3 = 0 =⇒ A3 = 1

23
 ∫ ∫ ( )
1 −1 1 1
dx = + 2+ dx
x2 (x + 1) x x x+1
∫ ∫ ∫
1 −2 1
=− dx + x dx + dx
x x+1
x−1 1
= − ln |x| − + ln |x + 1| + c = − ln |x| + + ln |x + 1| + c
−1 x
(b) y = x2 − 4 is a parabola opens upwards with vertex (0, −4).

y = 4 − x2 is a parabola opens downwards with vertex (0, 4).

4 y=4-x2

-2 2

-4 y=x2-4

Points of intersection of y = x2 − 4 and y = 4 − x2

x2 − 4 = 4 − x2 =⇒ 2x2 − 8 = 0 =⇒ x2 − 4 = 0

=⇒ (x − 2)(x + 2) = 0 =⇒ x = −2 , x = 2
∫ 2 ∫ 2 [ ]2
[ ] ( ) x3
Area = (4 − x2 ) − (x2 − 4) dx = 8 − 2x2 dx = 8x − 2
−2 −2 3 −2
[ ] [ ] ( )
(2)3 (−2)3 16 16
= 8(2) − 2 − 8(−2) − 2 = 16 − − −16 +
3 3 3 3
32 64
= 32 − =
3 3

√
(c) y = x is the upper half of a parabola opens to the right and with vertex
(0, 0).
y = 0 is the x-axis.

24
 x = 4 is a straight line parallel to the y-axis and passing through (4, 0).

y= x

x=4

Using Cylindrical Shells method :

∫ 4 ∫ 4 [ ]4
√ 3 2 5
Volume = 2π x x dx = 2π x 2 dx = 2π x2
0 0 5 0
[ ] ( )
2 5 2 5 2 128π
= 2π (4) 2 − (0) 2 = 2π (32) =
5 5 5 5

( √ ) √
(d) M −1, 3 : x = −1 and y = 3
√ (√ )2 √
√ √
r= x2 + y2 = (−1)2 + 3 = 1+3= 4=2
√
x −1 y 3
cos θ = = and sin θ = =
r 2 r 2
2π
So, θ = . (Note that this point is located in the second quadrant).
3
( )
2π
The polar coordinates of M is (r, θ) = 2, .
3

N (0, 2) : x = 0 and y = 2
√ √ √ √
r = x2 + y 2 = (0)2 + (2)2 = 0 + 4 = 4 = 2
x 0 y 2
cos θ = = = 0 and sin θ = = = 1
r 2 r 2
π
So, θ = . (Note that this point is located on the y-axis).
2
( π)
The polar coordinates of M is (r, θ) = 2, .
2

Q.4 (a) We define z(x, y) implicitly by the equation x2 y + z 2 + sin(xyz) = 0.

∂z ∂z
Compute the partial derivatives and . [3]
∂x ∂y

25
 4 ′ 1
(b) Solve the differential equation : y − 3 ex = 0 . [4]
x y
Solution :

(a) Let F (x, y, z) = x2 y + z 2 + sin(xyz) , then F (x, y, z) = 0 .

∂F
Fx = = y(2x) + 0 + cos(xyz) yz(1) = 2xy + yz cos(xyz)
∂x
∂F
Fy = = x2 (1) + 0 + cos(xyz) xz(1) = x2 + xz cos(xyz)
∂y
∂F
Fz = = 0 + 2z + cos(xyz) xy(1) = 2z + xy cos(xyz)
∂z

∂z Fx 2xy + yz cos(xyz)
=− =−
∂x Fz 2z + xy cos(xyz)
∂z Fy x2 + xz cos(xyz)
=− =−
∂y Fz 2z + xy cos(xyz)

4 ′ 1
(b) y − 3 ex = 0
x y
4 dy 1
− ex = 0
x dx y 3
4 dy 1
= 3 ex
x dx y
4y 3 dy = xex dx

It is a Separable differential equation .

