ORIGINAL ARTICLE e-ISSN: 2349-0659 p-ISSN; 2350-0964ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Positive and Negative Impact of Smart Phone on Study Habits

among Students: A Study of Colleges of J&K
Suman Vashist 1, Thavamani2

A B S T R AC T
Aims and Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the positive and negative impact of smart phones on study habits among students:
A study of colleges of J&K. Materials and Methods: Quantitative research approach was adopted to assess the positive and negative impact
of Smart Phone on Health Status among student: A study of colleges of J&K. The present study was conducted at selected college in J&K.
Purposive sampling technique was used to select the students who were selected from colleges. The tool was developed by keeping in mind
the objectives of the study and prepared after extensive review of literature, internet sources and through discussion with guide, coguide and
opinions of various experts in the field of medical health nursing, psychology, psychiatric, social, and preventive medicine. The reliability of the
tool was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha method, which was Likert’s scale positive and negative impact of smart phone on study habit Likert’s
scale impact of smart phone on psychological health status (r = 0.764). The tool was found to be reliable. The pilot study was carried out on
30 samples to assess the feasibility for conducting main research study and to assess the relevancy of the tool. The pilot study was conducted
at BEE ENN nursing college, Jammu. The main data collection was done in the month of March 2021 and April 2021 at selected nursing college
in J&K. 250 students were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis was done according to study objectives
by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The plan of the data analysis is as follows; frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation
were calculated. Chi-square test was used for association. Results: Out of 250 students, according to the age; the majority of students were
between 19 and 21 years of age. Students had an average age of 20.51 ± 2.308. According to sex, the majority of 86.4% of students were
female. According to family patterns, the majority of 70.8% of people lived in the nuclear family. Based on the monthly household income
(Rs), the majority of people had 45.2% of Rupees with 16K to 30K. The monthly average household income was Rs. 32,880 ± 15635.96/month.
Our finding suggests that the majority of 42.4% did not use a phone at college. According to social sites, the majority of just over half 52.4%
of students used Facebook. In terms of mobile internet use, most of 82.0% of the students used social networking. A majority of 79.6% played
mobile games. Most of 80.8% of the students listened to mobile music. Just over half, 51.6% of users did not shop through the mobile app
while 48.4% did buying online. The majority 62% of students was using the online banking app. Based on the duration of use each day; the
majority of 44% of students spend 1–2 h. Our finding showed that majority of 74% students had good impact on study habit while 26% had
bad impact. The average impact on study habit was 47.80 ± 13.316. The present study finding shows the association of impact of study habits
and selected variables of pattern of smart phone use among students. As result showed that use of mobile phone at college (χ2 = 24.363,
P = 0.001), use of social site (χ2 = 19.356, P = 0.001), use of mobile phone for video call (χ2 =18.651, P = 0.001), most common purpose of using
internet by mobile (fisher’s exact value = 19.281, P = 0.001), playing games (χ2 = 84.826, P = 0.001), watching movie (χ2 = 39.719, P = 0.001),
online banking (χ2 = 18.045, P = 0.001), and duration of usage per day (fisher’s exact value = 74.168, P = 0.001), found significant at 1%. Hence,
the null hypothesis is rejected. It is concluded that pattern of smart phone use among students had significant association on study habits.
Conclusion: The study concluded that pattern of smart phone use had significant positive and negative impact on study habits. Nurses role
are very important to understand, management and prevention of these of these problems among students.
Keywords: Impact, Smart phone, Students, Study habits
Asian Pac. J. Health Sci., (2021); DOI: 10.21276/apjhs.2021.9.1.11

