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GB Sewness The shape (skewness) of a data set can be deserved Using diagrams, measures of location and measures of spread. © Adistribution can be symmetrical, have a positive skew or have a negative skew. 10 10 60 0 50: 50: 40; 40; 30 30 20 20 10: 10: eS888S8S8S “OTe a aS GT OS CLES 4S 6TES 12365 6 TBS ™ Data which are spread evenly are symmetrical. ™ Data which are mostly at lower values have a positive skew. = Data which are mostly at higher values have a negative skew. There are several ways of comparing skewness. Sometimes you will be told which to use, and sometimes you will have to choose one depending on what data you have available. Q2@Q@ Symmetrical Q-Q=0;-Q AQ®_—Q Positive Skew =O) Q;-QSUT V EL) a VEY CHAPTER 3 Uy ie Another test uses the measures of location: ® Mode = median = mean describes a distribution which is symmetrical = Mode < median < mean describes a distribution with a positive skew = Mode > median > mean describes a distribution with a negative skew 3(mean — median) Pe ae eer lhl skewed ‘ standard deviation ich tells you how the data are. You can also calculate Negative skew Symmetrical Positive skew <—__—____ 9 —_____> ™ A value of 0 implies that the mean = median and the distribution is symmetrical = A positive value implies that the median < mean and the distribution is positively skewed = A negative value implies that median > mean and the distribution is negatively skewed The further from 0 the value is, the more likely the data will be skewed.Set nolations 7 ee ag %G Yim A Wa — ee 3 ch-$ Sa 2ElAY 2 Bx SO hy 8a ar GE * bay 28 (x-R)U-9) siny- 5 qa Goa ERVR CAL ADA ro CA RQATAQT AON S ve acil $7 pat asa sh wi Yat hn bs Bt aad aay Be 5, 7 ay ‘eul ple Live fT 13 a measure’ “of linear rela hinship sft sbeechet positive linear arnlaton "ed Ob> perfect negative linear correla ion f20- =) no linear — corve la tion(Ch-6 * EOD= Su PLX = a) + Vae(x)= EUXD-TE *“EOX+)eaFlx)+b 7 Manley | Naw (aX +b) = a” Vay (x) | |Ch-? + P(220) = 0.5 +P(2>0) £0.5 *P(ze-a)= [- PL2 Za) P(2>- a= p(zea) d Arcee = Os + XN Lo) 2: Bahk e