2020, 2021, 2022 & 2023 Board Exam Questions

Relations & Functions

Relations:

MCQ:

1. The relation R in set {1, 2, 3} given by 𝑅 = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)} is
A) Symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive
B) Reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive
C) Symmetric, but neither reflexive nor transitive
D) An equivalence relation.
2. Let 𝐴 = {1, 3, 5}. Then the number of equivalence relations in A containing (1, 3) is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
3. A relation R in set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3} is defined as 𝑅 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 3)}. Which of the
following ordered pair in R shall be removed to make it an equivalence relation in A?
A) (1, 1) B) (1, 2) C) (2, 2) D) (3, 3)
4. Let the relation R in the set 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}, given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4}. Then [1], the equivalence class containing 1, is:
A) {1, 5, 9} B) {0, 1, 2, 5} C) ∅ D) A
5. Let R be the relation in the set N given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏 − 2, 𝑏 > 6}, then:
A) (2, 4) ∈ 𝑅 B) (3, 8) ∈ 𝑅 C) (6, 8) ∈ 𝑅 D) (8, 7) ∈ 𝑅
6. Let set 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3} and a relation R is defined in X as : 𝑅 = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2)}, then
minimum ordered pairs which should be added in relation R to make it reflexive and
symmetric are
A) {(1,1), (2, 3), (1, 2)}
B) {(3, 3), (3, 1), (1, 2)}
C) {(1, 1), (3, 3), (3, 1), (2, 3)}
D) {(1, 1), (3, 3), (3, 1), (1, 2)}
7. If 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 4} is a relation in set Z, then domain of R is
A) {0, 1, 2} B) {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2} C) {0, -1, -2} D) {-1, 0, 1}
8. A relation R is defined on N. which of the following is the reflexive relation?
A) 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 > 𝑦; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁}
B) 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁}
C) 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁}
D) 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁}
9. The number of equivalence relations in the set {1, 2, 3} containing the elements (1, 2)
and (2, 1) is:
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
10. A relation R is defined on Z as:
a R b if and only if 𝑎2 − 7𝑎𝑏 + 6𝑏2 = 0. Then R is:
A) Reflexive and symmetric
B) Symmetric but not reflexive
C) Transitive but not reflexive
D) Reflexive but not symmetric
2020, 2021, 2022 & 2023 Board Exam Questions

11. Let 𝐴 = {3, 5}. Then number of reflexive relations on A is

A) 2 B) 4 C) 0 D) 8
12. Let R be a relation in the set N given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏 − 2, 𝑏 > 6}. Then
A) (8, 7) ∈ 𝑅 B) (6, 8) ∈ 𝑅 C) (3, 8) ∈ 𝑅 D) (2, 4) ∈ 𝑅

One mark Descriptive:

13. A relation R in a set A is called –––––––, if (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) ∈ 𝑅 implies (𝑎2 , 𝑎1 ) ∈ 𝑅, for all
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ∈ 𝐴.
14. A relation in a set A is called ––––––– relation, if each element of A is related to itself.
15. A relation R on a set A is called ––––––––, if (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ) ∈ 𝑅 implies that
(𝑎1 , 𝑎3 ) ∈ 𝑅, for 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ∈ 𝐴.
16. How many reflexive relations are possible in a set A whose 𝑛(𝐴) = 3.
17. A relation R in 𝑆 = {1, 2, 3} is defined as 𝑅 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 3)}. Which element(s)
of relation R be removed to make R an equivalence relation?
18. A relation R in the set of real numbers R defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): √𝑎 = 𝑏} is a function or
not. Justify.
19. An equivalence relation R in A divides it into equivalence classes 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 . What is the
value of 𝐴1 ∪ 𝐴2 ∪ 𝐴3 and 𝐴1 ∩ 𝐴2 ∩ 𝐴3 .
20. Check whether the relation R defined on the set {1, 2, 3, 4} as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 1} is
transitive. Justify your answer.
21. If the relation R on the set 𝐴 = {𝑥: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏} is equivalence
relation, then find the set of elements related to 1.
22. Write the smallest reflexive relation on set 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐}.

Two marks:

23. Check if the relation R on the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} defined as 𝑅 =

{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥} is (i) symmetric (ii) transitive
24. Check if the relation R in the set R of real numbers defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 < 𝑏} is
(i) Symmetric (ii) transitive
25. Let R be the relation in the set Z of integers given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏}. Show
that the relation is transitive? Write the equivalence class [0].
26. Let W denote the set of words in the English dictionary. Define the relation R by 𝑅 =
{(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑊 𝑥 𝑊 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛}. Show that this
relation R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive.

Three marks:

27. Let N be the set of natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by
(𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑅 (𝑐, 𝑑) iff 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 for all 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ 𝑁. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
28. Check whether the relation R in the set N of natural numbers given by 𝑅 =
{(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. Also determine whether R
is an equivalence relation.
29. Show that the relation R in the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} given by
2020, 2021, 2022 & 2023 Board Exam Questions

𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦2} is an equivalence relation.

