GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170908

Semester – VII
Subject Name: Switchgear and Protection

Type of course: Professional Core Course

Prerequisite: Power System – I

Power System – II

Rationale: An electrical power system consists of generators, transformers, and transmission and distribution
lines. In the case of an event of a fault, an automatic protective scheme comprising of circuit breakers and
protective relays isolate the faulty section protecting the healthy part of the system. The safety of equipment
and human beings is the major concern for every protection scheme. Moreover, students must develop skills
for operating various controls and switchgear in the power system. They are also required to carry out
remedial measures for faults/abnormalities in machines/equipment in the power system using appropriate
diagnostic instruments/devices. This course attempts to develop these skills in students and hence it is a core
course for all electrical engineers.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total Marks

L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks
ESE (E) PA (M) ESE (V) PA (I)
4 0 2 5 70 30 30 20 150

Sr. Content Total

No. Hrs
1 Fundamentals of Power System Protection:

Introduction to Protective Relaying, Function of the Protective Relaying, Faults and

Abnormal Operating Conditions, Desirable Qualities and Terms of Protective Relaying,
System Transducers, Basic Tripping Mechanism of a relay, Types and operating principles 06
of various protective relays, Simple Differential Protection, Zone of Protection and Actual
Behavior of Simple Differential Protection, Percentage Differential Protection, Earth
Leakage Protection [1, 3, 4].

2 Overcurrent Protection of the Transmission Line:

Introduction, Thermal Relays, Over Current Relays, Types of Relay Characteristics, 05

Application of Definite Time & IDMT O.C. Relays for Protection of Feeder, Relay
Coordination, Directional Over Current Relay, Limitations of O.C. Relays [1].

3 Distance Protection of Transmission Line:

Introduction to Distance Protection, Types of Distance Relay, Impedance, Reactance, 07

MHO Relay, Performance of Distance Relay During Normal Load and Power Swing,
Effect of Arc Resistance on Reach of Distance Relays, Comparison of Distance Relays,
Distance Protection of Transmission line, Reasons for Inaccuracy of Distance Relay
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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170908

Reach, Three Step Protection, Trip contact configuration, 3-step protection of double end
fed lines [1].

4 Transformer Protection:

Faults and Abnormal Conditions in Transformer, Non-electrical Protection, Overcurrent 06

Protection, Earth Fault Protection, Inter-turn Protection, Differential Protection [4].

5 Bus-zone Protection:
05
Non-Unit Protection by Back-up Relays, Differential Protection of Busbars, External and
Internal Fault, Protection of Three-phase Busbars [1,4]

6 Generator Protection:

Various faults & abnormal operation conditions in a Generator, Stator & rotor faults, 06
Transverse differential protection of a Generator, Unbalanced loading, Over speeding,
Loss of excitation, Loss of prime mover [1].

7 Induction Motor Protection:

Various faults & abnormal operation conditions in an Induction Motor, Starting of 06

induction motor, Protection of small & large induction motor [2].

8 Current and Voltage Transformer:

Construction of Current Transformers, Difference Between CT Cores Used for

Measurement and those Used for Protective Relays, Calculation of CT Accuracy, Factors 05
to be Considered while Selecting a CT, Construction of Potential Transformer,
Specifications of Voltage Transformer, Capacitor Voltage Transformer.

9 Circuit Breaker:

Classification of switchgear and fields of application and relative merits. Theories of

current interruption, Energy balance and recovery rate theories, Air Circuit Breaker(ACB),
Air Blast Circuit Breaker (ABCB), Practical systems of arc quenching in oil circuit 07
breakers, Construction and operation of bulk oil, Minimum Oil Circuit Breakers, Recent
trends in H.V. Circuit Breakers, Sulphur Hexafluoride Circuit Breaker (SF6), Vacuum
Circuit Breaker (VCB), Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers, Miniature
Circuit Breakers, Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers [3].

10 Modern Trends in Power System Protection

03
Introduction to static and digital relays, Introduction to adaptive relays. [6]

Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory): (For PDDC only)

Distribution of Theory Marks

Page 2 of 5
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170908

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level

20 20 30 15 10 5

Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C:

Create and above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual
distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from the above table.

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Power System Protection –Y. G. Parithankar & S. R. Bhide, 2nd edition, PHI
2. Power System Protection and Switchgear by Badari Ram , D.N Viswakarma, TMH Publications
3. Power system protection and switchgear by Oza, Nair, Mehta, Makwana
4. Protection and switchgear, by Bhavesh Bhalja, R.P.Maheshwari, Nilesh hotani,1st edition, 2011,
Oxford Publication
5. Power System Protection and Switchgear –B. Ravindranath and M. Chander
6. Power System Protection & Switchgear by B. Ram, McGraw Hill
7. Power System Protection- Static Relays by T.S.M. Rao Tata McGraw Hill
8. Art and Science of Protective Relaying –Russel Masson

Course Outcomes:

S. No CO STATEMENT Bloom’s taxonomy Marks %

level weightage
CO1 Acquire the knowledge of various abnormal conditions Remember L1 , 15%
that could occur in electrical system and protective Understand L2,
relays Evaluate L5,
CO2 Knowledge of various conventional relays, their design Remember L1 , 25%
and latest developments Understand L2,
Evaluate L5,
CO3 Ability to understand and design various protective Remember L1 , 40%
devices in power system for protecting equipment and Understand L2,
personnel. Evaluate L5
Create L6
CO4 Knowledge of various types of instrument transformers, Remember L1 , 20%
circuit breakers with their design and constructional Understand L2,
details. Evaluate L5
Create L6

MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM

OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

CO’ s Program Outcomes (PO’s)

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170908

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12
CO1 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
CO2 3 1 3 2 2 1 2
CO3 1 3 3 2 1
CO4 2 2 1 1 1 1

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) : None

Suggestive List of Experiments:

1. To check performance/ study of a 3-Phase Differential Relay.

2. To check performance/ study of an over current Relay.
3. To check performance/ study of the Numerical Protection of induction motor.
4. To obtain the operating characteristics of an IDMT relay.
5. To study the operating characteristics of directional over current relay.
6. To check performance/ study of the operating characteristics of the transformer percentage
differential relay.
7. To study the magnetic inrush current in a transformer and its protection.
8. To study radial feeder protection using two overcurrent and one Earth fault relay.
9. To obtain and study the magnetization characteristic of CT.
10. To study the protection schemes for different abnormal conditions in an alternator.
11. To study Buchholz relay for transformer protection.
12. To study generalized block diagram of Numerical Relay

Design based Problems (DP)/ Open Ended Problem:

1. The students can be asked to collect the data of a small power system network. Then the student is
asked to design a complete protection scheme of the component of the power system like a feeder, a
transmission line, transformer, and a generator. The design should include the selection of circuit
breaker rating and the relay settings wherever applicable.

2. Students can study and verify various settings of a generator.

3. Students simulates various system and explore how to source impedance and fault location affect the
performance of protective relays.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170908

4. With appropriate simulation explain the selectivity of a protective relay.

5. Study and verify factors that will affect CT accuracy and corrective measures.

Major Equipments:

Electromechanical Relay, Static / Numerical Relay, Testing Panels, CT, PT, Timers, Circuit
Breakers.

List of Software/learning website:

- MATLAB
- PSCAD
- EMTP
- NPTEL https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101039/
- SWAYAM https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_ee80/preview

Page 5 of 5
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3170908 Date:03-01-2023
Subject Name:Switchgear And Protection
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) Explain zones of protection. Why adjacent zones are overlapped? 03
(b) Explain DMT and IDMT over current relay. 04
(c) What are the essential quantities of protective relaying? Explain them. 07

Q.2 (a) Explain the concept of current discrimination for the protection of radial 03
feeder.
(b) Draw a neat diagram of induction cup type relay and explain its operating 04
principle.
(c) Draw the block diagram of a numerical relay and explain it. 07
OR
(c) Explain TSM and PSM for IDMT relays. How relay operating time is 07
calculated?

Q.3 (a) State advantages and applications of distance relay. 03

(b) Explain MHO relay with its characteristics on R-X diagram 04
(c) Explain 3 stepped distance protection. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain in brief, how the percentage differential relay overcomes the 03
drawbacks of simple differential relay.
(b) Explain harmonic restrain relay. 04
(c) Explain the construction and working of Buchholz relay. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain possible busbar faults. 03

(b) Explain with a neat diagram frame leakage protection of busbar. 04
(c) Draw and explain Merz Price Protection of alternator stator winding. State 07
its advantages.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain induction motor protection against single phasing. 03
(b) Explain the negative sequence protection of alternator. 04
(c) List and explain the various abnormal operation conditions against which 07
a large induction motor has to be protected.

Q.5 (a) Discuss the difference between the measuring CT and protecting CT. 03
(b) Define the following terms related to current transformer. 04
i) Rated primary current
ii) Rated short time primary current
iii) Burden
iv) Ratio error
(c) Explain recovery rate theory and energy balance theory of arc interruption 07
in AC circuit breaker.
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain advantages and disadvantages of air blast circuit breaker? 03
1
(b) Write a technical note on: Dielectric properties of SF6 gas. 04
(c) Write a technical note on: Minimum Oil Circuit breaker 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3170908 Date: 27/06/2023
Subject Name: Switchgear And Protection
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) Define the reach, underreach, and overreach of the relay. 03
(b) Discuss various zones of protection for a modern power system and explain 04
the primary and backup protection.
(c) Explain with a neat diagram the working of the numerical relay. 07

Q.2 (a) Describe with a neat diagram the time-graded protection of a radial feeder. 03
(b) Discuss the time-current characteristics of an IDMT, normal inverse, very- 04
inverse, and extremely inverse overcurrent relays with their areas of
application.
(c) A radial feeder ABC is sectionalized into parts AB and BC. Part AB near the 07
source has a relay R2 and part BC at the far end has a relay R1. R1 is set to
100 % and R2 is set to 125 % plug setting. CT ratios for both relays are
600/1A. Determine the time of operation of both relays when a fault occurs at
the end of the feeder section BC. The fault current is 6000 A. The time
multiplying setting (TMS) of R1 is 0.2. Determine the TMS of R2. Both relays
follow the characteristics given below in Table 1. Consider the coordination
time interval (CTI) as 0.3 sec.
Table 1 PSM Vs Time of operation characteristic.
PSM 2 3.6 5 6.6 8 10 15
Time for TMS 10 6 3.9 3.5 3.15 2.8 2.2

OR
(c) Draw the phasor diagram for the 30° and 60° connection of a directional 07
overcurrent (OC) relay and explain the limitations of normal OC relay.

Q.3 (a) Describe the operation of 3–stepped distance protection. 03

(b) Explain the Mho and Offset Mho relay with a neat R-X characteristic. 04
(c) Discuss the following in brief with regard to the distance relay operation: 07
(a) Effect of arc resistance and (b) Effect of power swing.

OR
Q.3 (a) A 3 – phase transformer having a line voltage ratio of 440 V/11 kV, is 03
connected in star/delta. The protective transformers on the 440 V side have a
current ratio of 500/5 A. What should be the CT ratio on the 11 kV side?
(b) Write a short note on Buchholz relay. 04
(c) Explain the percentage differential relay's construction, working, and 07
operating characteristics.

1
Q.4 (a) Give the detail of various normal, abnormal, and faulty operating conditions 03
of an alternator.
(b) Explain the scheme for the detection of turn-to-turn faults for an alternator. 04
(c) Explain in brief the factors to be considered in the selection of the CT for 07
protection application.

