REPLICATION TECHNIQUES FOR DISTRIBUTED DATABASE DESIGN » Data Replication :- Data Replication is the process of storing data in more than one site or node. It is useful in improving the availability of data. » It is simply copying data from a database from one server to another server so that all the users can share the same data without any inconsistency. > The result is a distributed database in which users can access data relevant to their tasks without interfering with the work of others. LECONTINUE » In data replication data is available at different locations, but a particular relation has to reside at only one location. >» Data replication is done with an aim to : > Increase the availability of data. » Speed up the query evaluation LEData Replication Diagram Client sac Remote Update Local Query [Table Replica | Master Table (read only} (updeteble} Database Replicate table dataTypes of Data Replication » There are two types of data replication: 1. Synchronous Replication: In synchronous replication, the replica will be modified immediately after some changes are made in the relation table. So there is no difference between original data and replica. 2. Asynchronous replication: In asynchronous replication, the replica will be modified after commit is fired on to the database. LEReplication Schemes a There can be full replication, in which the whole database is stored at every site. There can also be partial replication, in which some frequently used fragment of the database are replicated and others are not replicated.ADVANTAGES OF DATA REPLICATION - v Data Replication is generally performed to: ° To provide a consistent copy of data across all the database nodes. © To increase the availability of data. © The reliability of data is increased through data replication. ° Data Replication supports multiple users and gives high performance. © To perform faster execution of queries.CONTINUE 1. Full Replication - The most extreme case is replication of the whole database at every site in the distributed system. This will improve the availability of the system because the system can continue to operate as long as at least one site is up. a Advantages of full replication - » High Availability of Data. » Improves the performance for retrieval of global queries as the result can be obtained locally from any of the local site. » Faster execution of Queries. isadvantages of full replication - control is difficult to achieve in fullCONTINUE 2. No Replication - The other case of replication involves having No replication - that is, each fragment is stored at only one site(location). a Advantages of No replication - ° Easy recovery of data. ° Concurrency can be achieved . a Disadvantages of No replication - ° Since multiple users are accessing the same server, it may slow down the execution of queries. ° The data is not easily available as there is no replication(poor availability of data). LECONTINUE 3. Partial Replication - In this type of replication some fragments of the database may be replicated whereas others may not. » Advantages of Partial replication - ° The number of replicas created for fragments depend upon the importance of data in that fragment . LEDISADVANTAGES OF DATA REPLICATION - » More storage space is needed as storing the replicas of same data at different sites consumes more space. » Data Replication becomes expensive when the replicas at all different sites need to be updated. » Maintaining Data consistency at all different sites involves complex measures.