8 - Geography Ch2

CLASS 8TH GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 2
ABIOTIC RESOURCES:LAND,SOIL AND WATER
I) Multiple choice questions (MCQ)

1.Individuals
2.Soil texture
3.All of these
4.3/4
5.Water
6.Sprinkles or drip irrigation should be used.
II) Very short answer type questions-

1.The factors responsible for soil formation are Parent
rock,Relief,Climate,Time,natural vegetation,wildlife and micro-organisms.
2.Two factors are responsible for land degradation:-a)Deforestation b)Human

activities.
3.The land resources are important because-

I) Land resources are rich resources of timber and other products such as
gum,resin,medicinal herbs etc.
II) These are the store house of mineral deposits
4.Two ways to conserve water are:-

I) Rain water harvesting technique can also be used to save surface run off.
II) Sprinklers,drip or trickle irrigation methods should be used as the coolant in
the industries.
III)Short answer type questions:-

1.Short notes on the abiotic resources-
Abiotic resources consists of non-living things mineral,rocks,metal,land,soil and
water.These are the free gifts of nature for the living organisms.
2.The land use patterns-

I) Land use pattern is used to indicate the different uses of land.
II) There are considerable variations in land use among nations of the world.
III) Australia(56%) has high percentage of area under pastures,as India has
under croplands(57%)
3.I)Soil has certain properties such as fertility,ability to retain air and moisture.
I) But when any of these properties is diminished or increased soil erosion takes
place and plants fail to grow.
II) To prevent soil erosion,afforestation,mulching,rotation of crops,controlled
growing must be done.
4.I)Afforestation-under this method rose of trees are planted at short distances in

the farm to provide shelter belt.
II)Mulching-organic matter such as straw,grass etc. are used to cover the bare
ground between rows of plants.It helps soil to retain moisture.
III)Construction of dams-Dams are constructed to slow down the flow of running
water.
5.Water has more importance as an environmental resources than natural
resources of human use.
I)It covers about 3/4th of the earth’s surface.The earth is therefore called the
water planet or the blue planet.
II)It is a tasteless and colourless substance.
III)Water is a vital renewable natural resources of the earth’s surface.It is
necessary for all kinds of living organisms.
IV.Long answer type questions-

1.The main factors that affect the land land use pattern-
I)Climate-Land use pattern of any place is directly or in directly influenced by the
climatic conditions climate is very harsh in the polar and equatorial
regions.Thus,these areas are not suitable for croplands and pastures.
II)Topography- Well0daruned plain regions provide suitable conditions for
agricultural activities and pastures.Suchy type of land use pattern attracts huge
number of people.
III)Type of soil- Well planned land use pattern can be seen in the areas having fertile
soil.Areas like cold and hot deserts have infertile soil, therefore these are free from
proper land use.
IV)Availablity of water- The water availablity is essential for a well developed and
planned land use pattern.
V)Minerals- Minerals deposits also onfluence the land us pattern of a place,
VI)Technology and human resources- Human resources use technology to convert
the raw natural resources into the raw natural resourcews itni the valuable products,
that fulfiul the requirements of the successful land use pattern.
2) Soil refers to the thin layers of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth.
It ie closely related to land.
Soil profile is further divided into a number of horizons.
I) Horizons(top soil)-It conytain humus and the finer particles of rock.It is the
uppermost horizons of soil profile.
II) Horizon(sub soil)-It lies below the top soil and contains small rock particles,
soluble minerals and iron oxides.
III) Horizon(fragmanted rock material)-It lies below the sub-soil.It is made up of the
small pieces of rocks, that come from the parrent rock.
IV) Horizon(parrent rock)-This horizon consists of parent rock.It is the solid
unweathered rock.
Different types of parent rock and differnt climates produce different types of soil.
(Both the diagrams given on the page no.275)
3) A comparative study on thr land and soil resources-

I) Land resources refers to the shape, from and nature of the land surafce.Almost all
the activities are associated with the land resources whereas soil refers to the thin
layer if grainy substance covering the surafce of the earth.It is closely related to
land. The quality of land is determined by its soil cover.
II) Land can be classified as private and community land.Soil is divided into a
number of horizons- top soil, sub soil, fragmented soil and parrent rock.
III) Factors affecting land use pattern are climate, topograhy, types of soil, avilablity
of water, minerals, technolgy amd human resources wheras factors affecting
formation of soil are parent rock, relief, climate, time, natural vegetation, wildlife
abd micro-organism.
IV) The us of bio-fertilizers should be encouraged.Whereas soil can be consumed bu
afforestation, mulching, rotation of crop, contur ploughing, contour barrier, by
construction of dams.
4) Water scarcity is being felt in many parts of the world due to the following
reasons-
I) Changing land use pattern and need for irrigation coupled by inefficient use of
water.
II) Pollutionbof water bodies as well as degradation of our envitonment.
III) Globle warming and drying up of many streams and rivers. The ground water
level has decreased in many parts of the world.
IV) Over explotation, excessive use and unequal access to water among differnt
areas are the main factors responsible for water scarcity.
The water scarcity is causing ecological crises in the
world. To overcome such situation, human being have to conserve and manage
water resources.
5) Land resource
I) Land resource refers to the shape, form and nature of the land.
II) The land covers about 30% of the total area of the earth surface.
III) Land resources are the store house of mineral deposits.
IV) Conservation of land by controlling overgrazing by planting trees.
Water Resources
I) Water is a vital renewable natural resource of the Earth surface.
II) Water is not only essential fpr drinking propose butb it also provides shelter to
many of the organisms.
III) It is a tasteless and colourles substance that covers about 3/4th of the earth’s
surface.
IV) Growing different types of natural vegetation to slow down the suraface run off.
6) Afforestation- In this method more and more trees are planted at short distances
to conserve soil.
Shelter belt- In this method trees are palnted in rows to provide shelter belt. It os
mainly used in the coastal and dry regions.
7) Water Conservation-I) Conservation of water resources by groeing vegetation ton

slow down the surface run off. In thdj way, the underground water storage can be
improved.
II) Rainwater harvesting technique can be also used to save surface run off .
III) Sprinklers, drip or trickle irrigation methods should be used in agriculture
activities.
IV) Recycled water should be used as the coolant in the industries. Check the
wastage of water.
Soil Conservation
I) The preservation, protection and effecient utilization of soil resources is known as
the soil conservation.
II) Afforestation- Rows of trees are plated at short distance in the farms to provide
shelter belt.
III) Rotation of crop- In this method, different crops need different crops need
different elements from the soil.
IV) Construction of dams- Dams are constructed to slow down the flow of running
water.
V.Match column A with column B

1.Fertile layer of soil---Humus
2.Land used for agricultural activities----Arable land
3.Adequate use of land resources----land use
4.To check soil erosion---Rock dams
5.Cycle of water circulation----water cycle.

8 - Geography Ch2

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CLASS 8TH GEOGRAPHY

I) Multiple choice questions (MCQ)

II) Very short answer type questions-

2.Two factors are responsible for land degradation:-a)Deforestation b)Human

3.The land resources are important because-

4.Two ways to conserve water are:-

III)Short answer type questions:-

2.The land use patterns-

4.I)Afforestation-under this method rose of trees are planted at short distances in

IV.Long answer type questions-

3) A comparative study on thr land and soil resources-

7) Water Conservation-I) Conservation of water resources by groeing vegetation ton

V.Match column A with column B

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