Dielectric Fluids

NEC Requirement Guidelines 2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers
Reference Information

R900-20-13

CONTENTS
General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 NEC (NFPA 70) Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 NESC (ANSI C2) Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 General NEC Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Table 1: NEC Section 450.23 Requirements Indoor Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Table 2: NEC Section 450.23 Requirements Outdoor Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Indoor Installation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Transformer Rated 35 kV, in Type I or II Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Listing Option A UL Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Table 3: UL Classification Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Listing Option B FM Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 FM Approved Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Table 4: FM Pressure Relief Device Required Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Table 5: FM Maximum I2t Let Through Required Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Transformer Rated 35 kV, not in Type I or II Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Transformer Rated > 35 kV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Outdoor Installation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Note on Outdoor Installations Using Conventional Mineral Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Table 7: Clearance Requirements From Buildings For Conventional Mineral Oil-Filled Transformers . . . . . . . . . .10 Outdoors On or Adjacent to Type I or Type II Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Listing Option A UL Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Listing Option B FM Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Containment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Separation Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Tables 7 and 8: FM Required Outdoor Separation Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Figure 1: Separation Between Liquid Insulated Transformer and Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Outdoors On or Adjacent to Combustible Buildings or Combustible Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 FM Listing Requirement Highlights for Indoor Installations - Appendix 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 UL Listing Requirement Highlights for Indoor Installations - Appendix 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 FM Listing Requirement Highlights for Outdoor Installations - Appendix 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 UL Listing Requirement Highlights for Outdoor Installations - Appendix 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 UL Classified Less-Flammable Fluids & UL Listed & Classified Transformers - Appendix 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

These guidelines represent Cooper Power Systems, Dielectric Fluids Products understanding and interpretation of the National Electrical Code, UL Classification of Envirotemp FR3 Fluid and FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 - Transformers, and IEEE standards in effect at the time of this publication. It does not necessarily represent the position of Cooper Power Systems on the protection and installation of less-flammable transformers.

March 2011 Replaces 12/08

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

R900-20-13
GENEral rEquirEmENTS
NEC (NFPA 70) Recognition: These guidelines focus on the requirements of Section 450.23 of the 2011 National Electrical Code (NEC) for the installation of Less-Flammable Liquid-Insulated Transformers. Less-flammable liquids are used in transformers where an extra margin of fire safety is important. Typical applications include installations indoors, on rooftops, near buildings, bush and forest fire prone areas and in pedestrian traffic areas. Less-flammable liquids, also known as high fire point liquids, are transformer dielectric coolants that have a minimum fire point of 300 C. Commonly used fire resistant coolants include high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMWH), dimethysiloxane, synthetic esters (Envirotemp 200 fluid), and natural esters (Envirotemp FR3 fluid). Two Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories (NRTL)*; Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and FM Global (FM) currently list less-flammable liquids. They also list less-flammable liquid-filled transformers. Less-flammable liquid-filled transformers were formally recognized by the NEC for indoor installations in 1978. In 1990, the NEC integrated specific less-flammable transformer requirements for outdoor installations into Section 450.23, in effect recognizing less-flammable transformers as inherently safer than conventional oil-filled transformers. Less-flammable transformers, long recognized as an additional safeguard for indoor installations, are becoming increasingly recognized for outdoor installations as well. NESC (ANSI C2) Recognition: Utility-owned transformer installations are typically subject to the requirements of the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), ANSI C2, in lieu of the NEC. Since 1993, the NESC has also recognized the use of less-flammable transformer fluid as an optional fire safeguard for indoor and outdoor transformer installations in Section 152. Other optional fire safeguard methods that may be applied, depending on the degree of fire hazard present in the installation, are separation from combustible materials or structures, liquid confinement, fire resistant barriers or enclosures, or extinguishing systems General NEC Transformer Installation Requirements: The requirements and options for the different types of indoor and outdoor transformer installations are outlined in Tables 1 and 2. These guidelines also summarize the UL Classification and FM Global Approved installation requirements for less-flammable fluids referred to as listing requirements in NEC 450.23. NEC Section 450.28, Modification of Transformers, requires that when modifications are made to transformers in existing installations that change the transformer type, the transformers must be marked to show the type of insulating liquid installed and the installations must comply with current requirements of the NEC. Examples of changes include replacing a complete transformer (retrofitting) or replacement of the fluid only (retrofilling). Askarel (PCB) and conventional mineral oil-filled transformers can be retrofitted or retrofilled using some types of less-flammable fluids like natural esters. Section 110.34 sets minimum clear work space dimensions around transformers.

* Refer to Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) for complete listing of NRTLs.

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers
TAbLE 1 NEC Section 450.23 Requirements - Indoor Installations

INSTALLATION TYPE

Transformer rated 35 kV, installed in Transformer rated 35 kV, installed in a non-combustible building with no a combustible building or in a building with combustible materials stored in combustible materials stored in area area

INSTALLATION TYPE

INSTALLATION TYPE
Transformer rated > 35 kV

NEC OPTIONS*

Both liquid confinement, and either Both liquid confinement and autoextinguishment of the following listing requirements OR A. Underwriters Laboratories Vault per NEC 450, Part III B. FM Global OR Both liquid confinement and auto extinguishment OR Vault per NEC 450, Part III

NEC OPTIONS*

NEC REQUIREMENT*

Vault per NEC 450, Part III

* No additional safeguards are required if one or more of Exceptions 1-6 of Section 450.26, Oil-Insulated Transformers Installed Indoors apply.

TAbLE 2 NEC Section 450.23 Requirements - Outdoor Installations

INSTALLATION TYPE

Non-combustible building* and no Combustible building* or combustible combustible materials stored in area materials stored in area

INSTALLATION TYPE

NEC REQUIREMENT

Either of the following listing In accordance with NEC Section requirements** 450.27, Oil Insulated Transformers A. Underwriters Laboratories Installed Outdoors i.e. space B. FM Global separation, fire barriers or water spray systems

NEC REQUIREMENT

* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction. ** Fine Print Note, Section 450.23, (B)(1) states: Installations adjacent to combustible material, fire escapes, or door and window openings may require additional safeguards such as those listed in Section 450.27.

