CHAPTER – 2

EXPONENTS AND POWERS

EXERCISE 2.1

1. Evaluate:

(i)

O T IS
(ii) (-3)-3
N A D
CO N
(iii)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
ED PR

(i)

Let us evaluate the given expression,

=
©

By using the formula,

So,

= ×
D

(ii) (-3)-3
Let us evaluate the given expression,

By using the formula, =

So,

(-3)-3 = −

= − × − × −

=–

O T IS
(iii)
N A D
CO N
Let us evaluate the given expression,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
By using the formula, =

So,
ED PR

× × ×
©

2. Simplify:
(i) [(2)-1 + (4)-1 + (3)-1]-1
D

(ii) [(4)-1 – (5)-1]2 ×

(iii) [40 + 42 – 23] × 3-2

(iv) − ×

Solution:
(i) [(2)-1 + (4)-1 + (3)-1]-1
Let us simplify the given expression,

[(2)-1 + (4)-1 + (3)-1]-1 = ! + + #

$ $
=! #

=! #

O T IS
=
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) [(4)-1 – (5)-1]2 ×
%

Let us simplify the given expression,

ED PR

%
[(4)-1 – (5)-1]2 × =! – # ×
%

%
©

=! # ×

%
=! # ×
%
= × ×

=
D

(iii) [40 + 42 – 23] × 3-2

Let us simplify the given expression,

[40 + 42 – 23] × 3-2 = [1 + 16 – 8] × &

=9×

=1

(iv) 5 − ×

Let us simplify the given expression,

O T IS
5 − × = [25 – (4)2] ×
N A D
CO N
= [25 − 16] ×
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=9×

= 16
ED PR

3. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following:

©

(i)
-

(ii) . − /

(iii) × ÷
D

Solution:
1
% 2
(i)

Let us simplify to find the multiplicative inverse of the given expression,

 1 1
% 2 2
=
%
1
2 2
= 2

1
×2
=

O T IS
= × ×
N A D
CO N
%
O UC AA
T IO
=

PY
%
So, the multiplicative inverse of is .
%
3
ED PR

&
(ii) . − /

Let us simplify to find the multiplicative inverse of the given expression,

©

3 3
& ×&
. − / = −

= −

=
D

= ×

So, the multiplicative inverse of 4/9 is 9/4.

(iii) × ÷

Let us simplify to find the multiplicative inverse of the given expression,

× ÷ = × ÷

= ×

O T IS
=

× ×
N A D
CO N
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=

So, the multiplicative inverse of is .

ED PR

4. (i) Express 16-2 as a power with base 2.

©

(ii) Express 125-4 as a power with base 5.

Solution:
(i) Express 16-2 as a power with base 2.
Let us simplify,
(16)-2 = (24)-2
D

= 2-8

= 6

(ii) Express 125-4 as a power with base 5.

Let us simplify,
(125)-4 = (53)-4
= 5-12

= 3&

5. Write the following numbers in expanded form using exponents:

(i) 2789.453
(ii) 3007.805

O T IS
Solution:

N A D
CO N
(i) 2789.453
O UC AA
T IO
PY
The expanded form of
2789.453
ED PR

= 2 × 103 + 7 × 102 + 8 × 101 + 9 × 100 + 4 × 10-1 + 5 × 10-2 + 3 × 10-3

(ii) 3007.805
©

The expanded form of

3007.805 = 3 × 103 + 7 × 100 + 8 × 10-1 + 5 × 10-3

6. Simplify and write in exponential form with positive exponent:

(i) 7. / 8
D

(ii) × ÷. /

(iii) × × ÷
 9 : × ;
(iv) :

Solution:

(i) 7. / 8

Let us simplify,
×

O T IS
7. / 8 =. /

N A D
CO N
×
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=
ED PR

The exponential form is .

©

(ii) × ÷. /

Let us simplify,
%
× ÷. / = × ÷
%
× ÷
D

=
& 1 6
= & × 1 × 6

&<1 6
= &<1 × 6

= 6
= = × 6
 > =× 6?
= =<6

> =× 6?
= 31

> =× 6?
The exponential form is 31 .