∫ ∫
4y dy = xex dx
3

y 4 = xex − ex + c
√
y = 4 |xex − ex + c|

26
 M 104 - GENERAL MATHEMATICS -2-
Dr. Tariq A. AlFadhel
Solution of the Mid-Term Exam
Third Term 1444 H

Q.1 Find the elements of the conic section of equation

16x2 − y 2 − 32x + 4y + 28 = 0, then sketch it. [4]

Solution :
16x2-y2-16x+4y+28=0

16x2 − y 2 − 32x + 4y + 28 = 0
16x2 − 32x − y 2 + 4y = −28
16(x2 − 2x) − (y 2 − 4y) = −28 L2 L1

By completing the square. F1

2+ 17

16(x2 − 2x + 1) − (y 2 − 4y + 4) = −28 + 16 − 4
6

V1

16(x − 1) − (y − 2) = −16
2 2

16(x − 1)2 (y − 2)2 −16

− =
−16 −16 −16
(x − 1)2
(y − 2) 2
− + =1
1 16
(y − 2)2 (x − 1)2
− =1
42 12

The conic section is a hyperbola. 2 P

The center is P (1, 2)

b2 = 16 =⇒ b = 4 , and a2 = 1 =⇒ a = 1
√
1

c2 = a2 + b2 = 1 + 16 = 17 =⇒ c = 17

The vertices are : V1 (1, 6) and V2 (1, −2)

V2

√ √
-2
2- 17

F2
The foci are : F1 (1, 2+ 17) and F2 (1, 2− 17)

The equations of the asymptotes are :

L1 : y−2 = 4(x−1) and L2 : y−2 = −4(x−1)

27
Q.2 Find the standard equation of the ellipse with vertices at (−5, 1) , (5, 1)
and focus at (−4, 1) , then sketch it. [4]
Solution :
Note that the two vertices lies on a line parallel to the x − axis .
(x − h)2 (y − k)2
The standard equation of the ellipse is + = 1 , where
a2 b2
a>b.
( )
5 + (−5) 1 + 1
The center is P (h, k) = , = (0, 1)
2 2
a is the distance between V1 (−5, 1) and P (0, 1), hence a = 5.
c is the distance between F1 (−4, 1) and P (0, 1), hence c = 4.
c2 = a2 − b2 =⇒ 16 = 25 − b2 =⇒ b2 = 25 − 16 = 9 =⇒ b = 3
x2 (y − 1)2
The standard equation of the ellipse is + =1
25 9
The other focus is F2 (4, 1) .
The end-points of the minor axis are W1 (0, 4) and W2 (0, −2)

x2 (y - 1)2
W1 + =1
4
25 9

V1 F1 1 P F2 V2

-5 -4 4 5

-2

W2

Q.3 Calculate, whenever it is possible, A + 2B and AB , for matrices

   
1 2 −1 1 0 2
A = 0 −1 1  , B = 3 1 0. [4]
3 1 2 0 1 2
Solution :
   
1 2 −1 2 0 4
A + 2B = 0 −1 1  + 6 2 0
3 1 2 0 2 4
   
1 + 2 2 + 0 −1 + 4 3 2 3
= 0 + 6 −1 + 2 1 + 0  = 6 1 1
3+0 1+2 2+4 3 3 6

28
    
1 2 −1 1 0 2
AB = 0 −1 1  . 3 1 0
3 1 2 0 1 2
   
1+6+0 0+2−1 2+0−2 7 1 0
= 0 − 3 + 0 0 − 1 + 1 0 + 0 + 2 = −3 0 2 
3+3+0 0+1+2 6+0+4 6 3 10

Q.4 Consider the system of the linear equations:


x − y + 2z = −1
−x + 2y + z = 6

2x + y + z = 1

(a) Solve this system using Cramer’s rule. [4]

(b) Solve this system using Gauss elimination method. [4]

Solution :
(a) Using Cramer’s rule :
 
1 −1 2
A = −1 2 1
2 1 1

1 −1 2 1 −1
−1 2 1 −1 2
2 1 1 2 1

|A| = (2 − 2 − 2) − (8 + 1 + 1) = −2 − 10 = −12 ̸= 0
 
−1 −1 2
Ax =  6 2 1
1 1 1

−1 −1 2 −1 −1
6 2 1 6 2
1 1 1 1 1

|Ax | = (−2 − 1 + 12) − (4 − 1 − 6) = 9 − (−3) = 9 + 3 = 12

|Ax | 12
x= = = −1
|A| −12
 
1 −1 2
Ay = −1 6 1
2 1 1

1 −1 2 1 −1
−1 6 1 −1 6
2 1 1 2 1

29
 |Ay | = (6 − 2 − 2) − (24 + 1 + 1) = 2 − 26 = −24
|Ay | −24
y= = =2
|A| −12
 
1 −1 −1
Az = −1 2 6
2 1 1

1 −1 −1 1 −1
−1 2 6 −1 2
2 1 1 2 1

|Az | = (2 − 12 + 1) − (−4 + 6 + 1) = −9 − 3 = −12

|Az | −12
z= = =1
|A| −12
(b) Using Gauss elimination method: The augmented matrix is
   