R900-20-13
iNDOOr iNSTallaTiON OPTiONS
(Refer to Appendices 1 and 2) Indoor installations using less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers must comply with NEC Section 450.23, which defines the requirements for three types of indoor transformer installations as detailed in Table 1: Non-combustible building* with no combustible materials stored in area Combustible building or combustibles stored in area Rating > 35 kV. The installation of less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers indoors without a vault in a Type I or II noncombustible building* where no combustible materials are stored requires that: A liquid confinement area be provided. Liquid confinement may include: Containment pan Curbing Room containment (e.g. door sill) AND The transformer be filled with a listed less-flammable insulating liquid with a minimum 300 C fire point AND

iNDOOr iNSTallaTiONS raTED 35 kV

Without a Vault in Type I or II buildings in Areas Where No Combustible Materials are Stored

The installation complies with all restrictions provided for in the listing of the liquid. If the installation cannot meet the liquid listing requirements It must be provided with an automatic fire extinguishing system and a liquid containment area OR It must be installed in a vault complying with NEC 450 Part III, Transformer Vaults. Section 450.26 may be followed in lieu of any requirements listed in Section 450.23. Exceptions to vault requirements listed in Section 450.26 are also valid for less-flammable fluid-filled installations. Construction requirements for vaults are detailed in Part III of Article 450. Section 450.42 in Part III, Transformer Vaults, allows an exception to the 3-hour vault requirement permitting a 1-hour rated fire resistant rated room if equipped with an automatic extinguishing system.

INSTALLATION TYPE
Transformer rated 35 kV, installed in a non-combustible building with no combustible materials stored in area.

NEC OPTIONS**
 Both liquid confinement, and either of the following listing requirements: A. Underwriters Laboratories B. FM Global; OR Both liquid confinement and auto-extinguishment; OR Vault per NEC 450, Part III.

* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction.

**No additional safeguards are required if one or more of Exceptions 1 - 6 of Section 450.26, Oil-Insulated Transformers Installed Indoors apply.

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

LISTING OPTION A Underwriters Laboratories Requirements*

The UL Classification of less-flammable liquids per the NEC Section 450.23 for 3-Phase 45-10,000 kVA transformers requires:

Table 3: UL Classification Marking for Envirotemp FR3 Fluid (EOVK.MH10678)

Transformers be equipped with tanks capable of

withstanding 12 psig without rupture.

Envirotemp FR3. Classed 4 to 5 less hazardous than paraffin oil in respect to fire hazard. Fire point 358 C (676 F). Ignition temperature 428 C (802 F). Also Classified as a less-flammable liquid as specified in the National Electric Code when used in 3-phase transformers, 45 through 10,000 kVA with the following use restrictions: A. B. For use only in 3-phase transformers having tanks capable of withstanding an internal pressure of 12 psig without rupture. Required use of pressure relief devices on transformer tank in accordance with the following tabulation to limit internal pressure buildup and prevent tank rupture due to gas generation under low current arcing faults, and Required use of current limiting fusing in the transformer primary having I2t characteristics not exceeding the values in the following tabulation. Under-fluid expulsion fuses may be used in series with the current-limiting fuses, in accordance with the manufacturers protection scheme, or Required use of overcurrent protection in the transformer primary having I2t characteristics not exceeding the values in the following tabulation. If the fuse is designed to vent during operation (such as an expulsion fuse), it shall be located external to the transformer tank.

Transformers be equipped with pressure relief

devices with minimum pressure relief capacity per the UL Classification Marking.

C.

Transformer

primaries be protected with overcurrent protection options per the UL Classification Marking.

D.

TRANSFORMER
3-Phase Transformer Rating kVA

REQUIRED PROTECTION
Required Current OR Required Overcurrent Limiting Fusing (+) Protection (+) Maximum I2t (A2s) Maximum I2t (A2s)

REQUIRED PRC
Minimum Required Pressure Relief Capacity, (++) SCFM at 15 psi

Overcurrent Protection Option I, available exclusively with Envirotemp FR3 Fluids UL Classification, allows internal expulsion fuses (e.g. bay-o-net fuses) only if in series with current limiting fuses. Overcurrent Protection Option II allows stand-alone expulsion fuses, but they must be located outside the transformer tank. To specify a UL Classified Envirotemp FR3 fluid-filled transformer for a specific kVA rating, refer to the UL Classification Marking for the fluid shown in Table 3.

45 75 112.5 150 225 300 500 750 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,750 5,000 7,500 10,000

500,000 500,000 550,000 600,000 650,000 750,000 900,000 1,100,000 1,250,000 1,500,000 1,750,000 2,000,000 2,250,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000

700,000 800,000 900,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,900,000 2,200,000 3,400,000 4,500,000 6,000,000 7,500,000 9,000,000 11,000,000 14,000,000 14,000,000 14,000,000

35 35 35 50 100 100 350 350 350 700 700 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

(+) This is an additional requirement to the overcurrent protection required in accordance with Section 450.3 of the current National Electrical Code . (++) Opening pressure, 10 psig maximum.