× 5 × ÷

O T IS
(iii)

Let us simplify,
N A D
CO N
> &? :& :1
× 5 × ÷ × 5 × ×
O UC AA
T IO
= & :& :1

PY
> 2 × 2 × :& × :1 ?
= & × :& × :1
ED PR

= 24-2-3 × 54-2+2+3
= 2-1 × 57
@
©

= 3

@
The exponential form is 3 .
9%:3 × 1 ;
(iv) :2

Let us simplify,
D

:3
9%:3 × 1 ; !> 1 ? × 1 #
:2 = :2

9 1× 1;
= :2

= 2-3+4 × 53
= 21 × 53
=2×5×5×5
= 250
The exponential form is 250.

7. Simplify and write the following in exponential form:

A
(i) ((-2)3)2 + 5-3 ÷ 5-5 – −

O T IS
(ii) 3-5 × 32 ÷ 3-6 + (22 × 3)2 + + 2-1 +
N A D B

CO N
O UC AA
Solution:

T IO
PY
(i) ((-2)3)2 + 5-3 ÷ 5-5 – −
ED PR

Let us simplify,

((-2)3)2 + 5-3 ÷ 5-5 – − = (-2)6 + 1 ÷ = –1

©

= 64 + 1 × 55 – 1

= 64 + 55-3 – 1
= 64 + 52 – 1
= 64 + 25 – 1
= 88
D

The exponential form is 88.

(ii) 3-5 × 32 ÷ 3-6 + (22 × 3)2 + + 2-1 +

Let us simplify,
3-5 × 32 ÷ 3-6 + (22 × 3)2 + + 2-1 + = 3-5+2+6 + (24 × 32) + +
+ 191

= 33 + (16×9) + + 19

= 27 + 144 + 2 + 19
= 192

O T IS
The exponential form is 192.

N A D
CO N
8. Simplify and write in exponential form with negative exponent:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(i) 53 ×
ED PR

(ii)

(iii) × ÷
B
©

(iv) 2-1 + ÷
B

B
3
(v) (-7) × ÷ (-7)10

Solution:
D

(i) 53 ×

Let us simplify,
1
3 3
5 × =5 × 1

= 53-3 × 43
= 50 × 43
= 1 × 43

The exponential form is .

O T IS
(ii)
N A D
CO N
Let us simplify,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
×
=
ED PR

=
©

The exponential form is .

(iii) × ÷

Let us simplify,
D

:& &
× ÷ = :& × & ÷ :&

> :& × & × :& ?

= [ & :& × & ]

> :&<&:& ?
= :2<&
 :&
= :&

The exponential form is .

+ ÷

O T IS
(iv) 2-1

N A D
CO N
Let us simplify,
2 :&
+ ÷ = 2-1 ! + #÷
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2-1 2 :&

2 &
= 2-1 ! 2 + & #÷
ED PR

= 2-1 ! + #÷
%
$
= ! #×
©

%
%
= × ×
%

=
D

The exponential form is .

(v) (-7)3 × ÷ (-7)10

Let us simplify,

(-7)3 × ÷ (-7)10 = (-7)3 × (-7)9 ÷ (-7)10

= (-7)3+9-10
= (-7)2

O T IS
The exponential form is .
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
9. Simplify:
> B × C: ?
(i) (z ≠ 0)
> :1 × A × C: ?
ED PR

>B × ×D ?
(ii)
> × ×D ?
:
!> : ? ×> ? ×> D: ? #
©

(iii) :
!> : ? ×> ? ×>D: ? #

> : × : × AA?
(iv)
> :- ×-: ?

Solution:
> × E :1 ?
(i) (z ≠ 0)
D

× × E :=

Let us simplify the given expression,

> × E :1 ? > × E :1 ?
:1 =
× × E := :1 × × E :=

> &<1 ×E 1<= ?

=
 > = ×E & ?
=

> 1× @× F 2?
(ii) & × 2 × F&

Let us simplify the given expression,

1
> 1× @× F2? !> & ? × 1 ×F 2 #

& =
× 2 × F& & × 2 × F&

O T IS
> G × 1 ×F 2 ?
= & × 2 × F& N A D
CO N
O UC AA
= 36+3-2-4 × t4-2

T IO
PY
= 3 3 × t2
= 27t2
ED PR

& :1 &
!> :& ? ×> & ? ×> F :1 ? #
(iii)
©

[ :& = × 1 :& × F :2 1 ]

Let us simplify the given expression,

& :1 &
!> :& ? ×> & ? ×> F :1 ? # 9 :2 × :G ×F :G ;
[
=[
:& = × 1 :& × F :2 1 ] :3H × :G ×F :3& ]