1 −1 2 −1 1 −1 2 −1
 −1 2 1 6  −−−1−−−2→  0
R +R
1 3 5 
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

   
1 −1 2 −1 1 −1 2 −1
−2R1 +R3 −3R2 +R3
−−−−−−→  0 1 3 5  −−−−−−→  0 1 3 5 
0 3 −3 3 0 0 −12 −12
−12
−12z = −12 =⇒ z = =1
−12
y + 3z = 5 =⇒ y + 3 = 5 =⇒ y = 5 − 3 = 2
x − y + 2z = −1 =⇒ x − 2 + 2 = −1 =⇒ x = −1
   
x −1
The solution is y  =  2 
z 1

Q.5 Evaluate the integrals:

∫ ( )
4 √
(a) − 3 x + 3ex dx [2]
x
∫
(b) 6x cos(x2 + 1) dx [2]
∫
(c) 16x3 ln |x| dx [3]
∫
4
(d) dx [3]
(x − 1)(x + 3)
Solution :

30
 ∫ ( ) ∫ ∫ ∫
4 √ 4 √
(a) − 3 x + 3e x
dx = dx − 3 x dx + 3ex dx
x x
∫ ∫ ∫ 3
1 1 x2
=4 dx − 3 x 2 dx + 3 ex dx = 4 ln |x| − 3 3 + 3ex + c
x 2
3
= 4 ln |x| − 2x 2 + 3ex + c

∫ ∫
2
(b) 6x cos(x + 1) dx = 3 cos(x2 + 1) (2x) dx = 3 sin(x2 + 1) + c
∫
Using the formula cos (f (x)) f ′ (x) dx = sin (f (x)) + c.

∫
(c) 16x3 ln |x| dx

Using integration by parts:

u = ln |x| dv = 16x3
( 4dx)
1 x
du = dx v = 16 = 4x4
x 4
∫ ∫
1
16x3 ln |x| dx = 4x4 ln |x| − 4x4 dx
x
∫
= 4x ln |x| − 4x3 dx = 4x4 ln |x| − x4 + c
4

∫
4
(d) dx
(x − 1)(x + 3)
Using the method of partial fractions :
4 A1 A2
= +
(x − 1)(x + 3) x−1 x+3
4 A1 (x + 3) + A2 (x − 1)
=
(x − 1)(x + 3) (x − 1)(x + 3)
4 = A1 (x + 3) + A2 (x − 1)
Put x = 1 then 4 = A1 (1 + 3) + A2 (1 − 1) =⇒ 4A1 = 4 =⇒ A1 = 1
Put x = −3 then 4 = A1 (−3 + 3) + A2 (−3 − 1) =⇒ 4 = −4A2
=⇒ A2 = −1
∫ ∫ ( )
4 1 −1
dx = + dx
(x − 1)(x + 3) x−1 x+3
∫ ∫
1 1
= dx − dx = ln |x − 1| − ln |x + 3| + c
x−1 x+3

31
 M 104 - GENERAL MATHEMATICS -2-
Dr. Tariq A. AlFadhel
Solution of the Final Exam
Third Term 1444 H

 
( ) 1 −1
1 −1 2
Q.1 (a) Let A = and B = 1 0 . Compute (if possible)
0 3 1
1 −2
BA and AT − 2B. [3]
0 1 2
(b) Compute the determinant 1 2 0 . [2]
2 0 1

(c) Solve by using Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method the linear system


 x + y − 3z = 6
x + 2y + z = 3 [4]

−2x + 3y + z = −2

Solution :
 
1 −1 ( )
  1 −1 2
(a) BA = 1 0
0 3 1
1 −2
   
1 + 0 −1 − 3 2 − 1 1 −4 1
= 1 + 0 −1 + 0 2 + 0 = 1 −1 2
1 + 0 −1 − 6 2 − 2 1 −7 0
   