INTRODUCTION 1
Department of Nursing, Desh Bhagat University, Punjab, India,
Mobile phones are considered as an essential part of day-to-day 2
Department of Nursing, Obstetrics and Gynecology in Nursing, SCPM
life. Electronic devices have become one of the favorite activities Nursing College, Haripur, Uttar Pradesh, India
of students. The world of electronic devices, however in changing Corresponding Author: Suman Vashist, Department of Nursing, Desh
dramatically. Students, in particular, spend a significant amount Bhagat University, Punjab, India. E-mail: [email protected]
of time viewing and interacting with electronic devices. Students How to cite this article: Vashist S, Thavamani. Positive and Negative
spend more times using media use electronic devices to improve Impact of Smart Phone on Study Habits among Students: A Study of
the efficiency and effectiveness of the knowledge and such as Colleges of J&K. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci., 2021;9(1):54-57
information about the students. Source of support: Nil
Mobile phone is largely seen as one of the world’s biggest Conflicts of interest: None.
technology platform. It is a source of knowledge, entertainment, Received: 20/08/21 Revised: 23/09/21 Accepted: 15/10/21
brand building, commerce, education, and much more.
However, mobile phone, which has over the years changed the
phones, making or receiving calls, while they utilize various
way we live, work, and communicates. Mobile phone addiction
has been a headache for several Asian countries such as India, programs or just tap on touch screens for several minutes at a
South Korea, and China over the past decade. The usage of time. The possibilities offered by smart phones are intriguing
mobile phones is a lifestyle component. Young people in and many individuals have a very high cumulative time using
particular are frequently continually spotted using their smart smart phones each day.[1]

©2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Suman and Thavamani: Impact of smart phone use on study habits among students: A
study of self-financing nursing colleges of J&K www.apjhs.com