= 3-4+10 × 5-6+6 × t-6+12

= 3 6 × 5 0 × t6
D

= 3 6 × 1 × t6
= 729t6

> := × := × ?
(iv) :G :=
×
Let us simplify the given expression,
> := × := × ? > := × × := × & × 1 ?
:G =
× := :G × × :=

> := × := × := × & × 1 ?
= :G × := × :=

= 2-5+2+5 × 3-5+5 × 5-5+3+6

= 22 × 30 × 54

O T IS
= 4 × 1 × 625

N A D
CO N
= 2500
O UC AA
T IO
PY
10. By what number should be divided to get ?
ED PR

Solution:

The required number is ÷

©

Let us simplify the expression,

> :1 ? > &?
÷ = :1 × &

9 :1 × & ;
=[ :1 × &]

9 :1<& ;
= :1<&
D

:3
= :3

3
=− 3

=−
11. Find the value of m for which 9m ÷ 3-2 = 94.
Solution:

Let us simplify the expression,

9m ÷ 3-2 = 94

(32)m ÷ 3-2 = (32)4

O T IS
32m ÷ 3-2 = 38
N A D
CO N
32m+2 = 38
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Now by comparing the powers, we get
ED PR

2m + 2 = 8

2m = 8 – 2
©

=6

m=

=3
D

12. If − × − =. − /× − , find the value of x.

Solution:
Let us simplify the given expression,

− × − =. − /× −
 I
− × − = − × −
$ I
− = −
% I
− = −

Now by comparing the powers, we get

8 = 3x – 1

O T IS
3x = 8 + 1
N A D
CO N
3x = 9
O UC AA
T IO
PY
x=

=3
ED PR

J$
13. Find x, if − × = −
©

Solution:
Let us simplify the given expression,
% I$
− × = −
% I$
− × = −
D

% I$
− = −
I$
− = −

Now by comparing the powers, we get

-21 = -2x +1
2x = 1 + 21
2x = 22

x=

= 11

14. (i) If 52x-1 = J: , find x.

O T IS
>BK × × ?
N A D
CO N
(ii) If = 27, find n.
> × ?
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:

(i) If 52x-1 = L:1 , find x.

ED PR

Let us simplify the given expression,

52x-1 = 1 L:1
©

52x-1 = 1L:M

52x-1 = 5-3x+9
Now by comparing the powers, we get
2x – 1 = -3x + 9
2x + 3x = 9 + 1
D

5x = 10

x=

=2
> × =× 1?
(ii) If = 27
×% 2
Let us simplify the given expression,
1
> &? × = × > 1?
= 33
× 2 2

[32n × 35 × 39] = (3×316) = 33

32n+5+9–1–16 = 33
Now by comparing the powers, we get

O T IS
2n + 5 + 9 – 1 – 16 = 3
2n – 3 = 3
N A D
CO N
2n = 3 + 3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2n = 6

n=
ED PR

=3
©
D
 EXERCISE 2.2

1. Express the following numbers in standard form:

(i) 0.0000000000085
(ii) 0.000000000000942
(iii) 6020000000000000
(iv) 0.00000000837

O T IS
Solution:
Let us express the numbers in their standard form,
N A D
CO N
(i) 0.0000000000085 = 8.5 × 10-12
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) 0.000000000000942 = 9.42 × 10-13
(iii) 6020000000000000 = 6.02 × 1015
ED PR

(iv) 0.00000000837 = 8.37 × 10-9

©

2. Express the following numbers in usual form:

(i) 3.02 × 10-6
(ii) 1-007 × 1011
(iii) 5.375 × 1014
(iv) 7.579 × 10-14
Solution:
Let us express the numbers in their usual form,
D

(i) 3.02 × 10-6 = 0.00000302

(ii) 1.007 × 1011 = 100700000000
(iii) 5.375 × 1014 = 537500000000000
(iv) 7.579 × 10-14 = 0.00000000000007579
3. Express the number appearing in the following statements in
standard form:
(i) The mass of a proton is 0.000000000000000000000001673 gram.
(ii) The thickness of a piece of paper is 0.0016 cm.
(iii) The diameter of a wire on a computer chip is 0.000003 m.

(iv) A helium atom has a diameter of m.