1 0 2 −2
AT − 2B = −1 3 − 2 0 
2 1 2 −4
   
1−2 0+2 −1 2
= −1 − 2 3 − 0 = −3 3
2−2 1+4 0 5

(b) Using Sarrus Method

0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2
2 0 1 2 0

0 1 2
1 2 0 = (0 + 0 + 0) − (8 + 0 + 1) = 0 − 9 = −9
2 0 1

(c) Using Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method :

32
    
1 1 −3 6 −3 6
1 1
−R1 +R2
 1 2 1 3  −−−− −−→  0 1 4 −3 
−2 3 1 −2 −2 31 −2
   
1 1 −3 6 1 1 −3 6
−5R +R3
−−→  0 1 4 −3  −−−−2−−→  0 1 −3 
2R1 +R3
−−−− 4
0 5 −5 10 0 0 −25 25
   
−1 1 1 −3 6 1 1 −3 6
R −4R +R2
−−−→  0 1 4 −3  −−−−3−−→  0 1 0 1 
3
−−−
25

0 0 1 −1 0 0 1 −1
   
1 1 0 3 1 0 0 2
−R2 +R1
−−→  0 1 0 1  −−−− −−→  0 1 0 1 
3R3 +R1
−−−−
0 0 1 −1 0 0 1 −1
   
x 2
The solution is y  =  1 
z −1

Q.2 (a) Find the standard equation of the ellipse with vertices (1, 5) and
(1, −1), and the length of its minor axis is 4, and then sketch its graph.
[4]
(b) Find the elements of the conic section x2 − 4x − 8y + 12 = 0 and then
sketch it. [3]
Solution :
(x - 1)2 (y - 2)2
+ =1
(a) The two vertices are located on a line parallel V1
4 9

to the y-axis. 5

The standard equation of the ellipse is 2+ 5

F1
(x − h)2 (y − k)2
+ = 1 , where b > a .
a2 b2
( )
1 + 1 5 + (−1)
P (h, k) = , = (1, 2) , P
2 2 W1 2 W2

hence h = 1 and k = 2
2b is the distance between its two vertices ,
hence 2b = 6 =⇒ b = 3
-1 1 3

The length of its minor axis is 4, 2- 5

F2

hence 2a = 4 =⇒ a = 2
√ V2
c2 = b2 − a2 =⇒ c2 = 9 − 4 = 5 =⇒ c = 5
-2

(x − 1) (y − 2)
2 2
The standard equation of the ellipse is + =1
4 9
( √ ) ( √ )
The Foci are V1 1, 2 + 5 and V2 1, 2 − 5 .

The endpoints of the minor axis are W1 (−1, 2) and W2 (3, 2) .

33
(b) x2 − 4x − 8y + 12 = 0
x2 − 4x = 8y − 12
By completing the square
x2 − 4x + 4 = 8y − 12 + 4
(x − 2)2 = 8y − 8
(x − 2)2 = 8(y − 1)
The conic section is a parabola opens upwards.
The vertex is V (2, 1) .
4a = 8 =⇒ a = 2.
The Focus is F (2, 1 + 2) = (2, 3)
The equation of the directrix is : y = 1 − 2 = −1

x2-4x-8y+12=0

3
F

1
V
2

-1
y = -1

Q.3 (a) Compute the integrals : [2,3,4]

∫ ∫ ∫
4x x2 + 1
(i) dx (ii) 9x cos(3x) dx (iii) dx
(1 + x2 )3 x(x − 1)(x + 1)
(b) Sketch the region bounded by the curves y = x2 and y = 4x and
compute its area. [3]
(c) The region bounded by the curves curves y = x2 and y = 1 is rotated
about the x-axis to form a solid S . Find the volume of S. [4]
Solution :
∫ ∫ ∫
4x 2 −3
(a) (i) dx = 4x(1 + x ) dx = 2 (1 + x2 )−3 2x dx
(1 + x2 )3
(1 + x2 )−2 −1
=2 +c= +c
−2 (1 + x2 )2

∫
(ii) 9x cos(3x) dx

34
Using integration by parts
u=x dv = 9 cos(3x) dx
du = dx v = 3 sin(3x)
∫ ∫
9x cos(3x) dx = x (3 sin(3x)) − 3 sin(3x) dx

