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Chapter 1 - CLIMATE CHANGE

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32 views2 pages

Chapter 1 - CLIMATE CHANGE

Cc

Uploaded by

mendozagemalyn3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1: Introduction, Weather and Climate

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management

1. Title of the Module Chapter

1: Weather and Climate

2. Introduction Weather and Climate are closely related though they are not the same thing. Climate
is what you expect while weather is what actually happens that you can observe within a day.
Weather includes meteorological condition such as wind, rain, snow, sunshine, temperature, etc.
– at a particular time or day. In contrast, “climate” describes the overall long-term characteristics
of the weather experienced at a certain place.

3. Learning Outcome At the end of Chapter 1, you are expected to be able to:

a) define and differentiate weather and climate and related terms

b) evaluate the importance of weather and climate for gathering of information and its effects to
climate change and disaster risk management

c) analyze the needs to study weather and climate to answer puzzles of climate change and
create models that stimulate and predict Earth’s condition.

4. Learning Content Weather Weather is the instantaneous or current state of the atmosphere and
is measurable in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction,
cloudiness and precipitation. Weather is different in different parts of the world and changes
over minutes, hours, days, and weeks. Troposphere is the layer of the Earth’s atmosphere closest
to the ground surface where weather happens. When we talk about the weather, we are talking
about the condition of the atmosphere at any particular time and place. Weather—which is
always changing—is comprised of the elements of:

1. air temperature—the degree of hotness or coldness of the air

2. air pressure—the force of the air above an area

3. humidity—a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air

4. clouds—a visible mass of tiny water droplets and/or ice crystals that are above the earth’s surface

5.. precipitation—any form of water, either liquid or solid (rain or snow), that falls from clouds and
reaches the ground
6. visibility—the greatest distance one can see

7. wind—the horizontal movement of air Weather Instruments Various instruments are used for
measuring different weather phenomena. Some of the common but important weather instruments
are listed below. Thermometer Thermometer is used to measure air temperature. Most thermometers
are in the form of a narrow closed glass tube with an expanded bulb at one end. The bulb and the lower
part of the tube are filled with liquid such as mercury or alcohol. Before the other end is sealed off,
the air in the tube is released by heating it. The bulb of the thermometer in contact with the air gets
heated or cooled, as the case may be, as a result of which the mercury in the bulb rises or falls. A scale
is marked on the glass tube and readings are taken from there. The two most common scales used
in thermometers are Centigrade and the Fahrenheit. On the Centigrade thermometer, the temperature
of melting ice is marked 0.0°C and that of boiling water as 100.0°C, and the interval between the two
is divided into 100 equal parts. On the Fahrenheit thermometer, the freezing and boiling points of
water are graduated as 32.0 F and 212.0 F respectively. While the maximum thermometer and
minimum thermometer are used to measure the air temperature, the dry bulb and the wet bulb
thermometers are used to determine the humidity in the air. Fahrenheit = (°C x 9/5) + 32 Celsius = (F –
32) x 5/9

Barometer The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is called a barometer. The most
commonly used barometers are the mercury barometer, aneroid barometer and barographs. The
unit of measurement is in the millibar (mb). Mercury barometer is an accurate instrument and is used
as a standard. In it the atmospheric pressure of any place is balanced against the weight of a
column of mercury in an inverted glass tube.

Wind Vane and Anemometer Wind vane is a device used to measure the direction of the wind. The
wind vane is a lightweight revolving plate with an arrowhead on one end and two metal plates
attached to the other end at the same angle. This revolving plate is mounted on a rod in such a manner
that it is free to rotate on a horizontal plane. It responds even to a slight blow of wind. The arrow
always points

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