OR
Q.4 (a) Classify various busbar protection schemes. 03
(b) Discuss the impact of CT saturation on busbar protection. 04
(c) Explain in detail with a neat diagram the application of reverse phasing 07
protection to an induction motor.

Q.5 (a) Discuss the phenomena of current chopping. 03

(b) Describe various types of ratings for circuit breakers. 04
(c) With a neat figure, explain the construction and working of an SF6 circuit 07
breaker including its advantages and disadvantages.

OR
Q.5 (a) Explain in brief the concept of adaptive protection. 03
(b) Calculate the RRRV of the 132 kV circuit breaker with neutral earthed. The 04
Short circuit data given as: the broken current is symmetrical, restriking
voltage has a frequency of 20 kHz, p.f. is 0.15. Assume fault is also earthed.
(c) Derive the expression for the restriking, RRRV, rate of rise of TRV, the 07
maximum value of RV, and maximum value of RRRV.

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3170908 Date:12-12-2023
Subject Name: Switchgear And Protection
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS

Q.1 (a) What are the merits and demerits of electromagnetic relays? 03
(b) Explain the basic connection of trip circuit. 04
(c) Explain the construction and working of an over current relay. 07

Q.2 (a) Define the following terms as applied to protective relays. 1. Burden 03
2. Pick-up 3. Reach
(b) With neat sketch explain the ring main protection. 04
(c) Explain directional over current relay with neat sketch. Also draw the 07
phasor diagram for 30˚, 60˚ and 90˚ connection.
OR
(c) Explain the method of protecting bus-bars using differential relaying. 07

Q.3 (a) With neat sketch explain harmonic restraint. 03

(b) Discuss Bus Zone protection 04
(c) Draw the single line diagram of differential bus protection and explain 07
the same. What are its limitations? How can they be overcome?
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain “under reach” and “over reach” of distance relay. 03
(b) Discuss the reverse power protection of generator. 04
(c) Discuss the Buchholz relay for the power transformer protection. 07

Q.4 (a) Discuss the following term relation to circuit breaking: 03

(1) Rated Breaking Capacity (2) Rated Making Capacity (3) Rated
Operating Duty

(b) Discuss the energy balance theory of arc interruption in circuit breaker. 04
(c) Explain with neat sketch the power line carries current protection. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain following motor protection for the fault against (1) Overload (2) 03
Unbalanced supply voltages including single phasing.
(b) Write note on microprocessor based over current relay. 04
(c) Explain stator inter-turn fault protection for generator. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain Auto reclosing. 03

(b) Explain resistance switching. 04
(c) With the help of a block diagram, explain the organization of a 07
numerical relay.

OR
1
Q.5 (a) What is the different between measuring CT and protection CT? 03
(b) Explain: (1) Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Breaking Capacity of C.B. 04
(2) Rated Making capacity of circuit breaker.
(c) Discuss the operating principle of SF6 circuit breaker and what its 07
advantages is over other circuit breaker.

*************

2
Enrolment No./Seat No_____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code:3170908 Date:24-05-2024
Subject Name:Switchgear And Protection
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks

Q.1 (a) Define “Zones of protection”? Draw the block diagram of protective zones. 03
(b) Draw a “Trip Circuit” including CT, relay, battery, CB and explain briefly. 04
(c) Explain three stepped distance protection of transmission line. 07

Q.2 (a) “Reach of over current relay varies with source impedance”. Why? 03
(b) Explain TMS and PSM for IDMT relays. 04
(c) Explain the various characteristics of over current relays. 07
OR
(c) What are the incipient faults? Discuss The protection provided in 07
transformers for such faults.

Q.3 (a) “Percentage differential relay overcomes the drawbacks of simple 03

differential relay”. How?
(b) Discuss effect of power swing on distance relays using R-X diagram. 04
(c) Explain mho relay showing its characteristics on R-X diagram. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) List various types of faults and abnormal conditions in transformers. 03
(b) Explain harmonic restrain relay. 04
(c) Describe the percentage differential protective scheme for transformer. 07

Q.4 (a) Compare non unit protection with unit protection. 03

(b) Describe protection against loss of excitation in generator briefly. 04
(c) Explain the protection scheme for stator inter-turn faults of a generator. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Define : (i) CT Burden, (ii) CT ratio error, (iii) CT phase angle error 03
(b) Explain induction motor protection against single phasing. 04
(c) Explain the capacitor voltage transformer with CVT circuit diagram. 07

Q.5 (a) Define: (i) Re-striking voltage (ii) Recovery voltage (iii) RRRV. 03
(b) Explain energy balance theory of arc interruption in a.c. circuit breaker. 04
(c) Describe SF6 Circuit Breaker with a neat sketch, 07
OR
Q.5 (a) What do you know by term “adaptive relaying”? Explain. 03
(b) Discuss the various high resistance arc interruption methods. 04
(c) Draw and explain the general block diagram of numerical relay. 07

1
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
B.E. 7th SEMESTER

Type of course: Engineering Science (Electrical)

Prerequisite: Basic understanding of power system.

Rationale: Ultimatum of electrical energy is swelling day by day due to upgrading in the life style of the
societies of the countries in broad-spectrum. On the other hand, dynamics of power system and it control
is becomes a more and more complicated due to increasing in power system complexity. Under this
scenario, this syllabus includes various types of stability issues with its improving techniques. This
subject is main source for research point of view as a further studies of electrical engineer. With this
context, this subject deals with the fundamentals for dynamics of power system and it control of the power
system.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total

L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE (E) PA (M) ESE (V) PA (I)
3 0 2 4 70 30 30 20 150

Content:

Sr. Content Total

No. Hrs
1. Basic Concepts and Review of Classical Methods 7

1.1 General
1.2 Power System Stability
1.3 States of Operation and System Security - A Review
1.4 System Dynamic Problems - Current Status and Recent Trends
1.5 System Model
1.6 Some Mathematical Preliminaries [3, 4]
1.7 Analysis of Steady State Stability
1.8 Analysis of Transient Stability
1.9 Simplified Representation of Excitation Control

2. Modelling of Synchronous Machine 12

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Synchronous Machine
2.3 Park's Transformation
2.4 Analysis of Steady State Performance
2.5 Per Unit Quantities
2.6 Equivalent Circuits of Synchronous Machine
2.7 Determination of Parameters of Equivalent Circuits
2.8 Measurements for Obtaining Data
2.9 Transient Analysis of a Synchronous Machine

Page 1 of 4
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
3. Excitation and Prime Mover Controllers 9

3.1 Excitation System

3.2 Excitation System Modelling
3.3 Excitation Systems- Standard Block Diagram
3.4 System Representation by State Equations
3.5 Prime-Mover Control System
3.6 Examples

4 Transmission Lines, SVC and Loads 7

4.1 Transmission Lines

4.2 D-Q Transformation using α - β Variables
4.3 Loads

5. Dynamics of a Synchronous Generator Connected to Infinite Bus 10

6.1 System Model

6.2 Synchronous Machine Model
6.3 Application of Model 1.1
6.4 Calculation of Initial Conditions
6.5 System Simulation
6.6 Consideration of other Machine Models

Total 45
Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks (%)

R Level U Level A Level N E Level Total
Level
20 25 10 30 15 100

Legends: R: Remembrance; U= Understanding; A= Application; N= Analyze; E= Evaluate

NOTE:
This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual
distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

[1] K.R.Padiyar, “Power System Dynamics, Stability & Control”, BS Publications, Hyderabad - 500 095
- AP., Second Edition, 2008.
[2] P. Kundur, “Power system stability and control”, McGraw Hill Inc, New York, 1995.
[3] P.M. Anderson and A.A.Fouad, “Power System Control and Stability”, Galgotia Publications, New
Delhi, 2003 or P.M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, “Power system control and stability”, IEEE Press
[4] R. Ramanujam, “Power Systems Dynamics”- PHI Publications.
[5] M.A.Pai and W.Sauer, “Power System Dynamics and Stability”, Pearson Education Asia, India,
2002.
[6] I.J. Nagrath, D.P. Kothari, “Modern Power System Analysis”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., New Delhi, 1994.

Page 2 of 4
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
[7] B.R. Gupta, “Power system operation and control”, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi. Edition: 1.
Year: 2012.
[8] A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni , P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar, “Power system engineering”, Dhanpat Rai &
Co., New Delhi, 2009
[9] NPTEL for Power system dynamics and control
(https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101004/ )

Course Outcome:

After learning the course the students should be able to:

 Understand the fundamental dynamic behavior of power systems to perform basic stability issues.
 Acquire fundamental knowledge about modelling of synchronous machines.
 Recognize the dynamic performance of power systems.
 Familiarize with the power system stability and controls.
 Realize about the impact of dynamics in power system.

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101004/
 https://a-lab.ee/projects/dq0-dynamics
 For open MATLAB source on Dynamic studies refer-
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1490569

SOFTWARE:

 MATLAB
 ETAP
 Power world simulator
 PSAT (MATLAB open source)
 SCILAB (http://old.cloud.scilab.in/)

List of the practical:

(1) Study of basic element of power system and its control.

(2) Basic study about stability issues in power system (with any one real problem)
(3) Frequency control
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (15. Power system operation and control B.R. Gupta) (Ch-5 Frequency
control)
(4) Reactive power control
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (15. Power system operation and control B.R. Gupta) (Ch-6 Reactive power
control)
(5) System stability and finding critical load angle
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (13. Power system analysis and design B.R. Gupta) (Example -13.7) or Ch.
12.7 & 12.9
(6) Voltage stability
Page 3 of 4
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (12. Modern power system analysis, D. P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath)
(Example -17.1 & 17.2)
(7) Define steady state power limit
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (12. Modern power system analysis, D. P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath)
(Example -12.2)
(8) Maximum power transfer and stability margin
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (14. Power system engineering, S. Chakraborty, Gupta and Bhatnagar)
(Example -17.4)
(9) Multi-machine stability
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (5. Element of power system analysis, Stevenson) (ch-14 power system
stability) (Example -14.9)
(10) To study mathematical modeling of R-L, R-L-C and complex electrical circuit using MATLAB.
(11) To study mathematical modeling of 3rd order differential equation.
(12) To solve differential equations using Euler’s and trapezoidal rule.
(13) To observe variable of rotor angle and to find critical clearing time when fault occurs at:
(a) Sending end of the line (b) Mid-point of the line (c) When the fault at mid-point is cleared by removing
the faulty line of SMIB system
(14) To study short circuit analysis of overhead transmission line using MATLAB.
(15) To study and determine fault current for short circuit analysis using ETAP software.
(16) Find the steady state stability limit of delivered power.
(17) Compute the equivalent circuit parameters using (a) exact calculation and (b) approximate method.
(18) Calculate the equivalent circuit parameters for the d-axis using (a) standard method (b) Exact method
with the assumption Xc = Xau (c) Exact method
(19) Obtain the response of the excitation system.
(20) Find the initial conditions.
(21) Obtain the hybrid parameters for the two port network.
(22) Simulate the system response for the following conditions (a) Step increase in Vref by 0.1 pu (b) Step
increase in Tm by 0.1 pu (c) Step increase in Eb by 0.1 pu.

Page 4 of 4
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3170915 Date:07-01-2023
Subject Name:Power System Dynamics and Control
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks
Q.1 (a) What is the main purpose of the power system dynamics study? 03
(b) Differentiate between steady state and transient stability of power system 04
network.
(c) Derive the swing equation of a single generator connected to infinite bus 07
in per unit form.

