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Mmo Exercises 2

Collection of Olympiad problems

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21 views2 pages

Mmo Exercises 2

Collection of Olympiad problems

Uploaded by

ozgurkircak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MMO Preparation Worksheet-2

1. Let a be a positive integer. Prove that the equation x2 − y 2 = a3 has


always solution in the set of integers.
n
2. Prove that 17 - 23 + 1 for any n ∈ N.
3. Prove that 1 + 2n + 3n + 4n is divisible by 5 if and only if 4 - n.

4. Prove that 169 | 33n+3 − 26n − 27 for all n ∈ N.


5. Prove that (a − 1)2 | an+1 − n(a − 1) − a for all n ∈ N.
6. Prove that if 9 | a3 + b3 + c3 , where a, b, c ∈ Z, then at least one of a, b, c
is divisible by 3.

7. Prove that 3 | a2 + b2 =⇒ 3 | a and 3 | b.


8. Prove that 7 | a2 + b2 =⇒ 7 | a and 7 | b.
9. Prove that 11 | a2 + b2 =⇒ 11 | a and 11 | b.

10. Solve a2 + b2 + 7 = 102010 in the set of integers.


11. Solve x3 + y 3 + z 3 = 2012 in Z.
12. Solve x5 + y 5 + z 5 = 2009 in Z.
13. Find all n ∈ N such that n4 + 4n is a prime number.

14. Let p be a prime, p 6= 3. Prove that if p | a + b and p2 | a3 + b3 for some


positive integers a, b then p2 | a + b or p3 | a3 + b3 .
15. Find all primes p, q such that 2pq − q p = 7.
16. Solve 2x − 3y = 1 in the set of positive integers.

17. Solve 5x − 3y = 16 in the set of positive integers.


18. Find all n ∈ N such that 2n | 3n − 1.
19. Find all pairs (m, n) of integers such that mn − 1 | n3 − 1.

20. Find all integers x, y such that x + y, x + 2y, 2x + y are all perfect squares.
21. Solve px = y 4 + 4 in the set of integers, where p is prime.
22. Solve (x2 + 2)(y 2 + 3)(z 2 + 4) = 60xyz in N.
23. Consider the sequence x0 = 0, x1 = 1 and xn+2 = 3xn+1 − 2xn for n =
1, 2, 3, ... Define yn = x2n +2n+2 . Show that yn is a square of an odd integer
for all nonnegative integer n.

1
24. Find all functions f : N → N such that for all n ∈ N:

f (f (n)) + f (n) = 2n + 6.

25. Find all functions f : N → N such that for all n ∈ N:

f (f (n)) + f (n) = 6n.

26. Find all injective functions f : N → N such that for all n ∈ N:

n + f (n)
f (f (n)) ≤ .
2

27. Find all functions f : N → N such that for all x, y ∈ N:

x2 + f (y) | (f (x))2 + y.

28. Find all functions f : N0 → N0 such that for all m, n ∈ N0 :

mf (n) + nf (m) = (m + n)f (m2 + n2 ).

29. Let x, y, z > 0 and x + y + z = 3. Prove that


1 1 1
√ + √
3 y
+ √ ≥ 3.
3
x 3
z

30. Let a, b, c be positive reals with a + b + c = 1. Prove that


ab bc ca 1
√ +√ +√ ≤ .
ab + c bc + a ca + b 2

31. Let a, b, c be positive reals satisfying ab + bc + ca = 3. Prove that


1 1 1 1
+ + ≤ .
1 + a2 (b + c) 1 + b2 (c + a) 1 + c2 (a + b) abc

32. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that

ab(a + b) bc(b + c) ca(c + a)


+ 2 + 2 ≥ a + b + c.
c2 + ab a + bc b + ca

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