30. Prove that the relation R on Z, defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 5} is an
equivalence relation.
31. Check whether the relation R in the set Z of integers defined as
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 divisible by 2} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. Write the
equivalence class containing 0 i.e [0].

Five marks:

32. Given a non empty set X, defined the relation R in P(X) as follows:
For 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ 𝑃 (𝑋), (𝐴, 𝐵) ∈ 𝑅 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵. prove that R is reflexive, transitive and not
symmetric.
33. A relation R is defined on a set of real numbers ℝ as 𝑅 =
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥. 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟}. Check whether R is Reflexive, symmetric and
transitive or not.
34. If N denotes the set of all natural numbers and R is the relation on N x N defined by
(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅 (𝑐, 𝑑), iff 𝑎𝑑(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑑). Show that R is an equivalence relation.

Case study:

35. An organization conducted bike race under two different categories – Boys and Girls.
There were 28 participants in all. Among all of them, finally three from category 1 and
two from category 2 were selected for the final race. Ravi forms two sets B and G with
these participants for his college project.
Let 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 } and 𝐺 = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 }, where B represents the set of boys selected and G
the set of Girls selected for the final race.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) How many relations are possible from B to G?
(ii) Among all the possible relations from B to G, how many functions can be formed
from B to G?
(iii) Let 𝑅: 𝐵 → 𝐵 be defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑥}.
Check if R is an equivalence relation.
(OR)
A function 𝑓: 𝐵 → 𝐺 be defined by 𝑓 = {(𝑏1 , 𝑔1 ), (𝑏2 , 𝑔2 ), (𝑏3 , 𝑔1 )}. Check if f is
bijective. Justify your answer.
2020, 2021, 2022 & 2023 Board Exam Questions

Functions:

MCQ:

1. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → [−1, 1] defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 is

A) Both one-one and onto
B) Not one-one, but onto
C) One-one, but not onto
D) Neither one-one, nor onto
2. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3}, 𝐵 = {4, 5, 6, 7} and let 𝑓 = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B.
Based on the given information, f is defined as:
A) Surjective function
B) Injective function
C) Bijective function
D) Function
3. Let 𝑋 = {𝑥 2 : 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} and the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑋 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁. Then this
function is
A) Injective only B) not bijective C) surjective only D) bijective
4. A function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 𝑥 2 is
A) Not one-one B) one-one C) not onto D) neither one-one nor onto
5. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 is:
A) Bijective
B) One-one but not onto
C) Onto but not one-one
D) Neither one-one nor onto
6. The number of functions defined from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} → {𝑎, 𝑏} which are one-one is:
A) 5 B) 3 C) 2 D) 0
1
7. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 , for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then, f is:
A) One-one B) onto C) bijective D) not defined
𝑛+1
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
8. The function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 is defined by 𝑓 (𝑛) = { 𝑛2
2
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
The function f is:
A) Bijective
B) One-one but not onto
C) Onto but not one-one
D) Neither one-one nor onto
9.

One mark Descriptive:

10. Check whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined as 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 is one-one or not.

11. If 𝑓 = {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 1), (4, 𝑘)} is a one-one function from set A to A, where
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}, then find the value of k.
2020, 2021, 2022 & 2023 Board Exam Questions

Two marks:

36. Prove that the function f is surjective, where 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 such that

𝑛+1
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑓(𝑛) = { 𝑛2
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
2
Is the function injective? Justify your answer.
12. A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined as 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 is both one-one and onto. If 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4},
then find set B.

Three marks:
𝑥
13. Show that the function 𝑓: (−∞, 0) → (−1, 0) defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 0) is one-
1+|𝑥|
one and onto.
𝑥
14. Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is neither one-one nor
𝑥 2+1
onto.
2𝑥+3
15. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be a function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3
, where 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {2}. Is
the function f one-one and onto?
𝑥
16. Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑅 − {−1} → 𝑅 − {1} given by 𝑓(𝑥) = is bijective.
𝑥+1

Five marks:

17. A function 𝑓: [−4, 4] → [0, 4] is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 . Show that f is an onto function
but not a one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ‘a’ for which 𝑓 (𝑎 ) = √7.
5𝑥−3
18. Show that a function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 4
is both one-one and onto.
19. Prove that a function 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [−5, ∞) defined as 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 is both one-one
and onto.
1 1 𝑥
20. Check whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → [− , ] defined as 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 is one-one and onto or
2 2 1+𝑥
not.
4 4𝑥
21. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 − {− 3} → 𝑅 be a function defined as 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥+4. show that f is one-one
function. Also, check whether f is an onto function or not.

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
the Assertion (A).
B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason are true and Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
C) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2020, 2021, 2022 & 2023 Board Exam Questions

22. Assertion (A): The number of onto functions from a set P containing 5 elements to a set
Q containing 2 elements is 30.
Reason (R): number of onto functions from a set containing m elements to a set
containing n elements is 𝑛𝑚 .
………………………..x………………………..