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Python Common Algorithms

Common Algorithms for Python IGCSE Edexcel Computer Science

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4 views

Python Common Algorithms

Common Algorithms for Python IGCSE Edexcel Computer Science

Uploaded by

heinhtetsoe.dev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Notes

Python’s for Loops

Python’s for loops are a bit more versatile than pseudocode’s FOR loops.
Notably, it can loop over elements in the array directly!

Here’s a basic loop, like the one you’d write in pseudocode:

array = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]


for i in range(0, len(array)):
print(array[i])

this would print:

0
2
4
6
8
10

Here is another way of writing it:

array = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]


for n in array:
print(n)

this also prints:

0
2
4
6
8
10
Notice in the second example, we’re using array directly in the for loop. and so the variable
n gets the values in the array at each iteration. This is useful when we just want the items in
the array and not the index numbers: which is usually the case for totaling and counting.

Input validation

Input validation is a technique where you ensures that the user input is valid.
The basic pattern is:

<variable> = input("Message asking to enter: ")


while <condition checking if input is WRONG>:
<variable> = input("Message asking to enter again: ")

Here are a few examples:

# Input validation for even numbers


number = int(input("Please enter an even number: "))
while number % 2 != 0:
number = int(input("The number must be even; enter again: "))
...

# Input validation for a password that must have be


# between 6 and 15 letters long.
password = input("Please enter a password:" )
while len(password) < 6 or len(password) > 15:
password = input("Please enter a password of valid length: ")

Totaling

Totaling is used when you want to combine all values in the array into a single value.
The pattern is:

total = 0
for n in ...:
total += n

Here are a few examples:


array = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
# Basic totaling
total = 0
for n in array:
total += n

print(total)

To total 2D arrays, you’d need a nested loop:

array = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]


# Adding items in a 2-D array
total = 0
for i in range(0, len(array):
row = array[i]
for j in range(0, len(row)):
total += row[j]

print(total)

array = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]


# Doing it the fancy way
total = 0
for row in array:
for n in row:
total += n

print(total)

Condition totaling is used when you only want certain values that passes a condition to be
counted towards the total.

array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# Example: summing up even numbers in an array
for i in range(0, len(array)):
if array[i] % 2 == 0:
total += array[i]

print(total)

This also works similarly with 2D arrays:


array = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
# Example: summing up every even numbers in a 2D array
total = 0
for i in range(0, len(array)):
row = array[i]
for j in range(0, len(row)):
if row[j] % 2 == 0:
total += row[j]
print(total)

Counting

Counting is very similar to totaling but instead of adding the value at every loop, it adds one at
every loop.
Basic pattern goes:

counter = 0
for i in ...:
count += 1

Here are a few examples:

array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# Basic counting
count = 0
for i in range(0, len(array)):
count += 1
print(count)

Conditional counting also works similarly:

array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# Counting every elements in an array that is even
count = 0
for i in range(0, len(array)):
if array[i] % 2 == 0: # Testing if element is even
count += 1
print(count)

array = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]


# Counting the number of even elements in 2D arrays
count = 0
for i in range(0, len(array)):
row = array[i]
for j in range(0, len(row)):
if row[j] % 2 == 0:
count += 1
print(count)

Finding Minimum and Maximum

The simplest minimum/maximum searching follows this pattern:

Start with the min / max variable, initialized to the first item in the array. (For example,
array[0] )
Loop through

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