Q.2 (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a three phase synchronous generator. 03
(b) Explain polynomial representation of static load. 04
(c) A generator is connected to an infinite bus through an external impedance 07
of jXe. The generator is represented by a voltage source Eg∠δ in series
with a reactance Xg. If Eg=Eb (infinite bus voltage)=1.0, Xe = -0.5, Xg =
0.3 (all in p.u), for Pb =1.0 p.u, find the equilibrium value of δ, in the range
of (-π, π). Test their stability (Pb is the received power at the infinite bus).
Assume infinite bus angle as zero.
OR
(c) Explain general model for speed governor for steam turbine using neat 07
block diagram.

Q.3 (a) What is the basic function of power system stabilizer? 03

(b) Write the assumptions made in classical model of the synchronous 04
generator in steady state stability analysis.
(c) With the help of a neat block diagram, explain different operating states 07
of a typical power system network.
OR
Q.3 (a) What are the assumptions made in derivation of the basic equation of a 03
synchronous machine?
(b) Express the stator voltage equation in dq-axis. 04
(c) Briefly describe Park’s transformation and explain its importance in 07
power system modeling and analysis.
Q.4 (a) What are the types of excitation systems? 03
(b) Explain power invariant form of park’s transformation. 04
(c) Draw general functional block diagram of an excitation control system and 07
explain the function of each block.

1
 OR
Q.4 (a) What are the basic functions of excitation system? 03
(b) List various models of synchronous machine based on the windings used 04
in dq-axis.
(c) Explain transmission line modeling by D-Q transformation using α-β 07
variables.
Q.5 (a) Write the advantages of using per unit system for modelling of 03
synchronous machine.
(b) Explain modelling of transmission network using π equivalent circuit. 04

Explain the equal area criterion for single machine infinite bus system with
(c) 07
the help of power angle curves. State the assumptions used in applying
equal area criterion.
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss with reasons: Load are modelled as constant impedance in 03
stability studies.
(b) Briefly discuss short circuit tests of synchronous machine. 04

(c) Explain the steps for calculating initial conditions of a synchronous 07

generator with phasor diagram.

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3170915 Date: 30/06/2023
Subject Name: Power System Dynamics and Control
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define power system stabilizer. 03
(b) Explain in the types of load models used in power system 04
analysis. the transformation matrix used and corresponding
(c) Mention 07
assumptions for Park’s transformation. Describe the significance
of Park’s transformation.
Q.2 (a) Draw the systematic diagram for 3-phase synchronous machine. 03
(b) Explain three- Damper wiring model with figure. 04
(c) Give a classification of load models used in power system 07
analysis. Briefly explain any one load model in detail.
OR
(c) Draw general functional block diagram of an excitation control 07
system andexplain the function of each block.

Q.3 (a) What is meant by speed governing system? 03

(b) State basic assumptions made in steady state analysis of an 04
alternator
(c) Briefly describe the phenomenon of Sub-Synchronous 07
Resonance. Describeany two techniques for SSR mitigation.
OR
Q.3 (a) Briefly explain the procedure of small signal analysis 03
(b) Define the Classification of stability and Explain any one in details. 04
(c) What is voltage stability? Explain with neat diagrams. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain classification of Bracking. 03

(b) Using Part transformation derive voltage equation of synchronous 04
machine.
(c) Explain transmission line modeling by D-Q transformation using α- 07
β variables.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain excitation system. 03
(b) Explain three- Damper wiring model with figure. 04
(c) Briefly explain : Discrete Control of HVDC Links. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain application of Model 1.1. 03

(b) Why load is consider as a constant impedance model? 04
(c) Compare voltage and angle stability. How to carry out integrated 07
analysis of the same.
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain classification of Bracking. 03
(b) Explain any one method for analysis of voltage instability. 04
1
(c) Briefly explain: Dynamic Braking. 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3170915 Date:16-12-2023
Subject Name: Power System Dynamics and Control
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) What is meant by speed governing system? 03
(b) State basic assumptions made in steady state analysis of an alternator. 04
(c) Briefly describe Park’s transformation and explain its importance in power 07
system modeling and analysis

Q.2 (a) Draw the systematic diagram for 3phase synchronous machine. 03
(b) Define Per unit Stator Voltage Equation. 04
(c) Mention the names of load models used in dynamic analysis. Describe any 07
two of them in detail
OR
(c) Draw and explain the functional block diagram of excitation control 07
system.

Q.3 (a) Describe the damping torque analysis. 03

(b) Explain Field Shorting Circuit. 04
(c) What is Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR)? Explain any one SSR 07
mitigation technique.
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain Surge Impedance Loading. 03
(b) Explain Under excitation Limiter. 04
(c) Briefly explain synchronizing and damping torque analysis. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain Single Pole Switching. 03

(b) Explain PID Governor. 04
(c) Briefly describe voltage instability with the help of a PV diagram. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Mention the common assumptions in transient analysis of a multi-machine 03
system.
(b) Explain the Mechanical hydraulic control system. 04
(c) Draw the control characteristic and briefly explain the Static Var 07
Compensator.

Q.5 (a) Explain Reactor Switching. 03

(b) Explain any one model of the steam turbine 04
(c) Explain the transient stability improvement by series compensation. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Briefly explain the procedure of small signal analysis. 03
(b) Explain PV and QV curves with neat diagrams. 04
(c) What is PSS? Explain with neat block diagram. 07
*************

1
Enrolment No./Seat No_____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code:3170915 Date:30-05-2024
Subject Name:Power System Dynamics and Control
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) What do you mean by power system dynamics? State the advantages of power 03
system dynamic analysis.
(b) Discuss the role of Damper winding in synchronous generators’ performance 04
analysis.
(c) Draw and explain the equivalent circuit of a salient pole synchronous 07
generator. Also, explain various time constants of the equivalent circuit.

Q.2 (a) Give the classification of power system stability studies and briefly explain the 03
voltage stability analysis.
(b) Explain the necessary assumptions made in the classical model of the 04
synchronous generator for steady-state stability analysis.
(c) Analyze the power system steady-state stability and discuss the concept of 07
eigenvalue.
OR
(c) With the help of a neat and clean block diagram, explain the different operating 07
states of a typical power system network.

Q.3 (a) What is Park’s transformation? Discuss the advantages of this transformation. 03
(b) Define transient stability and explain the need for transient stability analysis of 04
a power system network.
(c) Define per unit system and obtain the per unit values of a power system 07
network components from their rated values.
OR
Q.3 (a) Why the excitation system is required? Give the classification of excitation 03
systems.
(b) Analyze the synchronizing and damping torque without an automatic voltage 04
regulator (AVR).
(c) Draw a general functional block diagram of an excitation control system and 07
explain the function of each block.

Q.4 (a) Enlist and differentiate the generator models suggested by the IEEE Task Force 03
report published in 1986.
(b) What are the various data required for synchronous machines? Discuss the tests 04
performed on synchronous machines to obtain such data.
(c) Discuss in detail the application of synchronous generator Model 1.1 as 07
suggested by the IEEE Task Force.
OR
1
Q.4 (a) What is the compensation of a transmission line? Which compensation (series 03
or shunt) is suitable for a transmission line? Justify your answer.
(b) List the methods of static VAR compensations (SVCs). Explain to anyone in 04
detail.
(c) Discuss in detail the control characteristic of SVC. 07

Q.5 (a) What is a Power System Stabilizer (PSS)? Discuss the need for using PSS for 03
dynamic studies.
(b) Discuss in detail the use of HVDC links and static VAR controllers (SVCs) for 04
power system stabilization.
(c) Explain transmission line modelling by D-Q transformation using α-β 07
variables.
OR
Q.5 (a) Why load is considered as a constant impedance model? 03
(b) Explain polynomial and exponential representation of static load. 04
(c) Explain in detail any two sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) mitigation 07
techniques.

****************

2
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170917
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
B.E. 7thSEMESTER

Type of course: Professional Core Course (Electrical)

Prerequisite: Not applicable

Rationale: Electrical power transmission is trending towards higher and higher voltages. Under such
scenario, the conceptual understanding related to insulation, testing the HV devices is must for every
electrical engineer. The subject deals with HV test generating devices, measurement devices, over
voltages including lightning and non-destructive testing as well.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total

L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE (E) PA (M) ESE (V) PA (I)
3 0 2 4 70 30 30 20 150

Content:
Sr. Content Total
No. Hrs
1. Electrostatic fields and field stress control: 02

Electrical field distribution and breakdown strength of insulating materials - fields in

homogeneous, isotropic materials - fields in multi-dielectric, isotropic materials.

2. Numerical analysis of electrical fields in high voltage equipment: 04

numerical methods - Charge simulation method (CSM), Finite Difference Method (FDM),
Finite Element Method (FEM), The boundary-element method, Comparative summary,
Formulation of the finite-element equations in two and three dimensions - Forming the
functional equation, The energy functional illustrated, Numerical representation.

3. Electrical breakdown in gases: 05

Gases as insulating media - ionization and decay processes, Townsend first ionization
coefficient, photo ionization, ionization by interaction of metastable with atoms, thermal
ionization, deionization by recombination, deionization by attachment–negative ion formation,
examples - cathode processes – secondary effects, photoelectric emission, electron emission
by positive ion and excited atom impact, thermionic emission, field emission, Townsend
second ionization coefficient, secondary electron emission by photon impact, examples -
transition from non-self-sustained discharges to breakdown, the Townsend mechanism,
examples - the streamer or ‘kanal’ mechanism of spark, examples - the sparking voltage–
Paschen’s law, penning effect.

4. Breakdown in liquid and solid dielectrics: 07

Liquid as insulators, breakdown in liquids - electronic breakdown, suspended solid particle

mechanism, cavity breakdown, examples - static electrification in power transformers,

Page 1 of 5
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170917
transformer oil filtration, transformer oil test, alternative liquid insulations like vegetable oils,
esters and silicon oils - breakdown in solids, intrinsic breakdown,
streamer breakdown, electromechanical breakdown, edge breakdown and treeing, thermal
breakdown, erosion breakdown, tracking - breakdown of solid dielectrics in practice,
partial discharges in solid insulation.

5. Generation of high voltages: 07

Generation of high direct voltages, half and full wave rectifier circuits, voltage multiplier
circuits, Van de Graff generators, electrostatic generators, examples - generation of
alternating voltages, testing transformers, cascaded transformers, resonant transformers,
examples - impulse voltages, Standard lightning and switching surge and associated
parameters and their corrections, design and construction of impulse voltage generator
circuits, Marx circuit, operation, examples - impulse current generator.

6. Measurement of high voltages: 06

High direct voltage measurement, peak voltage measurements by spark gaps, sphere gaps,
reference measuring systems, uniform field gaps, rod gaps, factors affecting sphere gap
measurements, examples - electrostatic voltmeters - ammeter in series with high ohmic
resistors and high ohmic resistor voltage dividers - generating voltmeters and field sensors -
the measurement of peak voltages, the Chubb–Fortescue method, high- voltage capacitors for
measuring circuits - voltage dividing systems and impulse voltage measurements. Numericals

7. Over voltages, and insulation coordination: 04

The lightning mechanism, energy in lightning, nature of danger - examples - insulation

coordination, insulation level, statistical approach to insulation coordination, correlation
between insulation and protection levels.