A smart phone is an advanced mobile phone device which is Table 1: Finding related to the Socio-demographic profile of
designed to solve daily accessibility problems. Smart phones provide students. n=250
so many features and allow more than make phone calls and send Variables OPTS Frequency (f) Percentage
text messages. Smart phones have become a device highly in Age(in years) ≤2518 50 20.0
demand due to its power to perform basic and advanced computer 19–21 106 42.4
22–24 72 28.8
functions. Any problem can be solved through one touch nowadays. ≥25 22 8.8
That is why in modern life style, people cannot live without it, and Sex Male 34 13.6
they have become the necessity in life. The use of smart phones Female 216 84.4
provides high quality performance and quick access to information Course GNM 24 9.6
and entertainment, such as mobile audio and video calls, mobile Post B. Sc (N) 26 10.4
B. Sc (N) 178 71.2
teleconferencing, sending and receiving emails, and easy access to M. Sc (N) 22 8.8
the internet for different kinds of people, including students. One Academic class 1st year 61 24.4
more usage of it is entertainment and social media. It is a source of 2nd year 75 30.0
all kinds of social connectivity and fun. Because of which, people 3rd year 68 27.2
especially students get addicted to it, which, in turn, influence their 4th year 46 18.4
Habitat Rural 190 76.0
studies, moral values and mental and physical health.[2]
Urban 60 24.0
However, smart phone has also made students’ lives easier, as Present residing Home 48 19.2
they can access their school information on the gadget through Hosteller 180 72.0
electronic learning (e-learning), and mobile learning (m-learning) Paying guest 22 8.8
as well as they can learn or get any kind of knowledge on them.[3] Father’s Informal 50 20.0
educational Middle 52 20.8
status Secondary 49 19.6
M AT E R I A L S AND METHODS Senior secondary 44 17.6
Graduation or above 55 22.0
Quantitative research approach was adopted to assess the positive Mother’s Informal 115 46.0
and negative impact of Smart Phone on study habit among student: educational Middle 25 10.0
A study of colleges of J&K. The present study was conducted at status Secondary 33 13.2
selected nursing college in J&K. Purposive sampling technique was Senior secondary 44 17.6
Graduation or above 33 13.2
used to select the students who were selected from colleges. The Father’s Government job 77 30.8
tool was developed by keeping in mind the objectives of the study occupation Private Job 33 13.2
and prepared after extensive review of literature, internet sources Business 64 25.6
and through discussion with guide, co-guide and opinions of various Other 76 30.4
experts in the field of Medical health nursing, Psychology, psychiatric, Mother’s House wife 138 55.2
occupation Government job 77 30.8
social, and preventive medicine. The reliability of the tool was assessed
Private job 35 14.0
by Cronbach’s alpha method, which was Likert’s scale impact of smart Type of family Nuclear 177 70.8
phone on physical health status (r = 0.845), Likert’s scale impact of Joint 73 29.2
smart phone on psychological health status (r = 0.764). The tool was Family income ≤15,000 26 10.4
found to be reliable. The pilot study was carried out on 30 samples (Rs./month) 16,000–30,000 113 45.2
to assess the feasibility for conducting main research study and to 31,000–45,000 54 21.6
46,000–55,000 35 14.0
assess the relevancy of the tool. The pilot study was conducted at ≥55,000 22 8.8s
BEE ENN College, Jammu. The main data collection was done in the
month of March 2021 and April 2021 at selected nursing college Table 3 presents that impact of smart phone use on study habit
in J&K. 250 students were selected for the study using purposive among students. Out of 250 students; majority of 74% students
sampling technique. The data analysis was done according to study had good impact on study habit while 26% had bad impact. The
objectives using descriptive and inferential statistics. The plan of the average impact on study habit was 47.80 ± 13.316.
data analysis is as follows; frequency, percentage, mean, and standard
deviation were calculated. Chi-square test was used for association.
Section IV
R E S U LTS Finding related to find out the association of study habits and
selected variables of pattern of smart phone use among students.
Section I Table 4 reveals that association of impact of study habits
Finding related to the Socio-demographic profile of students (Table 1). and selected variables of pattern of smart phone use among
students. The result showed that use of mobile phone at college
(χ2 = 24.363, P = 0.001), use of social site (χ2 = 19.356, P = 0.001),
Section II use of mobile phone for video call (χ2 = 18.651, P = 0.001),
Finding related to assess the pattern of smart phone use among most common purpose of using internet by mobile (Fisher’s
students (Table 2). exact value = 19.281, P = 0.001), playing games (χ2 = 84.826,
P = 0.001), watching movie (χ2 = 39.719, P = 0.001), online
banking (χ2 = 18.045, P = 0.001), duration of usage per day
Section III (fisher’s exact value = 74.168, P = 0.001), and found significant at
Finding related to assess the impact of smart phone use on study 1%. While, Listening music (χ2 = 0.036, P = 0.849), online shopping
habits among students. (χ2 = 2.482, P = 0.115), and reading news (χ2 = 3.048, P = 0.081)

55 Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences | Vol. 9 | Issue 1 | January-March | 2021

www.apjhs.com Suman and Thavamani: Impact of smart phone use on study habits among students: A
study of self-financing nursing colleges of J&K