* UL EOVK - Transformer Fluids

R900-20-13
LISTING OPTION - b FM Global Requirements
The FM indoor installation requirements for all transformer and fluid types are given in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 - Transformers (LPD). Specific requirements for less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers are included. Refer to Section 2.2.1.2 of FM LPD for special installation requirements for network transformers. General transformer requirements are as follows: Minimum 3 ft. clear from building walls, AND Liquid containment provisions, AND Room fire resistance rating based on fluid and transformer type, AND Room ventilation, if necessary, to prevent nonthermal damage, AND Smoke detection with alarm in the electrical room. Less-flammable liquid-filled transformers must comply with one of the following: Be FM Approved or equivalent, OR Be located in a room with a one hour fire resistance rating, OR Have automatic sprinklers above the transformer and 20 ft. beyond with a discharge density of 0.20 gpm/sq. ft. FM Approved Transformer: Less-flammable liquid-filled transformers rated 5 through 10,000 kVA must be equipped with specific design and protection features to be FM Approved or equivalent. Key characteristics of this protection system are fire properties of the liquid, the ability to mechanically withstand pressure generated by a low level electrical fault and the ability of electrical protection to clear a fault before tank rupture. According to FM Global Standard 3990, the key protection features are as listed below. Refer to the FM standard for complete requirements: The transformer tank rupture strength shall be a minimum of 15 psig for rectangular and 20 psig for cylindrical tanks. All transformer tanks shall be designed to withstand a pressure of 7 psig without permanent distortion, AND  The transformer tank shall be provided with a pressure relief device to vent internal over-pressures. The device must be capable of venting a minimum specified flow rate, based on the kVA as noted in Table 4 and Section 2.3.3 of the FM Global Standard 3990. Proper pressure venting coordinated with proper tank pressure withstand rating has proven highly effective in preventing tank rupture from overpressure due to internal fault currents below the trip rating of primary circuit current limiting fuses, AND  The unit is filled with an FM Global Less-Flammable fluid* to reduce the probability of ignition of the liquid. Less-Flammable fluids, also known as high fire point or fire resistant liquids, are dielectric coolants that have a minimum fire point of 300 C per the ASTM D92 Cleveland Open Cup Test Method, AND The primary circuit shall have over-current protection which limits the let-through current (I2t) to a specified maximum value as listed in Table 5 and in Section 2.3.5 of the FM Global Standard 3990. Current-limiting fusing and its functional equivalents are designed to interrupt a high current internal fault before the tank withstand pressure level is reached. If protection is designed to vent gas during operation, such as with expulsion fuses, this protection shall be located outside the transformer tank. Exception: Envirotemp FR3 fluid-immersed expulsion fusing (e.g. bay-o-net) may be mounted in the transformer tank if in series and properly coordinated with current limiting fusing, AND The transformer shall have an additional nameplate with the FM Global mark with the following data: tank pressure rating, fuse part number, pressure relief device part number, and requirements particular to the type of installation.

For a listing of FM Global Less-Flammable fluids, refer to the Less Flammable Fluids section of the FM Global Approval Guide - Electrical Equipment.

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

LISTING OPTION - b FM Global Requirements (continued)

For grounded wye secondary windings of 150 volts or more and rated at 1,000 or more nominal amperes, a notification tag shall be provided by the manufacturer, secured to the low voltage neutral bushing, advising that the transformer installation requires ground fault relay protection prior to energization (if not installed at time of manufacturing), AND Indoor units greater than 500 kVA with alarm contacts only and outdoor units greater than 2,500 kVA shall be equipped with alarm contacts on the pressure relief device and a rapid-rise relay, AND Three-phase pad-mounted and substation transformers shall be equipped with an oil level gauge. Additionally, all transformers rated 750 kVA or higher shall be equipped with a liquid temperature indicator and pressure-vacuum gauge, AND Transformers shall be capable of passing Basic Lightning Impulse Insulation Level (BIL) testing at a minimum tilt of 1.5o from vertical. Table 4: FM Pressure Relief Device Required Ratings
kVA Rating 3-Phase (1-Phase) 112.5 (37.5) 150 (50) 300 (100) 1,000 (333) 2,000 (667) 10,000 (3,333) Flow Rate SCFM @ 15psi (103 pKa) 35 50 100 350 700 5,000

Table 5: FM Maximum I2t Let Through Required Ratings

kVA Rating 3-Phase (1-Phase) 45 (15) 75 (25) 112.5 (37.5) 150 (50) 225 (75) 300 (100) 500 (167) 750 (250) 1,000 (333) 1,500 (500) 2,000 (667) 2,500 (833) 3,000 (1,000) 3,750 (1,250) 5,000 (1,667) 7,500 (2,500) 10,000 (3,333) Current Limiting Fusing 500,000 500,000 550,000 600,000 650,000 750,000 900,000 1,100,000 1,250,000 1,500,000 1,750,000 2,000,000 2,250,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 Other Protection 700,000 800,000 900,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,900,000 2,200,000 3,400,000 4,500,000 6,000,000 7,500,000 9,000,000 11,000,000 14,000,000 14,000,000 14,000,000

Note: For kVA ratings not listed use next lowest rating in table.

Note: For kVA ratings not listed use next highest rating in table.

R900-20-13
INDOOR INSTALLATIONS RATED 35 kV
Without a Vault in buildings Other Than Type I or II or in Areas Where Combustible Materials are Stored INDOOR INSTALLATIONS RATED > 35 kV INSTALLATION TYPE Transformer rated > 35 kV NEC REQUIREMENT** Vault per NEC 450, Part III. If the installation does not comply with one or more of the exceptions listed in 450.26, the transformer must be installed in a vault complying with NEC 450, Part III Transformer Vaults. Section 450.26 may be followed in lieu of any requirements listed in Section 450.23. Exceptions to vault requirements listed in Section 450.26 would also be valid for less-flammable fluid-filled transformer installations. Construction requirements for vaults are detailed in Part III of Article 450. Section 450.42 in Part III, Transformer Vaults, allows an exception to the three-hour vault requirement permitting a one-hour rated fire resistant rated room if equipped with an automatic extinguishing system.

INSTALLATION TYPE
Transformer rated 35 kV, installed in a combustible building or in a building with combustible materials stored in area. NEC OPTIONS** Both liquid containment and auto extinguishment OR Vault per NEC 450, Part III. The installation of less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers indoors without a vault in Type I or II noncombustible building* where no combustible materials are stored required that: A liquid containment area be provided, AND The transformer be filled with a listed less-flammable insulating liquid with a minimum 300 C fire point,

AND

The installation comply with the listing requirements of the liquid in the transformer. If the installation cannot meet the liquid listing requirements or one or more of the exceptions listed in 450.26, the installation must either be provided with an automatic fire extinguishing system and a liquid confinement area or the transformer must be installed in a vault, per Section 450, Part III. Section 450.42 in Part III, Transformer Vaults, allows an exception to the three-hour vault requirement permitting a one-hour rated fire resistant rated room if equipped with an automatic spray extinguishing system.

*Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction. **No additional safeguards are required if one or more of Exceptions 1-6 of Section 450-26, Oil-Insulated Transformers Installed Indoors apply.

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

OUTDOOR INSTALLATION OPTIONS

OUTDOORS ON OR ADJACENT TO TYPE I AND TYPE II bUILDINGS

(Refer to Appendices 3 and 4) Outdoor installations attached to, adjacent to, or on the roof of buildings using less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers must comply with NEC Section 450.23. This Code Section defines the requirements for outdoor lessflammable transformer installations according to the building fire resistance rating.* On or adjacent or attached to Type I or II building* On or adjacent to a combustible building**

In addition to indoor installations, less-flammable liquidinsulated transformers are increasingly recognized as an additional safeguard by insurance underwriters and specifiers for outdoor applications. The degree of fire safety will be significantly increased when a transformer is filled with less-flammable fluid instead of conventional mineral oil. Transformers installed according to the listing requirements of less-flammable liquids will provide an even greater margin of safety. Note on Outdoor Installations Using Conventional Mineral Oil per IEEE: IEEE Std 979 standard, Guide For Substation Fire Protection recommends that transformers containing conventional mineral insulating oil be located not less than the distances listed in Table 6 from buildings. Where a transformer is located less than the specified minimum distance, fire-resistant wall construction should be used. Table 6: Clearance Requirements From buildings For Conventional Mineral Oil-Filled Transformers (per IEEE Std 979 standard)
Transformer Rating 75 kVA or less 76-333 kVA More than 333 kVA Recommended Minimum Distance from building 10 ft. 20 ft. 30 ft.

INSTALLATION TYPE Non-combustible building* and no combustible materials stored in area. NEC REQUIREMENT Either of the following fluid listing requirements: A. Underwriters Laboratories B. FM Global Less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers are permitted to be installed outdoors, attached to, on, or adjacent to non-combustible* buildings. The installation must comply with the requirements of a recognized listing of the fluid. A fine print note states that combustible material**, combustible buildings, fire escapes and door and window openings may require additional safeguarding, as described in Section 450.27. Fine Print Notes (FPN) are defined in Section 90.5 as informational only and are not enforceable as code requirements.

* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction. ** Per NFPA 220, the definition of combustible material refers to material not classified as non-combustible or limited-combustible.

10

R900-20-13
LISTING OPTION - A Underwriters Laboratories Requirements
The same UL Classification of less-flammable liquids per the NEC Section 450.23 for 3-Phase 45-10,000 kVA transformers applies to both indoor and outdoor applications and requires: Transformers be equipped with tanks capable of withstanding 12 psig without rupture, AND Transformers be equipped with pressure relief devices with minimum pressure relief capacity per the UL Classification Marking, AND Transformer primaries be protected with overcurrent protection options per the UL Classification Marking. Overcurrent Protection Option I, available exclusively with Envirotemp FR3 Fluids UL Classification, allows internal expulsion fuses (e.g. bay-o-net fuses) in series with current limiting fuses. Overcurrent Protection Option II allows stand-alone expulsion fuses, but they must be located outside the transformer tank. To specify a UL Classified Envirotemp FR3 fluid-filled transformer for a specific kVA rating, refer to the UL Classification Marking for the fluid shown in Table 3.

LISTING OPTION - b FM Global Requirements

The outdoor installation requirements according to FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 Transformers consist of requirements for transformer and fluid types. Specific requirements for less-flammable liquidinsulated transformers are included. FM outdoor installation requirements are based on the FM Approval Status of the transformer and both the volume and FM Approval Status of the fluid. If transformers filled with conventional mineral oil or non-approved fluids would expose buildings and equipment to a release of oil, the transformer must comply with FM LPD requirements. This may include containment, separation distances, fire barriers, or water spray systems. Installation of FM Approved transformers or transformers with FM Approved lessflammable fluids must comply with FM LPD requirements for containment and separation distances. The FM LPD provides detailed requirements for fire barriers in Section 2.3.1.1.2 and water spray exposure protection in Section 2 .3 .2 .1 . Fluid containment requirements as detailed in Section 2.3.1.2 of the FM LPD are:  release of mineral oil would expose buildings A OR  More than 500 gal (1.9 m3) of mineral oil could be released OR  More than 1320 gal (5 m3) of FM Approved lessflammable fluid could be released OR  More than 2,640 gal (10 m3) of biodegradable FM Approved less flammable fluid could be released. For this purpose: 1) the fluid must be certified as a biodegradable fluid by the government environmental protection agency, 2) a release of the fluid must not expose navigable waterways (see Appendix A for definition) and 3) the transformer must be properly labeled.

11

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

LISTING OPTION - b FM Global Requirements (continued)

Separation Distance: Separation distance requirements are based on whether the transformer is FM Approved or equivalent, or the volume of fluid, and if the fluid is FM Approved. For FM Listed less-flammable fluids, horizontal distance is measured from transformer; for non-listed fluids, horizontal distance is measured from inside of the outer edge of containment. (See Figure 1.)

TAbLE 7. FM Required Separation Distance between Outdoor Liquid Insulated Transformers and buildings.*
FM Approved Transformer or Equivalent Yes Less-Flammable (Approved) No Horizontal Distance** Liquid Volume gal/(m3) N/A 10,000 (38) >10,000 (38) <500 (1.9) Mineral Oil N/A 500-5,000 (1.9-19) >5,000 (19) Fire Resistant ft/(m) 3 (0 .9) 5 (1.5) 15 (4.6) 5 (1.5) 15 (4.6) 25 (7.6) Non-Combustible ft/(m) 3 (0 .9) 5 (1.5) 15 (4.6) 15 (4.6) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2) Combustible ft/(m) 3 (0 .9) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2) 100 (30.5) Vertical Distance ft/(m) 5 (1.5) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2) 100 (30.5)

Liquid

* FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheet 5-4, Table 2a ** All transformer components must be accessible for inspection and maintenance.