8. Non-destructive test techniques: 05

Insulation:
Measurement of d.c. resistivity - dielectric loss and capacitance measurements, the Schering
bridge, current comparator bridges, Tan Delta measurement, Partial-discharge (PD)
measurements - the basic PD test circuit, Dissolved gas analysis - Key gas method, Duval's
triangle.

Machine winding:
Frequency Response Analysis Method (FRA)- Introduction, Sweep Frequency Response
Analysis (SFRA), procedure, methods of interpretation of signature.

9. High voltage testing: 05

Testing of insulators and bushings, testing of isolators and circuit breakers Testing of cables,
testing of transformers - testing of surge diverters
Note:
1. 10%-20% weightage should be given to the Examples and Short/Multiple choice questions.
2. The institutes which does not have proper High Voltage Laboratory are advised to visit
nearby High Voltage laboratory

Page 2 of 5
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170917
Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory
Marks
R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level
20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 0%

Legends:R:Remembrance;U:Understanding;A:Application,N:AnalyzeandE:EvaluateC:Createa
ndabove Levels (Revised Bloom’sTaxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The
actual distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

1. Kuffel,E.,ZaenglW.S.,KuffelJ.,“HighVoltageEngineering:Fundamentals”Butterworth-
Heinmann (A division of Reed Educational & Profession Publishing Limited), 2nd Edition,
2000.
2. Naidu M. S. and Kamaraju V., “High Voltage Engineering”, fourth Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi,2009.
3. Rakosh Das Begamudre, “High Voltage Engineering, Problems and Solutions”, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi,2010.
4. Dieter Kind, Kurt Feser, “High Voltage Test Techniques”, Reed educational and professional
publishing ltd. (Indian edition), NewDelhi-2001
5. M. Khalifa, "High Voltage Engineering-Theory and Practice", Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York
and Basel,1990.
6. Hugh M. Ryan, “High Voltage Engineering and Testing”, 2nd edition, The Institution of
Electrical Engineers, London, United Kingdom,2001.
7. Wadhwa C.L., "High Voltage Engineering", third edition, New Age publishers, New
Delhi,2010.
8. A. Haddad, D. Warne, "Advances in High Voltage Engineering", IET Power and Energy,
Series 40, 2007.
9. Sivaji Chakravorti, Debangshu Dey, BiswenduChatterjee,"Recent Trends in the Condition
Monitoring of Transformers",Springer, 2013.
10. Alston L L, High Voltage Technology, Oxford University Press, 2008.

Course Outcome:

After learning the course, the students should be able to

1. Apply numerical methods for engineering problem. (Applying)
2. Recall breakdown mechanism for dielectric materials in solid, liquid and gaseous state.
(Remembering)
3. Classify insulation test techniques. (Understanding)
4. Examine methods for generation of test high voltage and as well for its measurement.
(Analyzing).
5. Conclude about correctness of design and manufacturing of high voltage insulations after
performing tests.(Evaluate)
List of Experiments:

1. Testing of transformer oil according toIS:6792

Page 3 of 5
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170917
2. Testing of solid insulation with tapeelectrodes
3. Generation of High D.C. Voltages and measurement through spheregaps
4. Generation of High A. C. voltages and measurement through spheregaps
5. Generation of High A. C. voltages through cascadedtransformers
6. Impulse voltage generation through Marxgenerator
7. Impulse voltage generation thoughsimulation
8. Trace the field through electrolytictank
9. Generation and visualization of corona in coronacage
10. Capacitance and loss factormeasurement
11. A report on visit to high voltage laboratory

Note: At least eight practicals shall be performed depending on availability of the equipment.

Design based Problems (DP)/Open Ended Problem:

1. Design of impulse generator with various combination of wave shaping resistor andcapacitor
2. Design of CW type voltage multiplier with variousstages
3. Design of teslacoil
4. Design of Generatingvoltmeter
These problems may be done on paper by hand and/or using some simulation software.

Major Equipment:

1. Multi stage Impulse voltagegenerator

2. Multi stage Impulse currentgenerator
3. High voltage AC and DC generating source (Min 100kV)
4. Partial Discharge Measurement setup
5. Coronasetup
6. Electrostaticgenerator
7. Cascadetransformer
8. ResonantTransformer
9. Two to three sets of sphere gap assembly of variousdiameters
10. Faradaycage
11. Oil testkit
12. Solid insulation testkit
13. Scheringbridge
14. DC resistivity measurement testkit
15. Surface resistance measurement testkit
16. Paschen’s law testkit

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

Open source software:

1. Finite Element Method Magnetics FEMM

2. LTSpice for circuitsimulation,
3. KiCAD for CADapplication

Web-based tools for design:

Page 4 of 5
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170917
1. http://www.fairchildsemi.com/support/design-tools/power-supply-webdesigner/

2. http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/analog/webench/overview.page

Circuit Lab:

1. https://www.circuitlab.com/editor/

Open source Math Tools:

1. http://maxima.sourceforge.net/
2. http://www.sagemath.org/
3. http://www.scilab.org/
4. http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/

Online Experiment Portal

1.http://vlab-ee1.iitkgp.ernet.in

Learning website

1. http://www.electrical-engineering-portal.com/
2. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses.php
Standards
1. “IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing”, 6th edition, IEEE Std.4-1978.
2. “High-voltagetesttechniques,Part1:Generaldefinitionsandtestrequirements”,IEC60060-1,1989.
3. “High Voltage Test Techniques, Part 2: Measuring Systems”, IEC Publication 60060-2,1994.
4. “High Voltage Test Techniques, Part 3: Measuring Devices”, IEC Publication 60060-3,1976.
5. “High Voltage Test Techniques, Part 4: Application Guide for Measuring Devices”, 1st
ed., IEC Publication 60060-4,1977.
6. IndianStandardspecificationsforHighVoltagetesttechniques”,BureauofIndianStandard,IS
2071, New Delhi,1991.
7. "IEEE Standard for High Voltage Switchgear (Above 1000 V) Test Techniques - Partial
Discharge Measurements" - IEEE Std. C37.301 - 2009.
8. "IEEE guide for the application and interpretation of Frequency Response Analysis for
Oil-Immersed Transformers" - IEEE Std. C57.149 - 2012.
9. "Mechanical Condition Assessment of Transformer Windings Using Frequency
Response Analysis (FRA)" - CIGRE report by working group A2.26, April 2008.
10. "Power Transformers - Part 18: Measurement of frequency response" - IEC60076-18,
2012.
11. "Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service - Guidance on the interpretation of
dissolved and free gases analysis" -IEC 60599 - 2015.
12. "IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Mineral Oil-Immersed
Transformers" - C57.104-2019.

Page 5 of 5
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3170917 Date:10-01-2023
Subject Name:High Voltage Engineering
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) List out different methods of calculation of electric field and list out 03
advantage and disadvantages of Finite Difference Method (FDM).
(b) Apply Townsend’s Law to derive it’s first ionization coefficients with 04
their characteristics.
(c) Analyze Electronegative gases & Discuss the criteria for its 07
breakdown.

Q.2 (a) What is difference between Commercial Liquid and pure Liquid? 03
(b) Explain purification and breakdown tests for Liquid Dielectric. 04
(c) Enlist different theories of breakdown in commercial liquids and explain 07
any one of them.
OR
(c) Explain solid breakdown due to treeing & tracking. 07

Q.3 (a) Describe with a neat sketch the working of a Van de Graff generator. 03
(b) Develop Marx circuit for multistage impulse generators. 04
(c) Construct the three stage cascade connection of transformers for 07
producing very high A.C voltages
OR
Q.3 (a) How a sphere gap can be used to measure the peak value of voltages. 03
What are the factors that influence such voltage measurements?
(b) Explain with neat diagram the principles of operations of an 04
electrostatic voltmeter. Discuss its advantages and Limitations for high
voltage measurements.
(c) Explain capacitance voltage transformer with its schematic 07
representation, Equivalent circuit & Phasor diagram.

Q.4 (a) Discuss factors affecting breakdown of gases. 03

(b) Discuss H.V testing of overhead line insulator. 04
(c) What is meant by insulation co-ordination? How are the protective 07
devices chosen for optimal insulation level in power system?
OR
Q.4 (a) Give comparison between uniform and non-uniform field. 03
(b) Explain briefly impulse testing of power transformer. 04
(c) Explain the lightning mechanism including stepped leader stroke and 07
power return stroke with appropriate diagram.

Q.5 (a) What is the principle of operation of a resonant transformer? List out its 03
advantage and disadvantages.

1
 (b) Explain properties of transformer oil. 04
(c) A ten stage Cockcroft-Walton circuit has all capacitors of 0.06 μF. The 07
secondary voltage of the supply transformer is 100 kV at a frequency
of 150 Hz. If the load current is 1mA determine:
1.Voltage Regulation,
2.The Ripple,
3. The optimum number of stages for maximum output voltage
OR
Q.5 (a) What are the different methods of high DC voltage Measurement? 03
Explain generating voltmeter method in detail.
(b) Discuss high voltage Schering bridge. 04
(c) A 12-stage impulse generator has 0.126 μF capacitors. The wave front 07
and the wave tail resistances connected are 800 Ω and 5000 Ω
respectively. If the load capacitor is 1000 pF, find the front and tail
times of the impulse wave produced.

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3170917 Date: 26/06/2023
Subject Name: High Voltage Engineering
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) What is time-lag? Discuss its components 03
(b) Discuss the factors which affects the components of time lag. 04
(c) What is Finite Element Method for evaluation of field distribution? 07
Discuss the procedure associated with this method and discuss its
advantages and limitations.

Q.2 (a) Define Townsend’s first and second ionization coefficients 03

(b) Explain the Townsends criterion for a spark. 04
(c) Discuss various criteria suggested by researchers for transition from 07
avalanche to streamer.
OR
Q.2 (c) State and explain Paschen’s law. Derive expression for (pd)min and Vbmin. 07
Assume A = 12, B = 365 and γ = 0.02 for air. Determine (pd)min and Vbmin.

Q.3 (a) Discuss its advantages and disadvantages of series parallel resonant circuit. 03
(b) Compare the performance of half wave rectifier and voltage doubler 04
circuits for generation of high d.c. voltages.
(c) Explain with neat sketches Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit.
Explain clearly its operation when the circuit is (i) unloaded (ii) loaded.
OR
Q.3 (a) Define the terms (i) Impulse voltages; (ii) Chopped wave; (iii) Impulse 03
flash over voltage
(b) Draw two simplified impulse generator circuits. 04
(c) Describe the construction, principle of operation and application of a 07
multistage Marx's Surge Generator

Q.4 (a) What are the requirements of a sphere gap for measurement of high 03
voltages?
(b) Discuss the disadvantages of sphere gap for measurements of high 04
voltages.
(c) Explain with neat diagram how rod gaps can be used for measurement of 07
high voltages. Compare its performance with a sphere gap.
OR
Q.4 (a) Draw a simplified equivalent circuit of a resistance potential divider. 03
(b) What are the problems associated with measurement of very high impulse 04
voltages?
(c) Discuss and compare the performance of (i) resistance (ii) capacitance 07
potential dividers for measurement of impulse voltages.

1
Q.5 (a) What are partial discharges? Differentiate between internal and external 03
discharges.
(b) Write a short note on the cable sample preparation before it is subjected to 04
various tests.
(c) Describe various tests to be carried out on a circuit breaker. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain clearly how the rating of a lightning arrester is selected. 03
(b) What are BILS? Explain their significance in power system studies. 04
(c) Draw a neat diagram of high voltage Schering bridge and analyse it for 07
balanced condition. Draw its phasor diagram. Assume (i) Series equivalent
(ii) Parallel equivalent representation of the insulating material.