AAAAAAAAAAA

O T IS
(v) Mass of a molecule of hydrogen gas is about
0.00000000000000000000334 tons.
N A D
CO N
(vi) The human body has 1 trillion cells which vary in shapes and
O UC AA
T IO
PY
sizes.
(vii) The distance from the Earth of the Sun is 149,600,000,000 m.
ED PR

(viii) The speed of light is 300,000,000 m/sec

(ix) Mass of the Earth is 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg.
(x) Express 3 years in seconds.
©

(xi) Express 7 hectares in cm2.

(xii) A sugar factory has annual sales of 3 billion 720 million
kilograms of sugar.
Solution:
D

(i) The mass of a proton is 0.000000000000000000000001673 gram, it is

expressed in standard form as 1.673 × 10-24 gram.
(ii) Thickness of a piece of paper in standard form is 0.0016 cm; it is
expressed in standard form as 1.6 × 10-3
(iii) Diameter of a wire on a computer chip is 0.000003 m; it is
expressed in standard form as 3.0 × 10-6 m
(iv) A helium atom has a diameter of 22/100000000000 m; it is
expressed in standard form as 22 × 10-12 = 2.2 × 10-10
(v) Mass of a molecule of hydrogen gas is about
0.00000000000000000000334 tons; it is expressed in standard form as =
3.34 × 10-21 tons
(vi) Human body has 1 trillion of cells which vary in shapes and sizes; it
is expressed in standard form as 1,000,000,000,000 = 1012

O T IS
(vii) The distance from the Earth of the Sun is expressed in standard
form as
N A D
CO N
149,600,000,000 m = 1.496 × 1011
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(viii) The speed of light is 300,000,000 m/sec; it is expressed in standard
form as
ED PR

3.0 × 108 m/sec

(ix) Mass of the Earth is 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg; it is
expressed in standard form as 5.97 × 1024 kg
©

(x) Express 3 years in seconds, it is expressed in standard form as

3 years = 3 × 365 days

= 3 × 365 × 24 hours

= 3 × 365 × 24 × 3600 seconds

D

= 1040688000 seconds
= 1.040688 × 109 seconds
(xi) Express 7 hectares in cm2, it is expressed in standard form as

7 hectares = 7 × 10000 m2
= 7 × 10000 × 100 × 100 cm2

= 700000000 cm2

= 7.0 × 108 cm2

(xii) A sugar factory has annual sales of 3 billion 720 million kilograms
of sugar, it is expressed in standard form as

O T IS
Annual sale of a sugar factory = 3 billion
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
720 million kilograms sugar = 3,720,000,000 kg = 3.72 × 109 kg

T IO
PY
4. Compare the following:
ED PR

(i) Size of a plant cell to the thickness of a piece of paper.

(ii) Size of a plant cell to the diameter of a wire on a computer chip.
©

(iii) The thickness of a piece of paper to the diameter of a wire on a

computer chip.
Given size of plant cell = 0.00001275 m
Thickness of a piece of paper = 0.0016 cm
Diameter of a wire on a computer chip = 0.000003 m
D

Solution:

Given:
Size of plant cell= 0.00001275 m = 1.275 × 10-5 m

Thickness of a piece of paper = 0.0016 cm = 1.6 × 10-3 cm

Diameter of a wire on a computer chip = 0.000003 m = 3.0 × 10-6 m
(i) Size of plant cell: thickness of a piece of paper

1.275 × 10-5: 1.6 × 10-3

.
Size of plant cell = = times of thickness of paper.
.

O T IS
(ii) Size of plant cell: diameter of wire on a computer chip

N A D
CO N
1.275 × 10-5: 3.0 × 10-6
O UC AA
T IO
PY
12.75: 3.00

Size of plant cell is 4 times of diameter of wire.

ED PR

(iii) Thickness of a piece of paper: diameter of a wire on a computer

©

chip

1.6 × 10-3: 3.0 × 10-6 × 100 cm

1.6 × 1000: 300

16.1: 3
D

Approximately 5 times is the thickness of paper to diameter of wire.

