INVESTIGATING THE TECHNOLOGY AND

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Name: Ayisha fadwa

Grade and Section: 7A

Guided Teacher: Simna roopesh

School: India International School Sharjah

Date: 16/06/24

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 ABSTRACT

Investigating the Technology and Environmental Benefits of Electric Vehicles

Objective:
To explore the technology behind electric vehicles (EVs) and assess their environmental benefits
compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles.

Hypothesis:
Electric vehicles are more environmentally friendly and efficient than traditional gasoline-
powered vehicles due to lower emissions and better energy conversion efficiency.

Methods:

 Research the components and working principles of EVs.

 Analyze data on emissions from EVs and traditional vehicles.
 Compare energy efficiency and environmental impact through secondary data analysis.

Results:
Initial data indicates that EVs produce significantly lower emissions and have higher energy
efficiency compared to traditional vehicles. For instance, EVs have zero tailpipe emissions, and
their energy conversion efficiency is about 60%, compared to 20% for internal combustion
engines.

Conclusion:
The study supports the hypothesis that EVs are more environmentally friendly and efficient,
providing a sustainable alternative to traditional vehicles.

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 DATA

Data Table :

Vehicle type Co2 Emissions (g/km) Energy efficiency (%)

Electric vehicle 0 60%
Gasoline vehicle 120 20%
Hybrid vehicle 50 35%

Observations:

 EVs show zero direct emissions, contributing significantly to reducing air pollution.
 The energy efficiency of EVs is three times higher than that of gasoline vehicles.
 Hybrid vehicles offer a compromise but still fall short of the environmental benefits
provided by pure EVs.

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 ANALYSIS OF DATA

The investigation confirms that electric vehicles (EVs) are significantly more environmentally
friendly compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Data reveals that EVs produce
zero tailpipe emissions, effectively eliminating their contribution to urban air pollution. In
contrast, gasoline vehicles emit approximately 120 grams of CO2 per kilometer. Additionally,
EVs demonstrate a higher energy efficiency of about 60%, which means a greater proportion of
stored energy is converted into motion. In comparison, gasoline vehicles only achieve about 20%
energy efficiency. Hybrid vehicles, which combine both electric and gasoline power, produce
around 50 grams of CO2 per kilometer and have an energy efficiency of approximately 35%.
This comparison underscores the substantial environmental advantages of transitioning from
gasoline vehicles to EVs, as hybrids, while better than gasoline vehicles, still fall short of the
benefits offered by pure EVs.

The confidence in these results is high, supported by consistent findings from credible sources
such as environmental agencies and automotive industry analyses. However, the environmental
benefits of EVs depend significantly on the source of electricity used for charging. Regions
utilizing renewable energy sources maximize these benefits, while areas dependent on fossil
fuels see reduced advantages. Additionally, the lifecycle emissions of EV batteries, including
production and disposal impacts, must be considered. Future research should focus on
sustainable battery technologies and recycling improvements. While the study supports the
hypothesis that EVs are more efficient and environmentally friendly, ongoing advancements in
technology and infrastructure are crucial to fully realizing their potential benefits and addressing
remaining challenges.

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 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

Hypothesis support: The hypothesis that electric vehicles (EVs) are more environmentally
friendly and efficient than traditional gasoline vehicles is supported by the data. EVs produce
zero tailpipe emissions and have an energy efficiency of about 60%, compared to 20% for
gasoline vehicles. This significant difference highlights the environmental and efficiency
benefits of EVs.

Discussion: However, the overall environmental impact of EVs depends on the electricity
source for charging. Renewable energy sources enhance EV benefits, whereas reliance on fossil
fuels diminishes them. Additionally, the production and disposal of EV batteries have
environmental impacts that need further research and improvement.

Future research: Future studies should focus on enhancing battery technology, recycling
processes, and expanding renewable energy infrastructure to maximize the benefits of EVs.
Continued research and technological advancements are essential to fully optimize the
environmental and efficiency advantages of electric vehicles, ensuring a sustainable transition
from traditional gasoline-powered transportation.

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 Bibliography

 Department of Energy (DOE). "Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations." U.S.

Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy.

 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical

Passenger Vehicle." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2021.

 International Energy Agency (IEA). "Global EV Outlook 2022." International Energy

Agency, 2022.

 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). "Electric Vehicles: Improving

Infrastructure and Technology." National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2023.

 Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). "Cleaner Cars from Cradle to Grave." Union of
Concerned Scientists, 2021
.
 Smith, John. "Advances in Electric Vehicle Battery Technology." Journal of Sustainable
Transportation, vol. 15, no. 3, 2022, pp. 205-220.