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3170917 Date:08-12-2023
Subject Name: High Voltage Engineering
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS

Q.1 (a) Define the terms: breakdown, ionization, and homogeneous field. 03
(b) Explain treeing and tracking related to solid breakdown. 04
(c) Describe the working of a Van de Graff generator with a neat sketch. 07

Q.2 (a) Explain with diagrams, full wave rectifier circuit for producing high 03
d.c.voltages.
(b) Draw and explain Marx circuit and modified Marx Circuit of multistage 04
impulse generator.
(c) What is paschen’s law? Explain minimum voltage for breakdown 07
under a given pd condition.
OR
(c) Explain how a sphere gap can be used to measure the peak value of 07
voltages. What are the parameters and factors that influence such voltage
measurement?

Q.3 (a) Draw & Discuss Equivalent circuit of partial discharge. 03

(b) Explain particle exchange mechanism for vacuum breakdown. 04
(c) Explain capacitance voltage Transformer with its schematic 07
representation, Equivalent circuit and its phasor diagram.
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss post breakdown phenomenon. 03
(b) What are the commercial liquids? Explain purification test cell system 04
relatedto liquids.
(c) Explain electrostatic voltmeter in brief. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain front and tail times of an impulse wave with neat sketch. 03
(b) How Potential Divider method used for measurement of high voltage 04
DC with its limitations.
(c) Discuss the modified Marx circuit and components used in it, for 07
generating an impulse wave.
OR
Q.4 (a) Draw block diagram of Digital PD Analyser. 03
(b) Discuss Rod Gap Arrester. 04
(c) What is capacitance voltage transformer (CVT)? Explain tuned CVT 07
for voltage measurement with phasor diagram.

Q.5 (a) List out the common test facilities available in High Voltage Lab. 03
1
 (b) Explain with neat sketch, testing transformer construction. 04
(c) Define Townsend’s first and second ionization coefficients. Obtain 07
Current growth equation due to first and second ionization.
OR
Q.5 (a) What is partial Discharges? 03
(b) Discuss Hall effect in Hall generator. 04
(c) Explain how partial discharges in an insulation system or equipment can 07
bedetected and displayed.

*************

2
Enrolment No./Seat No_____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code:3170917 Date:22-05-2024
Subject Name:High Voltage Engineering
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks
Q.1 (a) Explain partial discharge. 03
(b) Give comparison between uniform and non-uniform Field. 04
(c) Explain High voltage Schering bridge for tanδ and capacitance 07
measurement of Insulators.

Q.2 (a) Discuss power frequency tests of insulator. 03

(b) How are switching impulse generated in Laboratory, Explain in brief. 04
(c) Explain with neat diagram the principle & construction of an electrostatic 07
voltmeter.
OR
(c) Define Townsend’s first and second ionization coefficients.Obtain Current 07
growth equation due to first and second ionization.
Q.3 (a) Explain Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA). 03
(b) Explain Finite Element Method (FEM). 04
(c) Draw symbolic Construction of Van-De-Graff generator and explain its 07
working. Also mention its applications with merits and demerits.
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss Hall effect in Hall generator. 03
(b) How Potential Divider method used for measurement of high voltage DC 04
with its limitations.
(c) Differentiate between Marx & modified Marx circuit for multistage 07
impulse generators with circuit.
Q.4 (a) Explain front and tail times of an impulse wave with neat sketch. 03
(b) Explain breakdown test for Transformer oil. 04
(c) Explain Voltage Multiplier Circuit for generation of High Voltage. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) List out the common test facilities available in High Voltage Lab. 03
(b) Discuss factors affecting breakdown of gases. 04
(c) What is meant by insulation co-ordination? How are the protective devices 07
chosen for optimal insulation level in power system?
Q.5 (a) What is surge arrester? Explain in brief. 03
(b) Explain Tesla coil with its circuit & Waveform. 04
(c) Explain corona discharge.What are different factor affecting Corona 07
losses? How Corona loss can be eliminated?
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain high voltage test on Insulator. 03
(b) List out the causes of overvoltage in power voltage. 04
(c) Explain working of sphere gap and also explain factor influence such a 07
voltage measurement.

1
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
B.E. 7th SEMESTER

Type of course: Engineering Science (Electrical)

Prerequisite: Basic understanding of power system.

Rationale: Ultimatum of electrical energy is swelling day by day due to upgrading in the life style of the
societies of the countries in broad-spectrum. On the other hand, dynamics of power system and it control
is becomes a more and more complicated due to increasing in power system complexity. Under this
scenario, this syllabus includes various types of stability issues with its improving techniques. This
subject is main source for research point of view as a further studies of electrical engineer. With this
context, this subject deals with the fundamentals for dynamics of power system and it control of the power
system.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total

L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE (E) PA (M) ESE (V) PA (I)
3 0 2 4 70 30 30 20 150

Content:

Sr. Content Total

No. Hrs
1. Basic Concepts and Review of Classical Methods 7

1.1 General
1.2 Power System Stability
1.3 States of Operation and System Security - A Review
1.4 System Dynamic Problems - Current Status and Recent Trends
1.5 System Model
1.6 Some Mathematical Preliminaries [3, 4]
1.7 Analysis of Steady State Stability
1.8 Analysis of Transient Stability
1.9 Simplified Representation of Excitation Control

2. Modelling of Synchronous Machine 12

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Synchronous Machine
2.3 Park's Transformation
2.4 Analysis of Steady State Performance
2.5 Per Unit Quantities
2.6 Equivalent Circuits of Synchronous Machine
2.7 Determination of Parameters of Equivalent Circuits
2.8 Measurements for Obtaining Data
2.9 Transient Analysis of a Synchronous Machine

Page 1 of 4
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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
3. Excitation and Prime Mover Controllers 9

3.1 Excitation System

3.2 Excitation System Modelling
3.3 Excitation Systems- Standard Block Diagram
3.4 System Representation by State Equations
3.5 Prime-Mover Control System
3.6 Examples

4 Transmission Lines, SVC and Loads 7

4.1 Transmission Lines

4.2 D-Q Transformation using α - β Variables
4.3 Loads

5. Dynamics of a Synchronous Generator Connected to Infinite Bus 10

6.1 System Model

6.2 Synchronous Machine Model
6.3 Application of Model 1.1
6.4 Calculation of Initial Conditions
6.5 System Simulation
6.6 Consideration of other Machine Models

Total 45
Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks (%)

R Level U Level A Level N E Level Total
Level
20 25 10 30 15 100

Legends: R: Remembrance; U= Understanding; A= Application; N= Analyze; E= Evaluate

NOTE:
This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual
distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

[1] K.R.Padiyar, “Power System Dynamics, Stability & Control”, BS Publications, Hyderabad - 500 095
- AP., Second Edition, 2008.
[2] P. Kundur, “Power system stability and control”, McGraw Hill Inc, New York, 1995.
[3] P.M. Anderson and A.A.Fouad, “Power System Control and Stability”, Galgotia Publications, New
Delhi, 2003 or P.M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, “Power system control and stability”, IEEE Press
[4] R. Ramanujam, “Power Systems Dynamics”- PHI Publications.
[5] M.A.Pai and W.Sauer, “Power System Dynamics and Stability”, Pearson Education Asia, India,
2002.
[6] I.J. Nagrath, D.P. Kothari, “Modern Power System Analysis”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., New Delhi, 1994.

Page 2 of 4
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
[7] B.R. Gupta, “Power system operation and control”, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi. Edition: 1.
Year: 2012.
[8] A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni , P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar, “Power system engineering”, Dhanpat Rai &
Co., New Delhi, 2009
[9] NPTEL for Power system dynamics and control
(https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101004/ )

Course Outcome:

After learning the course the students should be able to:

 Understand the fundamental dynamic behavior of power systems to perform basic stability issues.
 Acquire fundamental knowledge about modelling of synchronous machines.
 Recognize the dynamic performance of power systems.
 Familiarize with the power system stability and controls.
 Realize about the impact of dynamics in power system.

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101004/
 https://a-lab.ee/projects/dq0-dynamics
 For open MATLAB source on Dynamic studies refer-
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1490569

SOFTWARE:

 MATLAB
 ETAP
 Power world simulator
 PSAT (MATLAB open source)
 SCILAB (http://old.cloud.scilab.in/)

List of the practical:

(1) Study of basic element of power system and its control.

(2) Basic study about stability issues in power system (with any one real problem)
(3) Frequency control
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (15. Power system operation and control B.R. Gupta) (Ch-5 Frequency
control)
(4) Reactive power control
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (15. Power system operation and control B.R. Gupta) (Ch-6 Reactive power
control)
(5) System stability and finding critical load angle
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (13. Power system analysis and design B.R. Gupta) (Example -13.7) or Ch.
12.7 & 12.9
(6) Voltage stability
Page 3 of 4
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170915
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (12. Modern power system analysis, D. P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath)
(Example -17.1 & 17.2)
(7) Define steady state power limit
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (12. Modern power system analysis, D. P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath)
(Example -12.2)
(8) Maximum power transfer and stability margin
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (14. Power system engineering, S. Chakraborty, Gupta and Bhatnagar)
(Example -17.4)
(9) Multi-machine stability
(https://old.cloud.scilab.in/#) (5. Element of power system analysis, Stevenson) (ch-14 power system
stability) (Example -14.9)
(10) To study mathematical modeling of R-L, R-L-C and complex electrical circuit using MATLAB.
(11) To study mathematical modeling of 3rd order differential equation.
(12) To solve differential equations using Euler’s and trapezoidal rule.
(13) To observe variable of rotor angle and to find critical clearing time when fault occurs at:
(a) Sending end of the line (b) Mid-point of the line (c) When the fault at mid-point is cleared by removing
the faulty line of SMIB system
(14) To study short circuit analysis of overhead transmission line using MATLAB.
(15) To study and determine fault current for short circuit analysis using ETAP software.
(16) Find the steady state stability limit of delivered power.
(17) Compute the equivalent circuit parameters using (a) exact calculation and (b) approximate method.
(18) Calculate the equivalent circuit parameters for the d-axis using (a) standard method (b) Exact method
with the assumption Xc = Xau (c) Exact method
(19) Obtain the response of the excitation system.
(20) Find the initial conditions.
(21) Obtain the hybrid parameters for the two port network.
(22) Simulate the system response for the following conditions (a) Step increase in Vref by 0.1 pu (b) Step
increase in Tm by 0.1 pu (c) Step increase in Eb by 0.1 pu.

Page 4 of 4
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3170915 Date:07-01-2023
Subject Name:Power System Dynamics and Control
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks
Q.1 (a) What is the main purpose of the power system dynamics study? 03
(b) Differentiate between steady state and transient stability of power system 04
network.
(c) Derive the swing equation of a single generator connected to infinite bus 07
in per unit form.

Q.2 (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a three phase synchronous generator. 03
(b) Explain polynomial representation of static load. 04
(c) A generator is connected to an infinite bus through an external impedance 07
of jXe. The generator is represented by a voltage source Eg∠δ in series
with a reactance Xg. If Eg=Eb (infinite bus voltage)=1.0, Xe = -0.5, Xg =
0.3 (all in p.u), for Pb =1.0 p.u, find the equilibrium value of δ, in the range
of (-π, π). Test their stability (Pb is the received power at the infinite bus).
Assume infinite bus angle as zero.
OR
(c) Explain general model for speed governor for steam turbine using neat 07
block diagram.