TAbLE 8. FM Outdoor Fluid Insulated Transformers Equipment Separation Distance.*

Liquid Less-Flammable (Approved) FM Approved Transformer or Equivalent Yes No Fluid Volume gal/(m3) N/A 10,000 (38) >10,000 (38) <500 (1.9) Mineral Oil N/A 500-5,000 (1.9-19) >5,000 (19) * FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheet 5-4, Table 2b ** All transformer components must be accessible for inspection and maintenance. Distance** ft/(m) 3 (0 .9) 5 (1.5) 25 (7.6) 6 (1.5) 25 (7.6) 50 (15.2)

12

R900-20-13

H1

H2

Noncombustible construction

Mineral oil insulated transformer H1

Dike

H2

H1 = Transformer less than 500 gal. and where ground slopes away from building dike not needed. Horizontal distance is measured from transformer to building. H2 = Where ground is flat or slopes to building dike should be provided. Horizontal distance is measured from dike to building.

Figure 1. Separation between liquid insulated transformer and building. (Drawing excerpted from FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheet 5-4.)

13

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

OUTDOORS ON OR ADJACENT TO COMbUSTIbLE bUILDINGS OR COMbUSTIbLE MATERIALS INSTALLATION TYPE

For installations other than Type I and Type II* buildings or for installations that do not comply with all the restrictions provided for in the listing of the liquid.

NEC REQUIREMENT Per NEC Section 450.27, Oil-Insulated Transformers

Installed Outdoors. Section 450.23 refers to Section 450.27, Oil Insulated Transformers Outdoors, for installation requirements when less-flammable liquid-filled transformers are installed on or adjacent to combustible buildings or near combustible materials. As for conventional oil-filled transformers, it requires the safeguarding of combustible material, combustible buildings, fire escapes and door and window openings. Recognized safeguards include space separation, fire barriers, spray extinguishing systems and confinement areas for spilled fluid. The NEC requires that one or more of the above safeguards be applied according to the degree of fire hazard present in cases where the installation presents a fire hazard. Obviously, less-flammable fluid-filled transformers significantly reduce the possibility that the installation presents a fire hazard compared to conventional mineral oil.

Refer to NFPA 220, Section 2.1 for the definition of combustible building construction.

14

R900-20-13

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15

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

less-Flammable liquid-insulated Transformers Compliance to NEC 2011 Section 450.23 per Fm listing Requirement Highlights for Indoor Installations
Transformer 35 kV and Liquid Confinement Area Available Yes

No Automatic Fire Extinguishing System Available No

No

Non-Combustible Building (Type I or Type II)* and No Combustibles in the Area Yes

Yes

FM Approved Less-Flammable Fluid Yes

No

Yes

In Accordance With One Or More of the Exceptions of NEC 450.26

No Installation Incorporates FM LPD Sheet*** Requirements Yes Yes

No Vault Requirements per NEC 450, Part III

FM Approved Transformer** or Equivalent includes a) Tank Rupture Strength b) Tank Pressure Relief c) Low Current Fault Protection d) High Current Fault Protection e) Approved Less-Flammable Fluid

Yes

COMPLIANCE WITH NEC 450.23

NEC Code Requirements FM Listing Requirements

FM Approved Fluids include: ** Envirotemp FR3 Fluid (natural ester) ABB BIOTEMP (natural ester) M&I Materials MIDEL 7131 (synthetic ester) Shell Diala HFX (fire resistant hydrocarbon) Dow Chemical L-305, Y-7582 (silicone) DSI Alpha-1, Beta (hydrocarbon) Dow Corning 561 (silicone)

FM Approved Transformers include: ** Cooper Power Systems ABB Siemens Eaton Cutler-Hammer

* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction ** FM Global Approval Guide *** FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 Transformers

appendix 1
16

R900-20-13
less-Flammable liquid-insulated Transformers Compliance to NEC 2011 Section 450.23 per ul listing Requirement Highlights for Indoor Installations
Transformer 35 kV and Liquid Confinement Area Available Yes Automatic Fire Extinguishing System Available Yes Yes Yes UL Classified Transformer Fluid** Yes No No In Accordance with One or More of the Exceptions of NEC 450.26 No No

Non-Combustible Building (Type I or Type II)* and No Combustibles in the Area

No

Installation Incorporates UL Classification** Marking Requirements Yes or or

No

Vault Requirements Per NEC 450, Part III

UL OPTION I Pressure Relief Device Minimum 12 psig Tank Pressure Rupture Withstand Primary Current Limiting Fusing Per UL Classification Marking.**

UL OPTION II Pressure Relief Device Minimum 12 psig Tank Pressure Rupture Withstand Overcurrent Protection Per UL Classification Marking.** NOTE: Devices that vent during operation such as bay-o-net fuses may not be liquid-immersed. Yes

Yes

COMPLIANCE WITH NEC 450.23

NEC Code Requirements UL Listing Requirements UL Classified Transformer Fluids:** Envirotemp FR3 Fluid (natural ester), Option I or Option II Dow Corning 561 (silicone), Option II only * Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction ** Transformer Fluids (EOVK), Underwriters Laboratories Certifications Directory NOTE: UL Classification Dielectric Mediums (EOUV) states that "Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in electrical transformers are covered under Transformer Fluids (EOVK).

appendix 2
17

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

less-Flammable liquid-insulated Transformers Compliance to NEC 2011 Section 450.23 per Fm*** listing Requirement Highlights for Outdoor Installations
Non-Combustible Building (Type I or Type II)* and No Combustibles in the Area No

Yes

FM Approved Less-Flammable Fluid

No

Yes

Installation Incorporates FM LPD Sheet*** Requirements

No

Yes

Requirements per Liquid Listing

NEC Code Requirements FM Listing Requirements

See Page 19 for Fm requirements Detail

Yes

COMPLIANCE WITH NEC 450.23

Yes

Requirements Per NEC 450.27 If installation presents fire hazard one or more of the following safeguards shall be applied: Space Separation Fire Barriers Automatic Water Spray Enclosure

