TOPICS – FIELD CAPACITY, DUTY-DELTA & CANAL DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS
1. Write a short note on quality of irrigation water and give classification of irrigation water based on SAR values. 2. Define the following with a diagram. 1) Hygroscopic water 2) Capillary water 3) Gravitational water 4) Field capacity 5) Permanent Wilting point 3. Derive a relationship between specific gravity, field capacity, depth of water and permanent wilting point. 4. Find the field capacity of a soil for the following data: Root zone depth =2m Existing water content = 5% Dry density of soil = 15 kN/m3 Water applied to the soil = 500 m3 Water loss due to evaporation and deep percolation = 10% Area of plot = 1000 sq. metres.
5. A loam soil has field capacity of 22% and wilting coefficient of 10%. The dry unit weight of soil is 15 kN/m3. If the root zone depth is 70 cm, determine the storage capacity of the soil. Irrigation water is applied when the moisture content falls to 14%. If the water application efficiency is 75%, determine the water depth required to be applied in the field. 6. Write a note on frequency of irrigation. For a certain soil, if Field capacity is 27%, Permanent Wilting Point is 14%, Dry density of soil is 15 kN/m3, Effective depth of root zone is 75 cm and daily consumptive use of water for a crop is 11 mm. Find out after how many days water will be supplied to soil to ensure efficient irrigation. 7. What do you understand by the following: 1) Crop Ratio 2) Duty 3) Delta 4) Crop Period 5) Base Period 6) Gross Command Area 7) Culturable Command Area 8) Intensity of Irrigation 9) Kor Period and Kor Depth 10) Time factor of a canal 8. Find the delta for a crop if the duty for a base period of 110 days is 1400 hectares / cumec.
9. An irrigation canal has gross command area of 80,000 hectares out of which 85% is culturable irrigable. The intensity of irrigation for Kharif season is 30% and Rabi is 60%. Find the discharge required at the head of the canal if the duty at its head is 800 hectares/cumec for Kharif season and 1700 hectares/cumec for rabi season.
10. A water course has culturable command area of 2600 hectares, out of which the intensities of irrigation for perennial sugar-cane and rice crops are 20% and 40% respectively. The duty for these crops at the head of water course are 750 hectare/cumec and 1800 hectare/cumec respectively. Find the discharge required at the head of water course if the peak demand is 120% of the average requirement. 11. The left branch canal carrying a discharge of 20 cumecs has culturable commanded area of 20,000 hectares. The intensity of Rabi crop is 80 percent, and the base period is 120 days. The right branch canal carrying discharge of 8 cumecs has culturable commanded area of 12,000 hectares, intensity of irrigation of Rabi crop is 50 percent, and the base period is 120 days. Compare the efficiencies of the two canal systems.
12. A water course has a culturable commanded area of 1200 hectares. The intensity of irrigation for crop A is 40% and for B is 35%, both the crops being Rabi crops. Crop A has a kor period of 20 days and crop B has kor period of 15 days. Calculate the discharge of the water course if the kor depth for Crop A is 10 cm and for B it is 16 cm.