Q.3 (a) What is the basic function of power system stabilizer? 03

(b) Write the assumptions made in classical model of the synchronous 04
generator in steady state stability analysis.
(c) With the help of a neat block diagram, explain different operating states 07
of a typical power system network.
OR
Q.3 (a) What are the assumptions made in derivation of the basic equation of a 03
synchronous machine?
(b) Express the stator voltage equation in dq-axis. 04
(c) Briefly describe Park’s transformation and explain its importance in 07
power system modeling and analysis.
Q.4 (a) What are the types of excitation systems? 03
(b) Explain power invariant form of park’s transformation. 04
(c) Draw general functional block diagram of an excitation control system and 07
explain the function of each block.

1
 OR
Q.4 (a) What are the basic functions of excitation system? 03
(b) List various models of synchronous machine based on the windings used 04
in dq-axis.
(c) Explain transmission line modeling by D-Q transformation using α-β 07
variables.
Q.5 (a) Write the advantages of using per unit system for modelling of 03
synchronous machine.
(b) Explain modelling of transmission network using π equivalent circuit. 04

Explain the equal area criterion for single machine infinite bus system with
(c) 07
the help of power angle curves. State the assumptions used in applying
equal area criterion.
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss with reasons: Load are modelled as constant impedance in 03
stability studies.
(b) Briefly discuss short circuit tests of synchronous machine. 04

(c) Explain the steps for calculating initial conditions of a synchronous 07

generator with phasor diagram.

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3170915 Date: 30/06/2023
Subject Name: Power System Dynamics and Control
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define power system stabilizer. 03
(b) Explain in the types of load models used in power system 04
analysis. the transformation matrix used and corresponding
(c) Mention 07
assumptions for Park’s transformation. Describe the significance
of Park’s transformation.
Q.2 (a) Draw the systematic diagram for 3-phase synchronous machine. 03
(b) Explain three- Damper wiring model with figure. 04
(c) Give a classification of load models used in power system 07
analysis. Briefly explain any one load model in detail.
OR
(c) Draw general functional block diagram of an excitation control 07
system andexplain the function of each block.

Q.3 (a) What is meant by speed governing system? 03

(b) State basic assumptions made in steady state analysis of an 04
alternator
(c) Briefly describe the phenomenon of Sub-Synchronous 07
Resonance. Describeany two techniques for SSR mitigation.
OR
Q.3 (a) Briefly explain the procedure of small signal analysis 03
(b) Define the Classification of stability and Explain any one in details. 04
(c) What is voltage stability? Explain with neat diagrams. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain classification of Bracking. 03

(b) Using Part transformation derive voltage equation of synchronous 04
machine.
(c) Explain transmission line modeling by D-Q transformation using α- 07
β variables.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain excitation system. 03
(b) Explain three- Damper wiring model with figure. 04
(c) Briefly explain : Discrete Control of HVDC Links. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain application of Model 1.1. 03

(b) Why load is consider as a constant impedance model? 04
(c) Compare voltage and angle stability. How to carry out integrated 07
analysis of the same.
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain classification of Bracking. 03
(b) Explain any one method for analysis of voltage instability. 04
1
(c) Briefly explain: Dynamic Braking. 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3170915 Date:16-12-2023
Subject Name: Power System Dynamics and Control
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) What is meant by speed governing system? 03
(b) State basic assumptions made in steady state analysis of an alternator. 04
(c) Briefly describe Park’s transformation and explain its importance in power 07
system modeling and analysis

Q.2 (a) Draw the systematic diagram for 3phase synchronous machine. 03
(b) Define Per unit Stator Voltage Equation. 04
(c) Mention the names of load models used in dynamic analysis. Describe any 07
two of them in detail
OR
(c) Draw and explain the functional block diagram of excitation control 07
system.

Q.3 (a) Describe the damping torque analysis. 03

(b) Explain Field Shorting Circuit. 04
(c) What is Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR)? Explain any one SSR 07
mitigation technique.
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain Surge Impedance Loading. 03
(b) Explain Under excitation Limiter. 04
(c) Briefly explain synchronizing and damping torque analysis. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain Single Pole Switching. 03

(b) Explain PID Governor. 04
(c) Briefly describe voltage instability with the help of a PV diagram. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Mention the common assumptions in transient analysis of a multi-machine 03
system.
(b) Explain the Mechanical hydraulic control system. 04
(c) Draw the control characteristic and briefly explain the Static Var 07
Compensator.

Q.5 (a) Explain Reactor Switching. 03

(b) Explain any one model of the steam turbine 04
(c) Explain the transient stability improvement by series compensation. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Briefly explain the procedure of small signal analysis. 03
(b) Explain PV and QV curves with neat diagrams. 04
(c) What is PSS? Explain with neat block diagram. 07
*************

1
Enrolment No./Seat No_____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code:3170915 Date:30-05-2024
Subject Name:Power System Dynamics and Control
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) What do you mean by power system dynamics? State the advantages of power 03
system dynamic analysis.
(b) Discuss the role of Damper winding in synchronous generators’ performance 04
analysis.
(c) Draw and explain the equivalent circuit of a salient pole synchronous 07
generator. Also, explain various time constants of the equivalent circuit.

Q.2 (a) Give the classification of power system stability studies and briefly explain the 03
voltage stability analysis.
(b) Explain the necessary assumptions made in the classical model of the 04
synchronous generator for steady-state stability analysis.
(c) Analyze the power system steady-state stability and discuss the concept of 07
eigenvalue.
OR
(c) With the help of a neat and clean block diagram, explain the different operating 07
states of a typical power system network.

Q.3 (a) What is Park’s transformation? Discuss the advantages of this transformation. 03
(b) Define transient stability and explain the need for transient stability analysis of 04
a power system network.
(c) Define per unit system and obtain the per unit values of a power system 07
network components from their rated values.
OR
Q.3 (a) Why the excitation system is required? Give the classification of excitation 03
systems.
(b) Analyze the synchronizing and damping torque without an automatic voltage 04
regulator (AVR).
(c) Draw a general functional block diagram of an excitation control system and 07
explain the function of each block.

Q.4 (a) Enlist and differentiate the generator models suggested by the IEEE Task Force 03
report published in 1986.
(b) What are the various data required for synchronous machines? Discuss the tests 04
performed on synchronous machines to obtain such data.
(c) Discuss in detail the application of synchronous generator Model 1.1 as 07
suggested by the IEEE Task Force.
OR
1
Q.4 (a) What is the compensation of a transmission line? Which compensation (series 03
or shunt) is suitable for a transmission line? Justify your answer.
(b) List the methods of static VAR compensations (SVCs). Explain to anyone in 04
detail.
(c) Discuss in detail the control characteristic of SVC. 07

Q.5 (a) What is a Power System Stabilizer (PSS)? Discuss the need for using PSS for 03
dynamic studies.
(b) Discuss in detail the use of HVDC links and static VAR controllers (SVCs) for 04
power system stabilization.
(c) Explain transmission line modelling by D-Q transformation using α-β 07
variables.
OR
Q.5 (a) Why load is considered as a constant impedance model? 03
(b) Explain polynomial and exponential representation of static load. 04
(c) Explain in detail any two sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) mitigation 07
techniques.

****************

2
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170921
Semester – VII
Subject Name: Power Quality and FACTS

Type of course: Professional Elective Course

Prerequisite: Power Electronics, Power systems

Rationale:

Electrical Power systems are heavily loaded because of the increase in the demand and restructured power
system operation. The technical solution of utilizing available power system structure to deliver more power
is using the power electronics devices in power systems for reactive power compensation and HVDC. The
other uses of power electronics devices in the distribution and at consumer levels are also inevitable. The
more and more use of power electronics devices in the power systems at every stage increases the problem
of power quality. The course is aimed to provide exposure about power quality; the commonly used power
electronics based compensating devices, its impact on Power Quality and various power quality mitigation
techniques.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total
L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE PA ESE PA
(E) (M) Viva (V) (I)
3 0 0 3 70 30 0 0 100

Content:

Sr. No. Content Total

Hrs
1 Power Quality 06
Introduction, Importance of Power Quality, Common Disturbances in Power
Systems, Short-Duration Voltage Variation, Long-Duration Voltage Variations,
Transients, Impulsive Transients, Oscillatory Transients, Voltage Imbalance,
Harmonics, Interharmonics, DC Offset, Notching, Noise, Voltage Fluctuations,
Power Frequency Variations, Solutions to Power Quality Problems, Ambiguous
Terms CBEMA and ITI Curves, Features of Voltages in Power Systems,
Grounding, Ground Electrodes, Ground Rods, Ground Rings, Plates Signal
Reference Ground (SRG), Single-Point and Multipoint Grounding, Ground Loops,
Isolated Ground, Electrochemical Reactions Due to Ground Grids, Reactive Power
in Power Systems with Harmonic Distortion, Single-Phase Systems, Reliability,
Power Quality Data Collection .
2 Static Var Compensators 09
Introduction, Different Static Var Compensators, Increase in Transient Stability
Margin, Damping of Power Oscillations, Voltage Support, Static Var Compensator
Systems Versus Synchronous Condensers, Capacitors, and Reactors, Shunt and
Series Compensation, Fundamentals of Load Compensation, Reactive Power
Relationships Between Wye- and Delta-Connected Systems, Static Var
Compensators for Transmission Systems, SVC Using a TCR and an FC, SVC Using
a TCR and TSC, STATCOM (SVC Using Self-Commutated Inverters), SVC Using
Page 1 of 3
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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170921
a Saturated Reactor (SR), Comparison of Static Var Systems, Specification of SVCs,
FACTS Technology, Types of FACTS Controllers, Series Controllers, Shunt
Controllers, Combined Series and Shunt Controllers, Case Study, Importance Three-
Phase Power Flow Studies for PQ.
3 Control of Static Var Compensators 06
Introduction, Control Systems for SVCs in Transmission System Applications,
Voltage Regulation, Gain Supervision, Reactive Power Control and Coordination,
Control Signals for System Transient Stability, Power Oscillation Damping, and
Subsynchronous Resonance Damping Enhancement, Control Systems for SVCs in
Traction Applications, Load Compensation, Voltage Regulation and Balancing,
Measurement of Sequence Components, Phase-Locked Oscillator Control System.
4 Harmonics 06
Introduction, Converter Harmonics, Effect of Transformer Connections, Harmonics
When There Is Overlap in the Commutation Process, Direct-Voltage Harmonics,
Imperfect System Conditions, Single-Phase Power Supplies, DC Drives, AC Drives,
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), Telecontrol Signals, Cycloconverters,
Transformers, Harmonics in No-Load Exciting Current, Harmonics due to Inrush
Current, DC Magnetization, Harmonics in Rotating Machines, Harmonics in Arc
Furnace Loads, Harmonics in a Thyristor-Controlled Reactor, TheK-Factor.
5 Utility Harmonics Regulations and Standards 06
Introduction, Undesirable Effects of the Harmonics, Specification of the Harmonic
Limits, Philosophical Differences between IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-Series
Standards, IEEE 519-1992, IEC 61000-Series Standards, Assessment Procedure
(Harmonic Limits), Summation Laws for Combining Harmonics, General
Comments on the Standards, Allocation of Harmonic Voltage or Current or Both
Limits to the Customers, Empirical Nature of the Standards, Legal Responsibility for
Damages due to Harmonic Problems, Application of the Standards, Application of
Standards—B.C. Hydro's Approach, Examples of the Harmonic Studies.
6 Harmonic Filters 06
Introduction, Undesirable Effects of Harmonics, Harmonic Sources, Types of Filters,
Types of Damped Filters, AC Network Impedance, Overhead Lines, Underground
Cables, Transformers, Rotating Machines, Passive Loads, Electronic Loads, Norton
Equivalents of Residential Loads, Design of Single-Tuned Filters, Filter
Performance Evaluation, Design of Damped Filters, Comparison of Tuned and
Damped Filters, Filter Component Ratings, Filter Capacitors, Tuning Reactors,
Outline of Filter Design.
7 Monitoring Power Quality 06
Introduction, Site Surveys, Spectrum Analyzers, Special-Purpose Power System
Harmonic Analyzers, Transient-Disturbance Analyzers, Combination Disturbance
and Harmonic Analyzers, Flicker Meters, Transducers, Measurement of the
Frequency Response of Instrument Transformers, Description of the Instrument
Transformers' Tests, Summary of the Conclusions from the Tests, Voltage
Transformers, IEC-Recommended Measurement Techniques for Harmonics,
Harmonics, RMS Value of a Harmonic Group, RMS Value of a Harmonic
Subgroup, Total Harmonie Distortion (THD), Group Total Harmonic Distortion
(THDG), Subgroup Total Harmonic Distortion (THDS), Partial Weighted Harmonic
Distortion (PWHD), Interharmonics, RMS Value of an Interharmonic Component,
RMS Value of an Interharmonic Group, RMS Value of an Interharmonic-Centered
Subgroup, Relative and Absolute Harmonic Phase Angle Measurement, Necessity
for the Measurement of Harmonic Voltages and Currents, Harmonic Monitoring
System, Continuous Harmonic Analysis in Real Time, Presentation of Harmonic
Page 2 of 3
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170921
Measurements, Case Study, Flicker, IEC Flicker Meter, Short-Term Flicker
Evaluation, Flicker Standards

Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory): (For BE only)

Distribution of Theory Marks

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level

15 30 30 15 10 -

Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create

and above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual
distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

1. R. Sastry Vedam, Mulukulta S Sarma “Power Quality VAR Compensation in Power Systems” CRC
Press Indian Edition Indian reprint 2013
2. C.Sankaran, “Power Quality”, First Indian reprint, CRC press
3. T. K. Nagsarkar and M. S. Sukhija “Power System Analysis” Oxford University Press

Course Outcomes:

After completing the course, students will be able to;

Sr. CO statement Marks %

No. weightage

CO-1 Explain Various Power Quality terms of Electrical Power System 25

CO-2 Analyze the application of Static Var Compensators for reactive power 25
compensation in power systems.
CO-3 Analyze the causes of Harmonics, its effect on various equipment and its mitigation 25
techniques.
CO-4 Evaluate performance of power systems (in regards to Power Quality Issues) under 25
various power quality polluting devices using appropriate power quality monitoring
tools.

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/106/108106025/

Page 3 of 3
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3170921 Date:16-01-2023
Subject Name:Power Quality and FACTS
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Explain displacement power factor and true power factor with 03
necessary equation.
(b) Define flicker. List reasons responsible for flicker. 04
(c) Explain various power quality issues due to distributed generation. 07

Q.2 (a) What is THD? According to IEEE 519, state various voltage and 03
current THD?
(b) What are the types of FACTS controllers? Explain in brief. 04
(c) What do you mean by order of harmonics? When even order harmonics 07
will be present in the system? Explain its effect on induction motor.
OR
(c) Discuss the effect of harmonics on AC Motors Drives. 07

Q.3 (a) State the importance of power factor in industry as per power quality 03
study.
(b) Discuss in brief, about the various applications of SVCs. 04
(c) Explain different Static Var Compensators. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) What is harmonics? Explain with necessary waveforms. 03
(b) What are the major sources of current harmonics? 04
(c) Explain improvement in power factor using static VAR compensator. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain application of synchronous condensers. 03

(b) Discuss in brief, about harmonics in a Thyristor-Controlled Reactor. 04
(c) Explain theschematic diagram and working principle of a STATCOM. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Discuss Harmonic Analyzer. 03
(b) Write short note on true RMS meter. 04
(c) What are CBEMA and ITIC graphs? Draw and discuss the ITIC graph 07
indetail.

Q.5 (a) What are the various instruments used for power quality measurements. 03
(b) Explain single-tuned filter for harmonic reduction. 04
(c) Explain working of TSC- TCR with neat circuit diagram and 07
waveform.
OR
Q.5 (a) Define: 1.Linear Loads 2.Inrush Current 3.Voltage Swell 03
(b) Explain the features of flicker meters. 04
(c) Describe the objectives and procedures for performing power quality 07
monitoring.

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3170921 Date: 21/06/2023
Subject Name: Power Quality and FACTS
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) With necessary waveforms, discuss in detail the following Power Quality 03
Disturbances
i) Voltage Sag iii) Harmonics
ii) Voltage Swell
(b) Discuss the need of reliability indices and explain the following terms: SAIFI, SAIDI, 04
CAIFI
(c) Draw the ITIC graph and explain its various regions. 07
Q.2 (a) List out various applications of SVC 03
(b) Explain the concept of Grounding & Bonding 04
(c) Carry out comparative analysis of: TCR,TSC & STATCOM 07
OR
(c) With necessary diagram discuss about FC-TCR in detail. State its advantages and 07
limitations.

Q.3 (a) Define: Displacement, Distortion & True power factor. 03

(b) Explain the need of SVC in Traction System 04
(c) Discuss: Harmonics in Transformers. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss K-factor rating for a transformer 03
(b) Discuss the term: Transient Stability margin. Explain its improvement using SVC. 04
(c) List out the undesirable effects of harmonics on various components. 07

Q.4 (a) Enlist any 3 IEEE standards associated with Power Quality. 03
(b) Draw and explain the block diagram for an SVC automatic voltage regulator. 04
(c) Compare various aspects of Single Tuned filter with Damped filter 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Define: Transients. Discuss its types and causes. 03
(b) Write a short note on Phase Locked Oscillator control system. 04
(c) Discuss in details the IEEE 519 and IEC 61000 series standards for Harmonics. 07

Q.5 (a) Discuss in detail the need of site surveys in PQ monitoring. 03

(b) Discuss the role of data loggers and chart recorders in case of measurement of power 04
quality
(c) Defining Flicker, enlist reasons for its causes and mitigation techniques. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss the need of measuring Harmonic Voltage and Current. 03
(b) Explain the following terms: 04
i) Point of Common Coupling
ii) Short Circuit Ratio
(c) Write a note on Harmonic analyzer. 07

*************
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3170921 Date:01-12-2023
Subject Name: Power Quality and FACTS
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS

Q.1 (a) Discuss long duration transients, Impulse transients, and Oscillatory 03
transients.
(b) Discuss the first summation law for combining harmonics. 04
(c) Discuss CBEMA and ITI curves 07

Q.2 (a) What is load compensation 03

(b) How Static Var Compensators (SVCs) are used to improve transient 04
stability of the power system
(c) Discuss FC-TCR 07
OR
(c) Discuss STATCOM 07

Q.3 (a) List out applications of SVCs for traction systems. 03

(b) List out different categories of load supplied by utilities which are 04
responsible for harmonics generation
(c) Discuss the control systems of SVC for traction applications. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Enumerate the applications of SVCs for transmission lines of the power 03
system.
(b) What is inter-harmonics and sub-harmonics? 04
(c) Discuss the control systems of SVC for reactive power control. 07

Q.4 (a) Compare harmonics in rotating machine with arc furnace loads 03
(b) Discuss harmonics limits 04
(c) Discuss switched mode power supply and pulse width modulated 07
adjustable speed drives as a source of harmonics.
OR
Q.4 (a) Compare the harmonics due to DC drives and AC drives. 03
(b) Discuss the application of harmonics standards for utility systems. 04
(c) Discuss k-factor rating of the transformer 07

Q.5 (a) List out undesirable effects of harmonics. 03

(b) Discuss designing of single tuned filter. 04
(c) Discuss harmonic analyzer. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Classification of filter circuit. 03
(b) Discuss multi-winding transformer model used for harmonic analysis. 04
(c) Discuss the measurement of frequency response of instrument 07
transformer.

**********
1
Enrolment No./Seat No_____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code:3170921 Date:15-05-2024
Subject Name:Power Quality and FACTS
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS

Q.1 (a) Define the following terms: 03

i) Power Quality ii) Flicker iii) Grounding
(b) How are Control Systems for SVCs used in Traction 04
Applications, and what are the challenges involved?
(c) Discuss CBEMA and ITI Curves in details, and explain their 07
role in power quality.
Q.2 (a) Explain the role of a Static Var Compensator (SVC) in a power 03
system and elaborate on its main purpose.
(b) Discuss various types of FACTS controllers. Explain them in 04
brief.
(c) Compare and contrast the use of TCR and TSC in Static Var 07
Compensators. Discuss their advantages and limitations.
OR
(c) Analyze the operation and benefits of a STATCOM compared 07
to other SVC technologies.

Q.3 (a) Define: Harmonics. Discuss how Transformer Connections 03

impact Harmonics in Power Systems.
(b) What is a Phase-Locked Oscillator Control System, and how 04
is it used in Static Var Compensators?
(c) Explain in details how AC drives and DC drives contribute to 07
harmonics in Power System.
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss the term K-Factor, and explain how does it relate to 03
harmonic distortion in electrical systems?
(b) What is the role of voltage regulation in power transmission, 04
and how do SVCs contribute to this regulation?
(c) Write Short Note on Reactive Power Compensation and Also 07
explain the comparison of Series & Shunt Compensation
Q.4 (a) Define: Interharmonics. Discuss how Interharmonics differ 03
from Harmonics.
(b) Explain the concept of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and 04
Total Demand Distortion. Discuss in details how it is
calculated.
(c) Compare and contrast the design and operational 07
characteristics of tuned and damped filters for harmonic
control.
OR

1
Q.4 (a) Define the term: Transients. Discuss the types of Transients 03
with their causes.
(b) Discuss in details how IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-Series 04
standards differ in addressing harmonics in power systems.
(c) List and explain types of harmonics based on the sequence of 07
rotation. Discuss their effects.
Q.5 (a) Discuss in details the following reliability indices: 03
i) CAIFI ii) SAIDI iii) ASAI
(b) Write a brief note on harmonic analyzer. 04
(c) Discuss in detail the primary purpose of power quality 07
monitoring in electrical systems. Describe the procedure to
carry out the same.
OR
Q.5 (a) Classify different types of harmonics filter. Discuss any one in 03
brief.
(b) What are the various instruments used for power quality 04
measurements? Discuss in brief.
(c) Explain the working of RMS Meter and Flicker Meter with 07
necessary diagrams.