FM Approved Fluids: ** Envirotemp FR3 Fluid (natural ester) ABB BIOTEMP (natural ester), ETV status M&I Materials Ltd. MIDEL 7131 (synthetic ester) Shell Diala Oil HFX (fire resistant hydrocarbon) Dow Chemical L-305, Y-7582 (silicone) DSI Alpha-1, Beta (hydrocarbon) Dow Corning 561 (silicone)

FM Approved Transformers: ** Cooper Power Systems ABB Siemens Eaton Cutler-Hammer

* Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction ** FM Global Approval Guide *** FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 Transformers NOTE: NEC Section 110.3 (b) applies if the listing chosen for compliance specifically addresses outdoor application.

appendix 3
18

R900-20-13
less-Flammable liquid-insulated Transformers Compliance to NEC 2011 Section 450.23 per Fm listing Requirement Highlights for Outdoor Installations FM Requirements Detail
Yes FM Approved Less-Flammable fluid* No

No

More than 1320 gallons Yes US EPA Environmental Technology Verification** status for Ready Biodegradation Yes

Spill exposure to building (ground sloping toward building or level) No

Yes

No

More than 500 gallons No

Yes

Containment per FM LPD*** Section 2.3.1.2 Yes

No

More than 2640 gallons Yes Containment per FM LPD*** Section 2.3.1.2 FM LPD*** Installation Options for Mineral Oil or Non-Approved Fluid  Minimum separation distances per Section 2.3.1.1.1 Tables 2A & 2B 5-100 feet horizontal 25-100 feet vertical OR  Fire barriers per Section 2.3.1.1.2 OR  Water Spray Protection per Section 2 .3 .1 .1 .2 Yes

Yes

FM Approved Transformer* or equivalent Yes

No

Minimum separation distances per FM LPD*** Section 2.3.1.1.1 Tables 2A & 2B 3 feet horizontal 5 feet vertical

Minimum separation distances per FM LPD*** Section 2.3.1.1.1 Tables 2A & 2B 5-50 feet horizontal 25-50 feet vertical

Yes

Yes

COMPLIANCE WITH NEC 450.23

FM Global Approval Guide Environmental Technology Verification Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Envirotemp FR3 fluid and BIOTEMP fluid have ETV status for Ready Biodegradation) *** FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 5-4 Transformers

* **

appendix 3
19

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

less-Flammable liquid-insulated Transformers Compliance to NEC 2011 Section 450.23 per ul listing Requirement Highlights for Outdoor Installations
Non-Combustible Building (Type I or Type II) and No Combustibles in the Area No

Yes

UL Classified Less-Flammable Fluid Yes

No

Requirements Per NEC 450.27 If installation presents fire hazard one or more of the following safeguards shall be applied: Space Separation Fire Barriers Automatic Water Spray Enclosure Yes

Installation Incorporates UL Classification** Marking Requirements

No

or

or

UL OPTION I Pressure Relief Device Minimum 12 psig Tank Pressure Rupture Withstand Primary Current Limiting Fusing Per UL Classification Marking.**

Yes

UL OPTION II Pressure Relief Device Minimum 12 psig Tank Pressure Rupture Withstand Overcurrent Protection Per UL Classification Marking.** NOTE: Devices that vent during operation such as bay-o-net fuses may not be liquidimmersed. Yes

COMPLIANCE WITH NEC 450.23

NEC Code Requirements UL Listing Requirements UL Classified Transformer Fluids:* Envirotemp FR3 Fluid (natural ester), Option I or Option II Dow Corning 561 (silicone), Option II only * ** Refer to NFPA 220 for definition of non-combustible Type I and II building construction Transformer Fluids (EOVK), Underwriters Laboratories Certifications Directory UL Classification Dielectric Mediums (EOUV) states that "Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in electrical transformers are covered under Transformer Fluids (EOVK)."

NOTES:

appendix 4
20

R900-20-13
ul Classified less-Flammable Fluids & ul listed & Classified Transformers Important Information to Assure Code Compliance Part A: Dielectric Coolants
Not all UL Classified dielectric coolants applied in transformers meet NEC Section 450.23 requirements. Simply specifying that a transformer be filled with a UL Classified dielectric coolant is not sufficient to assure the transformer meets NEC Section 450.23 listing requirements. UL has two classification categories for dielectric coolants: EOUV: Dielectric Mediums (See page 24 for EOUV.guideinfo) EOVK: Transformer Fluids (See page 26 for EOVK.guideinfo) To assure compliance with NEC Section 450.23 listing requirements of UL, the dielectric coolant must be Classified as an EOVK Transformer Fluid as detailed in Part A2 of this appendix. Part A1: UL Classification EOUV Dielectric Mediums This category is a fire hazard rating only. All Classified Dielectric Mediums have the same fire hazard ratings, Classed 4 to 5 less hazardous paraffin oil in respect to fire hazard. Included in the EOUV Classification are requirements for minimum ignition temperature, fire point, and closed cup flash point. This Classification makes no reference to NEC 450.23, and does not classify the fluid as a less-flammable liquid in accordance with Section 450.23. Table A1 - UL Classified EOUV Dielectric Mediums EOUV Dielectric Medium Cooper Power Systems Envirotemp FR3 ABB Power Technologies Sopus Products Dow Corning Diala BIOTEMP Momentive Performance Materials SF97-50 HFX DSI Ventures Beta 561 Type natural ester natural ester silicone HMWH HMWH silicone

This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums. Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in electrical transformers are covered under Transformer Fluids (EOVK). Part A2: UL Classification EOVK Transformer Fluids In addition to giving the requirements for minimum ignition temperature, fire point, and closed cup flash point, this category gives the UL Use Restrictions required for compliance with NEC 450.23 for the listed less flammable fluids. Table A2 gives the fluids listed in the UL Directory having EOVK Classification. Table A2 - UL Classified EOVK Transformer Fluids EOVK Transformer Fluids Cooper Power Systems Envirotemp FR3 fluid Dow Corning 561 Type natural ester silicone

