ene Figure 316 Biomes This map shows the location ofthe words major biomes Each biome has a characteris lmete and community / { \ : 54 now ‘ re ¥ @ ocean & \ AUSTRALIA 4 KEY a] {Ba Topic nin st Terps gan Norton | opie dy foest Gl Tepaate mocland un ones ret iia @ torpor rest Tare “Topical ran forests have mote species than all fthe ater biomes carbined, Tropes rin forests typical get at least 2 meters fran annual Tal tess form a eee, leafy covering called a anopy from 80 to 80 meters above the foros foo: nthe shade and vines form a layer elle the understory, matter on the forest oer isregyced andrausec so quchy thatthe soln meet tropical in fers not very ich nian Abiotic factors: arm and wet yeu thin, rutentpoor sil Plat life: Undertory plants compete for sunlight, 0 many have large leaves to eapture light. Tal wees growing in shalow soften have butess roots, which act ike props for soport. Epic pant grow on the branches of al plants, aking dvantage of alae sunlight, ‘Animal fe: Arial reactive al year Many ure camouflage to aE ay hide eam predator; some can change cla o match thei su Mow roundings. Arimasin the canopy have adaptations for cing, senping, and igh aere Mont 96 chapter 3 The Bong TROPICAL DRY FOREST “Tropical dry forests grow where rin seazonsalterate wth dy seasors. In most places, 2 period olan is olonedby e prolonged pesos ofcrought ‘Abiotic factors: warm yearround altematng wet and dy sacons; ch sll subject t erosion Biotic factors Plan Hf: Mary plants here loz theileaves during the dy eesean, Some leaves hae an extra thick wary ayer to ede water loss. Others, Animal life: Many animale reduce thair ead for water by entering long periods of nse simiar to hibernation, bt ypcally tke Ing place during a cry season. Other animals, including mary bids and primate, move to areas where water i avaiable during the sy season ‘TROPICAL GRASSLAND/SAVANNA/SHRUBLAND ‘This biome receives more zeaonalenfall than deserts but les than piel dry forests, Grey seat are spotted vith roated trees and small roves of trees and shrubs. ‘Abiotic factors: warm; seasonal anal compact ois Foquent fos sty lightning loti actors Plant tif: Plant adaptations are silat hose in the wopcal dy for tts nccing wy lal coverings and seezanal lea lou, Some grapes have ahigh siice conten that mates ther less appetizing to reing herbivores Alo, grees have aaaptatons that ensbe them 0 con- tinue to grow aterbaing razed, Ania if: Mary animals migrate in sosch of water dung the dey fearon, while some smal snimae burrow and remain dormant Desens receive lass than 25 centimeters of precipitation anna but vary greatly dopencing on elevation and latitude. Many deers unee oxreme daly temperature changes between hot an cad Abiotic factors low pracptaton vaibletempartuos lle rch in minerals bat poor n organic mata loti factors Plant life: May plans incling coc tore water nthe tess, an riniie la surface ara to cut down on water loss, Cactus spines are tunly modified eave, Aaimal fe Mary deser animals got the water hey nae fom their {ood To avid re heat of the day, mary are active only a right Blood vessls near th skin help sna ov body hat.‘aufltuthy Month revonetetann dbsosees TEMPERATE GRASSLAND Pins andres with fra sol once covered much ofthe Midwestern and contra United States, land that iro used for farms. Perio fires snd hesny grazing by herbivores maintained the plant, ‘communis dominated by gras. Abiotic factors: warm to hat sumer cold winters: moderately foal preiptation fle sos cecasonal fre loti factore Plant ite: Grassland plants, expecially gr and fre, Dspera of seeds by wind is common. The rot strutre of ative gaslan plants helps establish and retain dep, rch feta ‘ope ‘Animal if: These open, exposed environments make predation & ‘stant Seat for smaller arial, Camouflage and burrowing or common protective adaptors Here age areas of grasses and widlomers such as poppies ae interspersed with oak and other trees, Communities that re more shrubland than forest are known as chopra Dasa, low pants that Contin forimable oils make fire a constant trot, [Abiotic factor: warm, dry summers coo, is winters thin, nt tet poar sos pert Biotic factors Plant life: Woody chaparral plans have tough waxy leaves that resist, wate los Fire resistances mporant. although the seeds of cme pnts need fire to germinate, ‘Animale: Arima ted to oat varied dats of grases, leaves, {hubs and other vegetation in expored shrbland, camouflage is “Tempera frst have cold wintrs and warm summer. Coniferous tres produce reed-benring cones In stun, deauous Hees sed their loaves Fare sols we often ich n um, 2 matral formed from decaying leaves and other organic matte es Abiotic factor: cold to moderte winters; warm summer; yearround precipitation; fertile salle loti factors Plant ite: Deciduous trees drop their leaves end go ato a sate of ormnaney in wines Confers have needa leave that minimize ‘ater losin dy wirtar ac ‘Animal ie: Aci nay cape wth changing weatherby hibernating ‘ringrating to warmer climates, Other animals may be camouaged {oescape predation the winter when bare tree Inve them more eoposedpeed 96 copter The Bosphew Remakes eet icen os il, moss and abundant anal nature many tl cnifers, fom (Jantredwoods to spice fi, and hemlock, along wih Rowerng oes Sed sab Moss often covers tre wunks and the forest las. This Biome s sometime called 3 temperate rain forest." ‘Abiotic factors: mid temperatures; abundant precptaton in fl ‘inter, and spring cool, dry summers rly, ei ols Biotic factors Plat ie: Senora! omparatnn nition means tha theo less versity hee than ln ropa ain forest. Howover, amp water, Sand mutants suppor lath, dense plant growth ‘Animal fe: Carouge hops insects and ground-neling mam tral avid predation. Many srimal are browsers—thay 2at 8 Varied cat an advantage n an envionment where vegetation ‘changes seasonal Perens acne “The word boreal comes from the Greek word fr “north Dense Foret of coniferous evergcers along the norher edge of the temperate zone are calle brea forests, or alg rv gohl Winters tt biter cle, but summers ae mild and long enough allow the ‘round to tha ‘Abiotic factors long, cold winters short, ld summers; moder fhe pretation; igh humily acc, nutrient pace sols Biotic factors Plant Ife: Conifer shape and wax-covered needle leaves Shed! sow, an preven excess water loss “Animal ite: Saying war fethe major chalenge. Mosthave small ‘Suro end ena insulation i he frm of fat or downy feth fr Some migrate to warmer ares in winter: Rie “Tho tunda i charectoraed by petmalst,a layer of permanently fozen| {Lbs During the shor cool summey the ground thaws a depth of ‘fo continetes and becomes soggy. This cy of having and fee. wy psa crushes plant rout, ache one reaton that andr lon ‘he sal and surtac Cldteparatres, igh winds a shor rowing Seosn, ang humus poor sos aloft plantheight [Abiotie factors: strong winds low precipitation; short and soggy ‘Summers long, cod, dar winter; thin sos Blot factors Pant lite: Ground-hugging messes and thor low gowing plans tre damage rom fequent song winds Seed dsporsal by wind ‘Animal if: Many ental migrate to avoid winters. Yeaounel teint play edaptatons song them natural ntieeze, Tall oxomtos tat Iichest los, ands varied dit