5. The number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood is

approximately 5.5 million. If the average body contains 5 liters of
blood, what is the total number of red cell in the body? (1 liter =
1,00,000 mm3)
Solution:

Given:
Red blood per cubic millimeter = 5.5 million = 5.5 × 106

Red blood in 5 liters of blood = 5.5 × 106 × 5 × 105 (1 litre = 105 mm)

= 27.5 × 106+5

O T IS
= 27.5 × 1011
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
= 2.75 × 10 × 1011

T IO
PY
= 2.75 × 1012
∴ Total number of red blood cells in the body is 2.75 × 1012.
ED PR

6. Mass of Mars is 6.42 × 1029 kg and the mass of the sun is 1.99 ×
©

1030 kg. What is the total mass?

Solution:
Given:
Mass of Mars = 6.42 × 1029 kg
and mass of sun = 1.99 × 1030
Total mass = 6.42 × 1029 + 1.99 × 1030
D

= 1029 (6.42 + 1.99 × 10)

= 1029 (6.42 + 19.9)

= 26.32 × 1029
∴ Total mass of mars is 26.32 × 1029.
7. A particular star is at a distance of about 8.1 × 1013 km from the
Earth. Assuming that the light travels at 3 × 108 m/sec, find how long
does light take from that star to reach the Earth.
Solution:
Given:
Distance between earth and a particular star = 8.1 × 1013 km

Speed of light = 3 × 108 m/sec.

O T IS
%. × 31
N A D
CO N
Time is taken to reach the earth = 6
×
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= 2.7 × 1016-8
= 2.7 × 108 sec
∴ Light takes 2.7 × 108 sec from star to reach the earth.
ED PR
©
D
 Mental Maths
Question 1: Fill in the blanks:
(i) Multiplicative inverse of = ……..
(ii) The standard form of 0.000182 = ………
(iii) The standard form of ……….. is 0.00000003572.
(iv) Expanded form of 273.92 = ………..
(v) If (-7)x × = 78, then value of x is …….

O T IS
(vi) If 3n = 729, then n = ……
N A D
(vii) The value of (70 + 50) is ……..

CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
&

PY
(i) Multiplicative inverse of or & or is

(ii) The standard form of 0.000182 = 1.82 × 10-4.

ED PR

(iii) The standard form of 3.572 × 10-8 is 0.00000003572.

(iv) Expanded form of 273.92 = 2 × 102 + 7 × 10 + 3 × 100 + 9 × 10-1 + 2
× 10-2.
©

(v) if −7 I
× = 7% , then value of x is …

If −7 I
× = 7%

⇒ −7 I
× = 7% {8 is even}

⇒ −7 I
× −7 $
= −7 %
D

⇒ −7 I$
= −7 %

Comparing, we get
R+3=8
⇒R =8−3=5
∴R=5

(vi) If 3 = 729, then V = ⋯

3 729
3 243
3 81
3 27
3 9

O T IS
3 3
1
N A D
CO N
3 = 729 ⇒ 3 = 3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Comparing, V = 6
ED PR

(vii) The value of (70 + 50) is 1 + 1 = 2.

©

Question 2: State whether the following statements are true (T) or

false (F):
(i) The value of (-3)-2 is .
B
(ii) For negative integers m and n, am × an = am+n (a ≠ 0).
(iii) 30 × 40 = 120.
(iv) The value of 37 – 27 is 17.
D

(v) The standard form of 0.0034 is 3.4 × 103.

(vi) Multiplicative inverse of (-2)5 is .
Solution:
(i) The value of (-3)-2 is . (False)
(ii) For negative integers m and n, am × an = am+n (a ≠ 0). (True)
(iii) 30 × 40 = 120. (True)
⇒ 1 × 1 = 1 (a0 = 1)
(iv) The value of 37 – 27 is 17. (False)
Correct:
37 – 27 = 3 × 3 × 3 ………. 7 times – 2 × 2 × 2 …. 7 times ≠ 1
But 17 = 1
(v) the standard form of 0.0034 is 3.4 × 103. (True)
(vi) Multiplicative inverse of (-2)5 is . (True)
Multiplicative inverse of (-2)5 = (-2) × (-2) × (-2) × (-2) × (-2) × ………

O T IS
= -32
∴ Inverse = .
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct answer from the given four options (3 to 12):
ED PR

Question 3.
is equal to
©

(a) 32
(b)
(c) -32
(d)
Solution:
= (2)5 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32 (a)
D

Question 4: The value of + ÷ is

(a) 0 (b) -1

(c) 1 (d)
Solution:

+ ÷

= [ 3 + 4 ]÷ 5
= 9 + 16 ÷ 25
= 25 ÷ 25 = 1 (c)

O T IS
Question 5: If 24 × 43 = 4x, then the value of x is
N A D
CO N
(a) 5
O UC AA
(b) 7

T IO
PY
(c) 4
(d) -5
Solution:
ED PR

24 × 43 = 4x
⇒ 24 × (22)3 = (22)x
⇒ 24 × 26 = 22x
⇒ 210 = 22x
©

2x = 10
⇒ x = 5 (a)

:
B
Question 6: The value of is
AB-
D

- -
(a) (b)
B B
B B
(c) (d)
- -
Solution:
:3 3 3
1 1
= =
1 1
1
 3
1×
1
= 3 = (a)
1×
1

Question 7. × ÷ is equal to
A A
(a) (b)

O T IS
A A
(c) (d)
N A D
CO N
Solution:
%
× ÷
O UC AA
T IO
PY
%
= × ÷
ED PR

$%
= =
©

Question 8: Standard form of 0.000000789 is

(a) 78.9 × 10-8
(b) 789 × 10-9
(c) 7.89 × 10-7
(d) None
Solution:
D

0.000000789 = 7.89 × 10-7 (c)

Question 9: The usual form of 3.67 × 105 is

(a) 3670000
(b) 367000
(c) 36700
(d) 3670
Solution:
3.67 × 105 = 367000

Question 10: Multiplicative inverse of is

(a)
%

O T IS
(b)
%
%
(c)
N A D
CO N
%
(d)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:

Multiplicative inverse of or
ED PR

%
× × × Or is (c)
%
©

A
Question 11: A
+ A
+ is equal to

(a) (b) 0

(c) 9 (d) 3
Solution:
D

2 +3 + =1+1+1=3 ∵ =1 (d)

J
Question 12: If × = , then the value of x is
(a) -2 (b) 6
(c) 2 (d) -6
Solution:
% I
× =
% I
⇒ × =
$% I I

O T IS
⇒ = ⇒ ×

Comparing, 2R = 12 ⇒ R =
N A D =6

CO N
O UC AA
∴R=6
T IO
PY
(b)
ED PR

Value Based Questions

Question 1: Anaemia causes due to deficiency of Red Blood cells. The
size of a red blood cell is 0.000000007 mm. Express it in standard
©

form. Rahul is suffering from anemia, his doctor adviced him to take
healthy food regularly and avoid junk food. Why should we eat
healthy food? What values are being promoted?
Solution:
Size of a red blood cell = 0.000000007 mm = 7.0 × 10-9 mm
Deficiency of red blood cells causes anaemia so, in order to keep healthy,
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healthy food should be taken and avoid junk food.

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Question 1: Find the multiplicative inverse of (50 + 30) (50 – 30).
Solution:
(50 + 30) (50 – 30) = (1 + 1) (1 – 1) = 2 × 0 = 0
Multiplicative inverse of 0 does not exist.

JZ Z$[ J[ [$\ J\ \ Z
Question 2: Evaluate × ×
J[ J\ JZ
Solution:
I ] _$` I ^ `$b Ia b _
× ×
I^ Ia I]

O T IS
= R_ ` _$`
× R` b `$b
× Rb _ b$_

N A D
CO N
=R _ ` _$`
×R ` b `$b
×R b _ b$_
O UC AA
T IO
& `& & b& & _&
= R_ . R` . Rb

PY
& `& $`& b & $b & _&
= R_ =R =1
ED PR

JZ
Question 3: Evaluate +
JZ $J[ JZ:[ $
©

Solution:
I]
+
I ] $I ^ I ]:^ $
I]
+ L]
I ] $I ^ $
L^

I]
+ L] <L^
D

I ] $I ^
L^

I] I] I ] $I ^
+ = =1
I ] $I ^ I ] $I ^ I ] $I ^
 Check Your Progress

Question 1: Evaluate:
:

(i) (ii)

Solution:

O T IS
:3 3

=
& &
(i)
N A D
CO N
3 3
& ×&
= = =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=

(ii) =
ED PR

= × =
©

Question 2: Simplify:

(i) + + ÷

(ii) − ×
B
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(iii) [ + A
+ + +B ]÷

Solution:

(i) + + ÷ 3

= 2 +3 +4 ÷ 3
 = 8 + 27 + 64 ÷ 9 = = 11

(ii) 3 − ×

= [3 − 2 ] ×

= 27 − 8 × = 19 × =1

O T IS
N A D
CO N
(iii) [2 +3 +5 +7 +9 ]÷
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= + 1 + 5 + 49 + 729 ÷

+ 784 ÷ = ÷
ED PR

= × = = 523
©

Question 3: Find the multiplicative inverse of

Solution:
:& & &
1 1
= =
1 1
1

&
1×
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1 &
= & = & =
1×
1

∴ Multiplicative inverse is
Question 4: Simplify and write in exponential form:
: × : ×-
(i)
× A:

(ii) × ÷
-
Solution:

:2 × :1 ×

O T IS
(i) &× :2

N A D
CO N
5 625
5 125
O UC AA
T IO
PY
5 25
5 5
1
ED PR

:2 × × :1 × 2
= &× × :2
:2 × :1 × :1 × 2
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= & × :2 × :2

=2 $
×3 ×5 $ $

1
=2 × 1 ×5 =1× 1 =

=
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3
%
× ÷
&
(ii)
3
2
× ÷
&
= 2

:3
× &
= × ÷
= × ÷

= × ÷
$
= = =

K< -$ K<

O T IS
Question 5: Simplify:
× K × K<
Solution:
N A D
CO N
<& $ <3

× × <3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
× & × ×
=
× × ×
> & × ?
ED PR

=
×

= = =−
©

Question 6: Prove that (a + b)-1 (a-1 + b-1) = (ab)-1.

Solution:
(a + b)-1 (a-1 + b-1) = (ab)-1
L.H.S. = (a + b)-1 (a-1 + b-1)

= ! + #
$c c
D

$c
= ! #
$c c

= = d = R. H. S.
c

Hence, Proved L.H.S. = R.H.S.

Question 7: Find the value of x for which
J
. / × =

Solution:
I
%
. / × =
I 1

O T IS
= × − = 1

I N A D
CO N
= × =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
I$
⇒ =
ED PR

Comparing, we get,
2R + 1 = 3 ⇒ 2R = 3 − 1 = 2

⇒R= =1
©

R=1

:K × K< × - K
Question 8: If K = -, find the value of n.
Solution:
: ×%& <3 × &
D

1 = 16
: ×9 1 ;& <3 × 2 &
⇒ & 1 = 2

: × G <3 × 2 6
⇒ G = 2

⇒2 $ $ $%
=2
⇒2 $
=2
Comparing, we get,
7V + 3 = −4 ⇒ 7V = −4 − 3
⇒ 7V = −7 ⇒ V = −1
Hence V = −1

O T IS
Question 9: By what number should be multiplied to
N A D
CO N
get ?
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
product of two numbers =
ED PR

One number =

Then second number

©

= ÷

= ÷

= ÷
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= =
× × ×
= =
× × ×
Question 10: By what number should be divided to get ?
Solution:

Required number = ÷

= ÷ =

O T IS
=

N A D
CO N
Question 11: Express the following numbers in standard form:
O UC AA
T IO
(i) 0.0000000003904

PY
(ii) 12730000000000
Solution:
(i) 0.0000000003904 = 3.904 × 10-10
ED PR

(ii) 12730000000000 = 1.273 × 1013

©

Question 12: Express the following numbers in the usual form:

(i) 5.73 × 10-11
(ii) 3.895 × 1015.
Solution:
(i) 5.73 × 10-11 = 0.0000000000573
(ii) 3.895 × 1015 = 3895000000000000
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B Z Z
Question 13: If × = , then find the value of .
[ [
Solution:
_
× =
`
 _
⇒ × =
`
% _
⇒ × =
`
% _
⇒ × =
`
%$ _ _
⇒ = ⇒ =
` `

O T IS
Comparing, we get
N A D
CO N
_
=
`
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Question 14: Mass of the Earth is 5.97 × 1024 kg and mass of the
Moon is 7.35 × 1022 kg. What is the difference of their masses?
ED PR

Solution:
Mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg
and mass of Moon = 7.35 × 1022 kg
∴ Difference = (5.97 × 1024) – (7.35 × 1022)
©

= 1022 (5.97 × 102 – 7.35)

= 1022 (597 – 7.35) = 589.65 × 1022
= 5.8965 × 102 × 1022
= 5.8965 × 1024
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