This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in electrical transformers.

appendix 5
21

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

ul Classified less-Flammable Fluids & ul listed & Classified Transformers Important Information to Assure Code Compliance Part B: UL Listed Transformers
Not all UL listed and classified transformers meet NEC Section 450.23 requirements. Simply specifying that a transformer be UL Listed is not sufficient to assure the transformers meet NEC Section 450-23 listing requirements. To assure UL Listed transformers meet NEC Section 450-23 requirements, the transformer must use an EOVK Transformer Fluid and meet its Use Restrictions (see Part A2). Part b1: XPLH Transformers, Distribution, Liquid-filled Type, Over 600 Volts UL transformer listing requirements, detailed in UL GuideInfo XPLH, allow the use of mineral oil and other transformer coolants regardless of Classification status. These transformers are required to comply with various IEEE C57.12.00 standards listed in the XPLH.GuideInfo sheet. This guide states that transformers with the UL Listing mark are: intended for installations with the requirements of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. Table B1 shows the manufacturers of UL Listed liquidinsulated transformers. Table b1 - UL XPLH Listed Transformers XPLH Transformer Manufacturers Cooper Power Systems ABB Inc, South Boston VA ABB Inc, Jefferson City MO GE Co., Shreveport LA Howard Industries Inc Pacific Crest Transformers Inc Pauwels Transformers Inc, Washington MO Prolec GE, Monterrey MX Square D, Nashville TN Virginia Transformer Corp, Roanoke VA These transformers will display a single UL Listing Mark, the UL symbol, together with the word "LISTED," a control number, and the product name "Liquid-Filled Distribution Transformer as in Figure B1.

LISTED XPLH.E234598 Liquid-Filled Distribution Xfmr

Figure b1 Example transformer mark for a UL Listed ANSI-compliant transformer.

appendix 5
22

R900-20-13
ul Classified less-Flammable Fluids & ul listed & Classified Transformers Important Information to Assure Code Compliance Part A: Dielectric Coolants
Part b2: UL Listed and Classified Transformers for use as Less-Flammable Liquid-Insulated Transformer

In

Accordance With Sec. 450.23 of the NEC **

UL uses the same XPLH GuideInfo sheet noted above for transformers intended to meet the requirements of NEC section 450.23. However, the sub-header USE AND INSTALLATION adds the following requirements: Transformer must be provided with UL Classified Less-Flammable Liquid, having a fire point of not less than 300C Transformer must be Marked to: identify the product name and flammability rating of the liquid indicate whether the liquid may evolve flammable gases when decomposed by an electric arc (as applicable) list all the use restrictions provided for in the UL Classification of the liquid. A UL Listed and Classified Transformer must display both a Listing mark and a Classification mark. See Figure B2.

LISTED XPLH.E234598 Liquid-Filled Distribution Xfmr ALSO CLASSIFIED FOR USE AS LESS-FLAMMABLE LIQUID-INSULATED TRANSFORMER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SEC. 450-23 OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC) AND MARKED USE RESTRICTIONS ON THE TRANSFORMER

Figure b2 Example transformer mark for a UL Listed and Classified transformer filled with an UL EOVK Transformer Fluid and complying with its Use Requirements.

Cooper Power Systems Inc. manufacturers UL listed and Classified Transformers for use as less-flammable liquid-insulated transformers in accordance with NEC Section 450.23. UL does not currently publish which transformer manufacturers offer the dual marking. Purchasers and users should confirm their UL Listed transformers also are UL Classified and the units have both respective UL logos for units that are intended for use in complying with NEC Section 450.23. The transformer listing by UL should be referred to as an UL Listed And Classified Transformer for Use as Less-Flammable Liquid-Insulated Transformer in Accordance with Sec. 450.23 Of The National Electric Code (NEC).

** The source of the information of this section is the UL online certification Directory, XPHL.GuideInfo -Transformers, Distribution, Liquid-filled Type, Over 600 Volts on March 25, 2011. Copyright Underwriters Laboratories Inc .

appendix 5
23

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

ul Classified less-Flammable Fluids & ul listed & Classified Transformers Important Information to Assure Code Compliance EOUV.GuideInfo Dielectric Mediums USE
This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums. The liquids are not intended to replace mineral oil unless equipment is also designed for the specific liquid. These products have been Classified as to their fire hazard only, using Underwriters Laboratories' method for Classification of the fire hazard of liquids. They have been rated on a numerical scale of hazard ranging from 0 to 100 as indicated in the table below: General Classification Diethyl ether Gasoline Ethyl alcohol Kerosene Paraffin oil Water or nonflammable Numerical Classification 100 90 to 100 60 to 70 30 to 40a 10 to 20b 0 or nonflammable

a A standard kerosene of 100F (37.8C) flash point (closed cup) is rated 30 to 40. b A paraffin oil of 440F (226.7C) flash point (closed cup) is rated 10 to 20.

RELATED PRODUCTS
Liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in electrical transformers are covered under Transformer Fluids (EOVK).

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
For additional information, see Electrical Equipment for Use in Ordinary Locations (AALZ) and Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases Equipment (AAPQ).

REQUIREMENTS
The basic standard used to investigate products in this category is UL 340, "Tests for Comparative Flammability of Liquids."

