JUL

Y/AUGUST MOCK 2024

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)
NAME……………………….…………………………………….ADMNO………….

STREAM…………………............................NAME OF
SCHOOL...............................

DATE………………………………..…..SIGN…………………………….………….

FORM FOUR EXAMINATIONS

BIOLOGY THEORY

231/1

TIME: 2HRS
INSTRUCTIONS

 All Questions are Compulsory

 Write your Answers in the Spaces Provided
 Wrong Spelling of Technical Terms shall be Penalized

Max Score Student’s

Score

80
1. a) State the main importance of a lens in a light microscope
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Why is the electron microscope said to be safer to the eyes than
light microscope?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….………..
(1mk

2. The diagram shown below represents a common organelle

a) Name a Kingdom that:

(2mks
i. Has structure X
…………………………………………………………………….
ii. Lacks Structure X
………………………………………………………………….
b) How is structure Y important in growth and development of
organisms? (2mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Use the diagrams of nerve cells shown below to answer the questions
that follow

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 P R

a) Which letter represents a nerve cell that:

(2mks
i) Has its cell body outside the grey matter of CNS
…………………………………...
ii) Transmits impulse to effector muscles
………………………………………….......
b) Arrange the letters in sequence to show a reflex arc .........................
…………….(1mk
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The following is a graph representing results of an investigation on a
physiological process when potato strips were placed in different
sucrose solutions.

a) Explain why the concentration at M is the normal cell sap

concentration of potato cells used in the experiment
(2mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 b) Why is there no further change in weight at 1.0mol/dm 3 sucrose
concentration? (1mk

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c) Give TWO conditions necessary for osmosis to take place

(2mks
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5. State THREE evolutionary features that make human beings to be

more developed than the other living organisms
(3mks
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6. A dwarf garden pea plant was crossed with a tall garden pea plant and
all the off springs were tall.
a) Why was there no dwarf offspring?
(1mrk

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Write the genotype of the off-springs using letter d for the gene for
dwarfness (1mrk
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7. a) Name the part of chloroplast where light-independent reactions take
place 1mk
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b) State the importance of light-dependent photosynthetic reactions to:
i) Animals (1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ii) light-independent photosynthesis phase
(2mks
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8. Samwel observed the image of an onion epidermal cell with a diameter

of 300micrometers under a light microscope using X15 eye piece lens
and X40 objective lens. Determine the actual diameter of the onion cell
(3mks
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9. The following is a process that takes place in some cells and unicellular
organisms

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 a) Identify the process shown above
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Which human white blood cell is capable of the activity named in a)
above? (1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Which other way does the white blood cell fight pathogens in
addition to the method shown above?
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Name the micro-organisms that cause the following diseases

(2mks
a) Bilharzia
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Amoebic dysentery
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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11. Give differences of the endoplasmic reticula in terms of the following

features (2mks

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 Featur Smooth Endoplasmic Rough Endoplasmic
e Reticulum Reticulum
Structu
re
Functio
n

12. The following is an illustration of a flower

a) State TWO ways part Q helps encourage pollination by insects

(2mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Give TWO features which promote self-pollination in the flower
shown above (2mks
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13. The following is a simplified Nitrogen Cycle

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 a) Explain why denitrification is disadvantageous to plants
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the bacteria found at the following stages of the cycle
(2mks
i) Nitrogen fixation
………………………………………………………………………...
ii) Nitrification
……………………………………………………………………………..
14. a) Name an enzyme that is important in the transport function of red
blood cell (1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Give TWO adaptations of the red blood cell that arise from its
external appearance
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2mks

15. The following is an organ obtained from a freshwater fish

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 a) State the function of the organ
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the parts labelled Q
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State the importance of parts R and S to function of part labelled Q
(2mks
i) R
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) S
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. Differentiate between homozygote and heterozygote cells

(2mrks
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17. Use the following images of living organisms to answer the questions
that follow

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 V W X
a) Why is it that Organism V belongs to Class Arachnida?
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Develop a two-stage dichotomous key to identify the organisms
above using the following features:
(4mks
1. Wings
2. Antennae
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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18. a) State TWO ways change in body color of a chameleon is important

for its survival
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(2mks
b) State TWO conditions necessary for competition to exist in an
ecosystem (2mks
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………………………………………………………………………………………………
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19. a) Name the endocrine tissue found in the Pancreas.
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain the role of the tissue named in a) when sugar level rises
above normal (2mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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20. Wanjiku placed little maize flour in a boiling tube and heat it for 6
minutes as shown below

Maize Flour

Lime Water
a) What was the aim of the experiment?
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State the expected observation in the lime water
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Explain the importance of the human body to continuously expel
the investigated gas?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..…
(2mks

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 21. a) A 60cm long fish was found to measure 25cm from the head to the
anus. Calculate the tail power of the fish
(2mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Periodically, fishermen around rivers do observe migration of fish
against the water currents to seek freshwater as their breeding
grounds. Name the response exhibited by the fish
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. The following illustration represents a section of the thoracic vertebra

a) Which letter represents a part that articulates with the rib?

(1mk
.……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Give TWO functions of part labelled V 2m s
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

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23. Use the illustration of the development cycle of an insect below to
answer questions that follow

a) Name the hormone responsible for the changes observed above

1mk
…..………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Give TWO Reasons why stages 2 and 5 occupying different niches
is important for the survival of the butterfly.
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. In an experiment, Substance Q was mixed with iodine solution, and it

gave a blue-black color. Q was then maintained in a solution
containing Enzyme K for 15minutes at 370C and formed Substance J
which when boiled with reagent Z gave a brick red color.
a) Give the identity of the following: (2mks
i) Enzyme K
………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Reagent Z
………………………………………………………………………………
b) i)State ONE property of J
(1mk)
— 12 —
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Why was the temperature maintained at 370C ?
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Account for the color to be observed when Substance Q is reacted with
Enzyme K in the presence of dilute Hydrochloric acid and Reagent Z
added?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..…
(2mks

END

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