*************

2
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3171108
Semester – VII
Subject Name: Internet of Things

Type of course: Professional Elective Course (PEC-VI)

Prerequisite: Computer networking, Embedded systems

Rationale: IoT market is growing rapidly from installed base of about 30 billion devices in the year 2020
and expected to grow up to 75 billion devices by 2025. IoT is useful in many sectors like consumer,
commercial, infrastructure, health, industry and military. Industry 4.0 is based on IoT. This course will
provide opportunity to the students for contribution in IoT applications.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total

L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE (E) PA (M) ESE (V) PA (I)
2 0 2 3 70 30 30 20 150
Content:

Sr. No. Content Total

Hrs

1 Introduction to Internet of Things: 6

IoT Definition, IoT characteristics, M2M and IoT, End to End IoT Architecture, Physical
design of IoT, Logical Design of IoT, Overview of IoT protocols, IoT levels and
deployment templates, Challenges for IoT, Interdependencies of IoT and cloud computing,
Web of things
2 Embedded IoT devices: 8
Sensors and actuators for IoT applications, IoT components and implementation,
Programming of NodeMCU and Raspberry PI, Implementation of IoT with Edge devices,
Reading sensor data and transmit to cloud, Controlling devices through cloud using mobile
application and web application, Types and configurations of gatways, Specifications of
IoT gateways (Practical aspects of this chapter should be covered during lab sessions)
3 IoT Protocols: 8
Link layer protocols, Network/internet layer protocols, Transport layer protocols,
Application layer protocols: Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), Systematic HTTP access
methodology, Web Socket, Constrained application protocol CoAP), Message Queue
Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT), XMPP, DDS, AMQP
4 IoT Security and challenges : 4
IOT Security, Dangers, Assigning values to Information, Security Components, Key
Management, Update Management, Challenges in IoT security.

5 IoT Applications and case study 4

Broad categories of IoT applications: Consumer IoT, Commercial IoT, Industrial IoT,
Infrastructure IoT, Military Things (IoMT)
Page 1 of 3

w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3171108
IoT Case studies:
Home automation with IoT, River water pollution monitoring, Smart city street light
control and monitoring, Health care monitoring, Voice Apps on IoT device

Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level

10 30 20 5 5 10

Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C:

Create and above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual
distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

[1] Rahul Dubey, “An Introduction to Internet of Things: Connecting Devices, Edge Gateway, and Cloud
with Applications”, Cengage India Publication
[2] Raj Kamal, “Internet of Things: Architecture and Design Principles, Mc Graw Hill Education

[3] Hanes et al “IoT Fundamentals”, Cisco Press

[4] Vijay Madisetti and Arshdeep Bahga, “Internet of Things (A Hands-on-Approach)”, , Paperback, 2015.

[5] A. McEwen, H. Cassimally, “Designing the Internet of Things”, Wiley, 2013.

[6] Yashwant Kanetkar, “21 Internet of Things Experiments”, Kindle edition

[7] Adeel Javed, “Building Arduino projects for Internet of Things”, Apress publication

[8] Donald Noris, “The Internet of Things: Do it yourself Projects with Arduino, Raspberry PI and
BeagleBone Black” Mc Graw Hill Publication

[9] Adrian McEwen & Hakim Cassimally, “Designing the Internet of things”, Willey publication

Course Outcomes:

Sr. No. CO statement Marks %

weightage

CO-1 Understand IoT architecture 20%

Page 2 of 3

w.e.f. AY 2018-19
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3171108
CO-2 Program Embedded IoT devices 30%

CO-3 Use IoT protocol to upload sensor data and to control devices 30%

CO-4 Design IoT application 20%

Suggested List of Laboratory Experiments:

1. Getting started with NodeMCU, Arduino with ESP8266 and ESP32 in the Arduino IDE.
2. GPIO Interfacing and programming
3. Digital on/off sensor (PIR and IR) Interfacing programming
4. Analog sensor programming and uploading sensor data on cloud
5. Controlling devices remotely using Bluetooth link, WiFi link
6. Interfacing and programming of actuators, Controlling devices remotely using cloud
7. Web based device control
8. Development of Android applications suitable for IoT
9. Experiments on Agriculture IoT (Soil moisture, PH monitor)
10. IoT based home automation
11. Smart energy experiments
12. Smart city IoT applications
13. IoT based mini project
14. Developing Voice App for IoT device

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

1. NPTEL online course on IoT: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_cs08

2. IoT Tutorial point www.tutorialspoint.com
3. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/internet-of-things/
4. https://www.scnsoft.com/blog/iot-architecture-in-a-nutshell-and-how-it-works
5. https://wso2.com/whitepapers/a-reference-architecture-for-the-internet-of-things/

Page 3 of 3

w.e.f. AY 2018-19
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3171108 Date:20-01-2023
Subject Name:Internet of Things
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define Internet of Things. Briefly describe vision of IoT. 03
(b) What are the emerging trends in IoT? Explain briefly. 04
(c) Describe IoT architecture in detail with block diagram. 07

Q.2 (a) Write names of protocols which are used in Application layer. 03
(b) Explain Publish – Subscribe communication model. 04
(c) Describe characteristics of IoT in detail. 07
OR
(c) With block diagram, explain various functional blocks in IOT. 07

Q.3 (a) Write a python program for blinking LED on Raspberry Pi. 03
(b) Classify sensors. Give example of each. 04
(c) Explain interfaces available on Raspberry Pi board. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Differentiate IOT and M2M. 03
(b) Explain role of cloud computing in IoT. 04
(c) Explain MQTT, XMPP and AMQP protocols. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain 802.16 – WiMAX with respect to IoT protocol. 03

(b) Compare REST based and WebSocket based APIs. 04
(c) With block diagram, explain IoT deployment level 3. Also give an 07
example of working of such system.
OR
Q.4 (a) Write short note on Network layer protocols. 03
(b) Write about any four sensors and their usages. 04
(c) Describe implementation of IoT with Edge devices. 07

Q.5 (a) Give examples of commonly used actuators in IoT. 03

(b) Explain vulnerabilities in IoT. 04
(c) Enlist good practices for securing IoT systems. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Write a short note on IoT devices for home automation. 03
(b) Define the roles of IoT in Health Care Monitoring. 04
(c) Explain major issues and challenges with IoT. 07

*************

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3171108 Date: 23/06/2023
Subject Name: Internet of Things
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Q.1 (a) Define IOT. Write the Applications of IOT. 03

(b) Explain IOT Protocols. 04
(c) Explain End to End IOT Architecture in detail. 07
Q.2 (a) Describe Bluetooth and BLE. 03
(b) Write Various characteristics of IOT. 04
(c) Write about IOT Level – 3 and IOT Level – 4. 07
OR
(b) Discuss Difference between IOT and M2M. 07
Q.3 (a) Write functionality of XMPP. 03
(b) Define types and configuration of gateways. 04
(c) Explain Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT). 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Write the difference between private cloud and public cloud. 03
(b) What is REST? Write various methods of REST. 04
(c) Explain SDN (Software Define Networking). 07
Q.4 (a) Define Sensors, Actuators, and Transducers. 03
(b) Write Names of Protocols that are used at Transport layer protocols of IOT. 04
(c) Explain Constrained Application Protocol (COAP) in detail. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) What is Raspberry Pi? 03
(b) Write Names of Protocols that are used at Link Layer of IOT. 04
(c) Discuss DDS protocol in Detail. 07

Q.5 (a) Define Cloud Computing. 03

(b) Discuss Zigbee. 04
(c) Explain Challenges in IOT Security. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Write the difference between private cloud and public cloud. 03
(b) Explain Architecture, Layout and Interface of Raspberry Pi. 04
(c) Explain Service Models of Cloud Computing in detail. 07

*************

1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3171108 Date:06-12-2023
Subject Name:Internet of Things
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks
Q.1 (a) Enlist various characteristics of IOT systems. 03
(b) Discuss in details the various components of IOT system. 04
(c) Draw and discuss the Physical Design of IOT. 07

Q.2 (a) Enlist various cloud computing features and explain any one in detail. 03
(b) Write a note on sensors in IOT, their basic specifications and types of sensors, in 04
brief.
(c) Draw and explain the pin diagram of Arduino UNO Development board, for IOT 07
applications
OR
(c) Write a Arduino sketch, to turn a LED ON for 5 secs and turn the LED off for 07
15 secs. The LED is to be connected to the digital pin D1.

Q.3 (a) Draw and describe basic Raspberry-pi boards pins functionalities. 03
(b) What are IOT Gateways ? 04
(c) Discuss SPI, I2C and SPI protocols used in Raspberry PI Communication 07
Interfacing.
OR
Q.3 (a) Enlist various features of IOT Gateways. 03
(b) Enlist various methods of uploading data from on field sensors to the cloud or on 04
Mobile phones.
(c) Discuss the Request/Response, Publish/Subscribe, Push Pull Model and 07
Exclusive pair models of communications between IOT Devices.

Q.4 (a) Differentiate CoAP and MqTT Protocol. 03

(b) Elaborate Light Fidelity protocol. 04
(c) Apply a single bus communication protocol for interfacing DHT11 sensor 07
communication with Arduino.
OR

1
Q.4 (a) Write a Note on XMPP protocol. 03
(b) Explain HTTP Protocol in detail. 04
(c) Discuss various classes of IP addressing in detail. 07

Q.5 (a) Write a note on IOT security issues and need. 03

(b) Classify the IOT systems based on their applications. 04
(c) Discuss the application of IOT in health care monitoring. 07

OR
Q.5 (a) Explain components of Information security. 03
(b) Design any one of the possible IOT based solution for river water pollution 04
monitoring.
(c) Draw and design a smart city street light control and monitoring. 07
************

2
 Enrolment No./Seat No_____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code:3171108 Date:20-05-2024
Subject Name:Internet of Things
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks
Q.1 (a) Differentiate M2M & IOT systems. 03
(b) Draw the logical design of IOT and explain in brief. 04
(c) Discuss the IOTWF Reference model. 07

Q.2 (a) Describe Cloud Computing. 03

(b) Decode-and evaluate the output of the following program on Arduino board 04
void setup ()
{pinMode(D0, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(D0, LOW);
delay(5000);
}

(c) Classify various types of sensors used in IOT systems and enlist the examples 07
for each type.
OR
(c) Write a program to detect the current signal issued by current sensor to 07
Arduino board at its analog pin. The sensor is installed in a Industrial Power
feeder. (Assuming: The output of Sensor is 0 to 5 Volts for 0 to 100 A range.)

Q.3 (a) Draw and describe Arduino boards system architecture and pins. 03
(b) Enlist various methods of uploading data from on field sensors to the cloud or 04
on Mobile phones.
(c) Discuss XMPP Protocol for embedded device 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Draw and describe basic Raspberry-pi boards pins functionalities. 03

1
 (b) What are IOT Gateways and enlist various features of IOT Gateways. 04
(c) Discuss the WebSocket and REST based communication protocols. 07

Q.4 (a) Elaborate the functions of each Protocol layer of networked system, also list 03
out protocols present at each layer.
(b) Elaborate BLE protocol 04
(c) Apply a single bus communication protocol for DHT11 sensor communication 07
with Arduino.
OR
Q.4 (a) Discuss IP Protocol in details 03
(b) Explain HTTP Protocol in detail. 04
(c) Discuss MQTT Protocol 07

Q.5 (a) Draw the Security Architecture of IOT System. 03

(b) Classify the IOT systems based on their applications. 04
(c) Design any one of the possible applications of ultrasonic sensor based 07
embedded system used in Military field.
OR
Q.5 (a) Enlist the challenges faced in imposing secured IOT system. 03
(b) What are the goals of security components? 04
(c) It has been decided that the conventional street lights and highway lights 07
providing lightening to the vehicles and public must now be transformed into
solar power based for implementing smart city concept, for it to be
implemented it is required that these lightening must be turned ON or OFF on
its own as the Night darkness fall upon. Design an embedded system for
implementing the same using Photo Diode Light Sensor.

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