UL MARK
The Classification Mark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. on the product container is the only method provided by UL to identify products manufactured under its Classification and Follow-Up Service. The Classification Mark for these products includes the UL symbol, the word "CLASSIFIED" above the UL symbol (as illustrated in the Introduction of this Directory), and the following additional information: [PRODUCT IDENTITY] CLASSED ____ AS TO FIRE HAZARD ONLY Control No.

appendix 5
24

R900-20-13
ul Classified less-Flammable Fluids & ul listed & Classified Transformers Important Information to Assure Code Compliance EOUV.GuideInfo Dielectric Mediums USE
The Classification Mark may also include the following statement as appropriate: MAY EVOLVE FLAMMAbLE GASES WHEN DECOMPOSED bY AN ELECTRIC ARC Last Updated on 2008-01-24." Notice of Disclaimer The appearance of a company's name or product in this database does not in itself assure that products so identified have been manufactured under UL's Follow-Up Service. Only those products bearing the UL Mark should be considered to be Listed and covered under UL's Follow-Up Service. Always look for the Mark on the product. UL permits the reproduction of the material contained in the Online Certification Directory subject to the following conditions: 1 . The Guide Information, Designs and/or Listings (files) must be presented in their entirety and in a non-misleading manner, without any manipulation of the data (or drawings). 2 . The statement "Reprinted from the Online Certifications Directory with permission from Underwriters Laboratories Inc." must appear adjacent to the extracted material. In addition, the reprinted material must include a copyright notice in the following format: "Copyright 2008 Underwriters Laboratories Inc." The source of the information of this section is the UL online certification Directory, http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/template/LISEXT/1FRAME/showpage.html?&name=EOUV.GuideInfo &ccnshorttitle=Dielectric+Mediums&objid=1074233329&cfgid=1073741824&version=versionless&parent_ id=1073986317&sequence=1 on March 25, 2011. Copyright Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

appendix 5
25

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

ul Classified less-Flammable Fluids & ul listed & Classified Transformers Important Information to Assure Code Compliance EOVK.GuideInfo Transformer Fluids (Dielectric Mediums) Transformer Fluids USE
This category covers liquids intended for use as dielectric and cooling mediums in electrical transformers. These products have been Classified as to their fire hazard only, using Underwriters Laboratories' method for Classification of the fire hazard of liquids. They have been rated on a numerical scale of hazard ranging from 0 to 100 as indicated in the table below: General Classification Diethyl ether Gasoline Ethyl alcohol Kerosene Paraffin oil Water or nonflammable Numerical Classification 100 90 to 100 60 to 70 30 to 40a 10 to 20b 0 or nonflammable

a A standard kerosene of 100F (37.8C) flash point (closed cup) is rated 30 to 40. b A paraffin oil of 440F (226.7C) flash point (closed cup) is rated 10 to 20.

USE RESTRICTIONS
Products Classified as "less-flammable liquid" may have use restrictions on the product container. Certain fluids have fuse use restrictions which require that the fuse must be either a type which does not vent under normal operation, or it must be installed external to the transformer tank.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
For additional information, see Dielectric Mediums (EOUV), Electrical Equipment for Use in Ordinary Locations (AALZ) and Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases Equipment (AAPQ).

REQUIREMENTS
The basic standard used to investigate products in this category is UL 340, "Tests for Comparative Flammability of Liquids." These products are also Classified as a "less-flammable liquid" or "nonflammable fluid" in accordance with Sections 450.23 or 450.24 of ANSI/NFPA 70, "National Electrical Code." The Classification Mark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. on the product container is the only method provided by UL to identify products manufactured under its Classification and Follow-Up Service. The Classification Mark for these products includes the UL symbol, the word "CLASSIFIED" above the UL symbol (as illustrated in the Introduction of this Directory), and the following additional information: [PRODUCT IDENTITY] CLASSED ____ AS TO FIRE HAZARD ONLY Control No.

UL MARK

appendix 5
26

R900-20-13
ul Classified less-Flammable Fluids & ul listed & Classified Transformers Important Information to Assure Code Compliance EOVK.GuideInfo Transformer Fluids (Dielectric Mediums) Transformer Fluids USE
The Classification Mark may also include the following statement as appropriate: MAY EVOLVE FLAMMAbLE GASES WHEN DECOMPOSED bY AN ELECTRIC ARC ALSO CLASSIFIED AS A "LESS-FLAMMAbLE LIQUID" IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE WITH THE FOLLOWING "USE RESTRICTIONS" ALSO CLASSIFIED AS A "NONFLAMMAbLE FLUID" IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE WITH THE FOLLOWING "USE RESTRICTIONS" Last Updated on 2008-01-2 Notice of Disclaimer The appearance of a company's name or product in this database does not in itself assure that products so identified have been manufactured under UL's Follow-Up Service. Only those products bearing the UL Mark should be considered to be Listed and covered under UL's Follow-Up Service. Always look for the Mark on the product. UL permits the reproduction of the material contained in the Online Certification Directory subject to the following conditions: 1 . The Guide Information, Designs and/or Listings (files) must be presented in their entirety and in a non-misleading manner, without any manipulation of the data (or drawings). 2 . The statement "Reprinted from the Online Certifications Directory with permission from Underwriters Laboratories Inc." must appear adjacent to the extracted material. In addition, the reprinted material must include a copyright notice in the following format: "Copyright 2008 Underwriters Laboratories Inc." The source of the information of this section is the UL online certification Directory, http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/template/LISEXT/1FRAME/showpage.html?name=EOVK.GuideInfo &ccnshorttitle=Transformer+Fluids&objid=1074233347&cfgid=1073741824&version=versionless&parent_ id=1073986320&sequence=1 on March 25, 2011. Copyright Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

appendix 5
27

2011 Code Options for the Installation of Listed Less-Flammable Liquid-Filled Transformers

2011 Cooper US, Inc. All Rights Reserved. National Electrical Code and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA. Underwriters Laboratories and UL are registered trademarks of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. IEEE Std 979 and IEEE Std C57.12.00 standards are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., (IEEE). This publication/ product is not endorsed or approved by the IEEE. IEEE is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 561 is a trademark of Dow Corning Corp. Midel is a registered trademark of M&I Material Ltd. Alpha-1 is a trademark of DSI Ventures, Inc. Beta is a registered trademark of DSI Ventures, Inc. Diala is a registered trademark of Shell BIOTEMP is a registered trademark of ABB Inc. All Cooper logos, Cooper Power Systems, Envirotemp and FR3 are valuable trademarks of Cooper US, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. You are not permitted to use the Cooper Trademarks without the prior written consent of Cooper US, Inc.

Dielectric Fluids Products 2300 Badger Drive Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188 www.cooperpower.com