Scribd
Upload
18 views11 pages

Communication Paper 3

As computer science

Uploaded by

rabianaeem190
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views11 pages

Communication Paper 3

As computer science

Uploaded by

rabianaeem190
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Communication

COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618 PAPER 3


Communication And Internet Technologies

Protocol

What is meant by Protocol ?

Set Of Rules
For Successful transmission and receipt of the data

Explain why protocols are essential for communication b/w


computers

Provides a set of standard for transmission of data


that basically gives accepted set of rules for transmitting
and receiving data.
This enable communication between different platforms

They are able to communicate because of the same protocol


Types Of Protocol With Their Uses

TCP / IP Protocol Suite

Application

Transport

Network

Data Link
It is a conceptual model for networking
It consists of 4 layers

How these layers are implemented ?

By Code / Program

Describe TCP/IP Protocol Suite ?

A layered model
with 4 layers
Transmission Control Protocol with Internet Protocol
uses a set of protocols for transmission of data
Application Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data
Link Layer.
Application Layer

E.g Web Browser


It sends files to
transport layer
Contains all
programs that
exchange data

(1) HTTP

Explain what happens when a user access a website ?

1)
User types in URL

2) HTTP transmit URL from Application Layer to


Transport Layer

3) TCP breaks the URL into Data Packets and


sends the packet which contains domain name to
DNS. DNS checks for matching IP.

4) Server sends back an acknowledgment

5) Web server sends back the web pages in HTML format

6) Browser Interpret the HTML file.


(2) FTP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol


used to transfer files between a client and a server over a TCP-
based network, such as the internet. It allows users to upload,
download, rename, delete, move, and copy files on a server.

1) SERVER : In FTP, the server is the central computer that


stores files available for users to download. It manages the
storage and distribution of files.

2) Command : This refers to the set of instructions a user can


send to the FTP server, such as commands to delete, copy, or
move files. These commands are executed on the server.

3) Anonymous : Anonymous FTP allows users to access files


on a server without needing to identify themselves with a
username and password. It is typically used for public file
sharing

(3) SMTP
SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
It is used for sending emails from a client (like an email
app) to a mail server.
SMTP "pushes" outgoing emails from the sender to the
recipient's mail server.
The protocol works by breaking the email message into
commands and responses.
These commands ensure the email is routed correctly to its
destination.
SMTP is for sending mail, while IMAP or POP are for
receiving mail.
Note : Does not handle binary files such as images and
videos and to send binary files we need MIME ( Multipurpose
Internet Mail Extension )

(4) POP 3/4 AND IMAP

POP (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP (Internet Message


Access Protocol) are "pull" protocols used for receiving
emails from an email server to a client.

What is the difference between POP and IMAP

Synchronization

Note : On IMAP email does not get deleted and can be


accessed from different devices.
Transport Layer
Data are broken into packets and are sent to network layer
uses TCP
Ensures that packets arrive in sequence
without error

Transmission Control Protocol


It uses positive acknowledgment with re-transmission
It automatically resends the data packets if it has not
received positive acknowledgment
It is connection oriented which means that a connection is
required b/w both the devices
Re transmits missing packets
Re assembles packets in correct order

State the function of TCP part of TCP/IP protocol suite ?

Allows application to exchange data


Establishes and maintain the connection until exchange of
data is completed
Determines how to break application data into packets and
add sequence / packet number to TCP header
Sends packets to and accepts packets from the network
layer
Manages flow control of data to avoid congestion
Acknowledges all packets that arrives
Detects when a packet has not arrived at destination
Handles re-transmission of dropped packets
Re-assembles packets in correct order
Network / Internet Layer
The Network Layer in the TCP/IP model uses Internet
Protocol (IP) to manage data movement.
It helps route and forward data across different
networks.
This layer is responsible for identifying and addressing
devices on the network.
It ensures data packets are sent to the correct
destination across interconnected networks.

State the function of Internet Protocol ?

Ensures correct routing of packets of data over over the


internet.
Takes a packet from your transport layer and add its own
header
Which includes IP address of recipient and sender both
Encapsulate data into datagram
Passes datagram to the link layer for transmission on the LAN

Link Layer
The protocol in this layer provides the means for the system
to deliver data to the other devices

Ethernet Protocol
Wifi Protocol
Bluetooth Protocol
Concept Of Packets

Application Layer
SENDER

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Link Layer

Application Layer
RECEIVER

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Link Layer
Describe the purpose of packet header ?

To store data about packets


And its routing to ensure that it reaches its destination
To ensure that message can be properly reconstructed

What does TCP protocol header might contain ?

To store data about packets


And its routing to ensure that it reaches its destination
To ensure that message can be properly reconstructed

What does IP data packet might contain ?

Message Data
IP version
Size of Packet
Sequence Number
Protocol
Source IP address
Destination IP address

You might also like