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Explanatory Notes of Unit 2-Companies

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19 views6 pages

Explanatory Notes of Unit 2-Companies

Explanatory note

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Chafim Ussene
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Unit 2: Companies

Objectives:
o Know name of different companies.
o Use the present simple tense as progressive tense in a
number of situations.
o Speaking and explain your ideas using both, present and
present continuous tense
o Write an informal and formal letters.
o Use connectors in sentences correctly.

What is a Company?
A company is legal entity formed by a group of individuals to
engage in and operate a business (commercial or industrial)
enterprise. A company may be organised in various ways for tax
and financial liability purpose depending on the corporate law of
its jurisdiction. Moreover, a company can be limited or unlimited
and private or public.

For example: Mozal, SAN, PEP, Shoprite, Coca-Cola etc.

Present simple and Present Continuous or Progressive


 Present Simple
We use the present simple to talk about:
 Something that is true in the present.
I’m a student at ISGECOF.
I live in Cuamba.
 Something that happens regularly in the present.
I go to University from Monday to Friday.
We play football at the weekends.
 Something that is always true.
Maputo is the capital city of Mozambique.
Portuguese is an official language in Mozambique.

We use do and does with also question words to make questions


with present simple.
 Where does Rita work? She works at SAN Company.
 What do you do? I’m a consultant.

We use don’t and doesn’t to make negatives with present simple.


 The students don’t go to University at the weekend.
 Angela doesn’t work at Millennium BIM.
 Present Continuous or Progressive
We use the present continuous or progressive to talk about:
 Activities at the moment of speaking:
I’m going to University now.
Rita is working at ISGECOF.
 Future plans or arrangements:
Ana is having an exam next week.
The companies are recruiting people next month.

We make questions with question words by putting am, is or are in


front of the subject:
 What are you doing at the moment? I’m studying in the
library.
 Where is Sheiza working now? She is working at Mozal
Company.

Formal and Informal Letters

Formal letters are written for official or professional


communication. On the other hand, informal letters are used for
casual or personal communication, especially when it written in
friendly manner, to someone you are familiar with.

These letters are written for various reasons or purposes. For


instance; letter to the government, order letter, complaint
letter, Inquiry letter, Business letter, Resignation letter,
leave application, leave application for maternity etc.

 Useful Phrase References

Informal Letter
Greetings: Dear + first name
Asking about them: Hi! How are things? How’s it going?
Referring to the news: Great news about… Glad to hear that…
Giving news: Listen, did I tell you… You’ll never believe what…
Making suggestions: Why don’t you..? Maybe you could…
Closing expressions: Well, got to go now. See you soon.
Signing off: Love, Lots of love, yours,
Name: your first name
Formal Letter
Greeting name unknown: Dear Sir/Madam name known: Dear Mr../Dear
Mrs…/Dear Ms…
Reason for writing: I am writing to.. I am writing with regards
to…
Asking questions: I would be grateful if.. I wonder if you could…
Referring to their letter: As you started in your letter...
Regarding/Concerning..
Closing expressions: I look forward to hearing from you.
Signing off: If Dear + name :Yours sincerely, if Dear Sir/Madam:
Yours faithfully, Dear+name: Yours
Name: your first name + surname

Letter of Application

Greeting: name unknown: Dear Sir/Madam name known: Dear Mr../Dear


Mrs../Dear Ms +name
Reason for writing: I am writing to apply for the post/position
of I am writing with reference to your advertisement, which I
saw…
Your experience: I gained some experience…My qualification
include..
CV: Please find attached my CV…
Closing expressions: I look forward to hearing from you. Please
do not hesitate to contact me if…
Signing off: if Dear=name: Your sincerely, if Dear Sir/Madam:
Yours faithfully, Dear+=name:Yours
Name: your first name + surname

Look at different examples of letters:

Informal Letter
Dear Rubben,

Thanks for your letter. At University sounds great! I’m really


glad you’ve having a good time. We all miss you here.
Yeah, buying a computer sounds a very good idea. It’s a much
better idea getting a laptop, as it’s so easy to carry around.
Also, if you’re going to be using it for essays, you’ll
definitely need a word processor and printer. You’d have to pay
extra for them. Anyway, that’s what think. Let me know which one
you decide to get. Happy shopping! So, take care, work hard (but
not too hard) and see you soon.

Bye!
Ana

Formal Letter/Application Letter

Bagamoyo Street
Nampula City
P.O. Box 555
28th October

Mr Ferreira
Museum Manager
Ed. Mondlane Avenue
Nampula City

Dear Mr Ferreira,

I am writing in response to your advertisement for tour guides,


which I read in the ‘Reporter’ on 30th September. I would like to
apply for one of the advertised positions.

I am very interested in modern art and would welcome the


opportunity to inform visitors to the gallery. I have previously
worked in a local museum, as you can see from my attached CV.

I also believe I have the personal qualities and qualifications


necessary for this position. I speak French and English languages
and recently passed the Cambridge First Certificate in English
examination with ‘A’ grade.

Should you require any further information, please do not


hesitate to contact me. I am available for interview at your
convenience.

Yours sincerely,

S. Antonio
Sarah Antonio

Connectors/Linkers (But, So, Because)


Linking words of contrast – we use them in a sentence in order to
express a contrast. These are: but, although/even though/though,
in spite of/despite, however, while/whereas, yet, nevertheless,
on the other hand.

But seems to be the most common linking word that shows contrast.
Its use in a sentence is quite simple, for example:
 We wanted to go to the museum, but it was closed.
 I like chocolate, but I don’t like ice-cream.

Clauses of result, as the name suggests, express result of


something. These are: so, as a result, therefore, consequently/as
a consequence, so/such...that.
So is probably the most common linking word of result, for
example:
 It was cold, so I decided to put on my winter coat.
 We were late to exams; as a result we missed it.

Clauses of reason are introduced with the following


expressions/words: because, as/since, the reason why/for, for,
because of/on account of/due to.

Because seems to be the most popular linking word of reason.


Usually no comma is used before because in a sentence, for
example:
 I decided to take a taxi to University because I was already
late.
 I didn’t pay my fees due to financial problems.

The end of the notes

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