= 3x sin(3x) − (− cos(3x)) + c = 3x sin(3x) + cos(3x) + c

∫
x2 + 1
(iii) dx
x(x − 1)(x + 1)
Using the method of partial fractions
x2 + 1 A1 A2 A3
= + +
x(x − 1)(x + 1) x x−1 x+1
x2 + 1 A1 (x − 1)(x + 1) A2 x(x + 1) A3 x(x − 1)
= + +
x(x − 1)(x + 1) x(x − 1)(x + 1) x(x − 1)(x + 1) x(x − 1)(x + 1)

x2 + 1 = A1 (x − 1)(x + 1) + A2 x(x + 1) + A3 x(x − 1)

x2 + 1 = A1 (x2 − 1) + A2 (x2 + x) + A3 (x2 − x)

x2 + 1 = A1 x2 − A1 + A2 x2 + A2 x + A3 x2 − A3 x

x2 + 1 = (A1 + A2 + A3 ) x2 + (A2 − A3 ) x − A1
A1 + A2 + A3 = 1 −→ (1)
A2 − A3 = 0 −→ (2)
−A1 = 1 −→ (3)

From equation (3) : A1 = −1

Equation (1) + Equation (2) : A1 + 2A2 = 1 =⇒ − 1 + 2A2 = 1

=⇒ 2A2 = 2 =⇒ A2 = 1
From equation (2) : 1 − A3 = 0 =⇒ A3 = 1
∫ ∫ ( )
x2 + 1 −1 1 1
dx = + + dx
x(x − 1)(x + 1) x x−1 x+1
∫ ∫ ∫
1 1 1
=− dx + dx + dx
x x−1 x+1
= − ln |x| + ln |x − 1| + ln |x + 1| + c

35
 16

(b) y = x2 is a parabola opens upwards with ver-

tex (0, 0).
y = 4x is a straight line passing through (0, 0)
with slope equals 4 .

Points of intersection of y = x2 and y = 4x

x2 = 4x =⇒ x2 − 4x = 0
=⇒ x(x − 4) = 0 =⇒ x = 0 , x = 4 y=4x

∫ [ ]4
(4 ) x3
Area = 4x − x dx = 2x −
2 2
0 3 0
( 3
) ( 3
) y=x2
4 0
= 2 (42 ) − − 2 (02 ) −
3 3
64 96 − 64 32
= 32 − = =
3 3 3

(c) y = x2 is a parabola opens upwards with vertex (0, 0).

y = 1 is a straight line parallel to the x-axis and passing through (0, 1).

y=1
1

y=x2

-1 1

Points of intersection of y = x2 and y = 1 :

x2 = 1 =⇒ x = −1 , x = 1

Using Washer method :

∫ 1 ∫ [ ]1
[ 2 ] ( ) 1
x5
Volume = π (1) − (x2 )2 dx = π
1 − x4 dx = π x −
−1 −1 5 −1
[( ) ( )] [ ( )]
15 (−1)5 1 1
=π 1− − −1 − = π 1 − − −1 +
5 5 5 5

36
 ( ) ( )
1 1 2 8π
=π 1− +1− =π 2− =
5 5 5 5

Q.4 (a) Let z = x2 − 2xy + 2y 2 with x = cos θ + sin θ and y = sin θ. Use the
dz
chain rule to compute the partial derivative . [4]
dθ
(b) Solve the differential equation : xy ′ + 2y = 4x2 + 3x . [4]
Solution :
dz ∂z dx ∂z dy
(a) = +
dθ ∂x dθ ∂y dθ
∂z
= 2x − 2y = 2(x − y)
∂x
∂z
= −2x + 4y = 2(2y − x)
∂y
dx dy
= − sin θ + cos θ and = cos θ
dθ dθ

dz
= 2(x − y)(cos θ − sin θ) + 2(2y − x) cos θ
dθ
= 2 cos θ (cos θ − sin θ) + 2(sin θ − cos θ) cos θ

= 2 cos θ (cos θ − sin θ) − 2(cos θ − sin θ) cos θ = 0

(b) xy ′ + 2y = 4x2 + 3x
( )
2
y′ + y = 4x + 3
x
It is a First-order differential equation .
2
P (x) = and Q(x) = 4x + 3
x
The integrating factor is :
∫ ∫ ∫
= e2 ln |x| = eln x = x2 .
2 1 2
P (x) dx dx
u(x) = e =e x = e2 x dx

The general solution of the differential equation is :

∫ ∫ ∫
1 1 1 ( 3 )
y= u(x)Q(x) dx = 2 x2 (4x + 3) dx = 2 4x + 3x2 dx
u(x) x x
1 ( 4 ) c
= x + x3 + c = x2 + x + 2
x2 x

37