Table 2: Finding related to assess the pattern of smart phone use Table 4: Association of impact of study habits and selected variables
among students. n=250 of pattern of smart phone use among students. n=250
Variables OPTS Frequency (f) Percentage Variables Impact of study habits χ2 values df P-value
Use of mobile phone Smart phone 250 100.0 Bad Good
Use of mobile phone at Yes 100 40.0 Use of mobile
college No 106 42.4 phone at college
Sometimes 44 17.6 Yes 39 61 24.363 2 0.001**
Use of social site Facebook 131 52.4 No 26 80
Instagram 75 30.0 Sometime 0 44
Twitter 22 8.8 Use of social site
All the above 22 8.8 Facebook 39 92 19.356 3 0.001**
Use of mobile phone for Very often 107 42.8 Instagram 26 49
video call Twitter 0 22
Sometimes 143 57.2 All the above 0 22
Purpose of using internet Social 205 82.0 Use of mobile
by mobile networking phone for video call
Chatting 23 9.2 Very often 13 94 18.651 1 0.001**
Educational 22 8.8 Sometime 52 91
Playing games Yes 199 79.6 Most common
No 51 20.4 purpose of using
Listening music Yes 202 80.0
internet by mobile
No 48 19.2
Social networking 65 140 19.281 2 0.001**
Watching movie Yes 211 84.4
Chatting 0 23
No 39 15.6
Educational 0 22
Online shopping Yes 121 48.4
Playing games
No 129 51.6
Yes 26 173 84.826 1 0.001**
Online banking Yes 155 62.0
No 39 12
No 95 38.0
Listening music
Reading news Yes 71 28.4
Yes 52 150 0.036 1 0.849NS
No 179 71.6
No 13 35
Using e-mail in mobile Yes 250 100.0
Watching movie
Duration of usage per <30 min 68 27.2
Yes 39 172 39.719 1 0.001**
day 1–2 h 110 44.0
No 26 13
3–4 h 59 23.6
Online shopping
˃4 h 13 5.2
Yes 26 95 2.482 1 0.115NS
No 39 90
Online banking
Table 3: Impact of smart phone use on study habit among students
Yes 26 129 18.045 1 0.001**
n=250 No 39 56
Impact on study habit f % Mean±SD Reading news
Bad impact 65 26.0 47.80±13.316 Yes 13 58 3.048 1 0.081NS
Good Impact 185 74.0 No 52 127
Duration of usage
found non-significant at 5%. Hence, the null hypothesis is per day
<30 min 0 68 74.168F 3 0.001**
rejected. It is concluded that pattern of smart phone use among 1–2 h 39 71
students had significant association on study habits. 3–4 h 13 46
>4 h 13 0
DISCUSSION χ2 = Chi square, df = degree of freedom, F= Fisher’s exact Test, NS= Non-
significant, **= Significant at 1%, *=Significant at 5%
The present study was to assess Impact of Smart Phone use on
study habits among Students: A study of Self-Financing Nursing adults. The result is shown that the mean age of the respondents
Colleges of J&K. Descriptive study designed was adopted for this was 21.23 ± 9.44 years. They found majority of male i.e. (82.91%).
study. Purposive sampling technique was used to enroll the study Our finding suggests that the majority of 42.4% did not use
subjects. 250 students were enrolled from selected nursing college a phone at college. According to social sites, the majority of just
of J&K. Out of 250 students, according to the age; the majority of over half 52.4% of students used Facebook. In terms of mobile
students were between 19 and 21 years of age. Students had an internet use, most of 82.0% of the students used social networking.
average age of 20.51 ± 2.308. According to sex, the majority of A majority of 79.6% played mobile games. Most of 80.8% of the
86.4% of students were female. According to family patterns, the students listened to mobile music. Just over half, 51.6% of users
majority of 70.8% of people lived in the nuclear family. Based on did not shop through the mobile app while 48.4% did buying
the monthly household income (Rs), the majority of people had online. The majority 62% of students was using the online banking
45.2% of Rupees with 16K to 30K. The monthly average household app. Based on the duration of use each day; the majority of 44% of
income was Rs. 32,880 ± 15,635.96/month. Similar study was students spend 1–2 h. Supported study by Ndubuaku et al.[6] has
conducted by Rai et al.[4] The effects of excessive use of smart shown that 52.2% represent males and 47.5% females. 310 (77.5%)
phones among Nursing College Students. They found that the age of the respondents confirm using social media for academic
of students was 18–25 years. The findings of present study were in purposes of research and downloading of academic materials.
relevance to the study of Dongre et al. (2017)[5] to evaluate mobile Facebook (27.3%), WhatsApp (26.3%), Twitter (20.6%), Instagram
phone dependence and impact of cell phone on health among (12.3%), and Telegram (8.3%) were the most popular platforms.

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences | Vol. 9 | Issue 1 | January-March | 2021 56

Suman and Thavamani: Impact of smart phone use on study habits among students: A
study of self-financing nursing colleges of J&K www.apjhs.com

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