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MediaTek Inc.

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RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 USER’s
x.c ID
MANUAL
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Copyright © 2012 MediaTek Inc.

All Rights Reserved.

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This document is property of Ralink Technology Corporation Transmittal, receipt, or possession of

this document does not express, license, or imply any rights to use, sell, design, or manufacture from
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this information or the software documented herein. No reproduction, publication, or disclosure of this
information, in whole or in part, shall be allowed, unless the prior written consent of Ralink
Technology Corporation is obtained.
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NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS SENSITIVE INFORMATION AND HAS RESTRICTED

DISTRIBUTION.
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 RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 User’s Manual

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Proprietary Notice and Liability Disclaimer

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The confidential Information, technology or any Intellectual Property embodied therein, including

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without limitation, specifications, product features, data, source code, object code, computer

programs, drawings, schematics, know-how, notes, models, reports, contracts, schedules and

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samples, constitute the Proprietary Information of Ralink (hereinafter "Proprietary Information")

All the Proprietary Information is provided "AS IS". No Warranty of any kind, whether express or

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implied, is given hereunder with regards to any Proprietary Information or the use, performance or

function thereof. Ralink hereby disclaims any warranties, including but not limited warranties of

non-infringement, merchantability, completeness, accuracy, fitness for any particular

x.c ID
purpose, functionality and any warranty related to course of performance or dealing of Proprietary

Information. In no event shall Ralink be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages
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associated with or arising from use of the Proprietary Information in any way, including any loss of

use, data or profits.

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Ralink retains all right, title or interest in any Proprietary Information or any Intellectual Property

embodied therein. The Proprietary Information shall not in whole or in part be reversed, decompiled

or disassembled, nor reproduced or sublicensed or disclosed to any third party without Ralink's prior
o@ EK

written consent.

Ralink reserves the right, at its own discretion, to update or revise the Proprietary Information from

time to time, of which Ralink is not obligated to inform or send notice. Please check back if you have
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any question. Information or items marked as "not yet supported" shall not be relied on, nor taken

as any warranty or permission of use.

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MediaTek Inc. (Taiwan)

5F, No.5, Tai-Yuen 1st Street,

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ChuPei City

HsinChu Hsien 302, Taiwan, ROC

Tel +886-3-560-0868

Fax +886-3-560-0818

Sales Taiwan: [email protected]

Technical Support Taiwan: [email protected]

http://www.ralinktech.com/

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 SDK History ................................................................................................................................... 9

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2 Version History............................................................................................................................ 13

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3 Overview of the Ralink AP Demo Board ................................................................................. 15

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3.1 RT2880 ................................................................................................................................... 15

3.2 RT3052 ................................................................................................................................... 18

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3.3 RT3883 ................................................................................................................................... 20

3.4 RT3352 ................................................................................................................................... 23

3.5
x.c ID RT5350 ................................................................................................................................... 25
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3.6 RT6855 ................................................................................................................................... 28

3.7 RT6856 ................................................................................................................................... 30

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4 AP SDK source code overview ................................................................................................ 32

5 Tool-chain .................................................................................................................................... 33
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5.1 Install toolchain ...................................................................................................................... 33

5.2 Install LZMA Utility................................................................................................................. 33

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5.3 Install mksquashfs utility ....................................................................................................... 33

6 Boot loader .................................................................................................................................. 35

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6.1 Uboot Configuration .............................................................................................................. 35

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6.2 Build the uboot Image ........................................................................................................... 36

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6.3 Burn the uboot image ........................................................................................................... 36

7 User Library ................................................................................................................................. 38

7.1 Library Configuration............................................................................................................. 38

7.2 Library Porting........................................................................................................................ 38

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7.3 Build user library .................................................................................................................... 39

8 User Application.......................................................................................................................... 40

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8.1 Ralink Proprietary Applications ........................................................................................... 40

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8.1.1 ATED ............................................................................................................................. 40

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8.1.2 REG ............................................................................................................................... 40

8.1.3 FLASH ........................................................................................................................... 40

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8.1.4 GPIO .............................................................................................................................. 41

8.1.5 MII_MGR ....................................................................................................................... 41

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8.1.6 MTD ............................................................................................................................... 42
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8.1.7 NVRAM.......................................................................................................................... 43

8.1.8 SPICMD ........................................................................................................................ 44

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8.1.9 I2CCMD ......................................................................................................................... 44

8.1.10 Script .............................................................................................................................. 45

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8.2 goahead .................................................................................................................................. 45

8.3 nvram library .......................................................................................................................... 45

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8.4 wsc_upnp ................................................................................................................................ 45

8.5 iptables .................................................................................................................................... 45

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8.6 ntpclient ................................................................................................................................... 45

8.7 mtd-utils .................................................................................................................................. 45

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8.8 ppp-2.4.2 ................................................................................................................................. 46

8.9 bridge-utils .............................................................................................................................. 46

8.10 wireless_tools ......................................................................................................................... 46

8.11 inadyn ...................................................................................................................................... 46

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8.12 zebra-0.95a_ripd .................................................................................................................... 46

8.13 wpa_supplicant-0.5.7 ............................................................................................................ 47

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8.14 totd-1.5 .................................................................................................................................... 47

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8.15 samba-3.0.2 ........................................................................................................................... 47

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8.16 radvd-1.0 ................................................................................................................................. 47

8.17 pptp-client ............................................................................................................................... 47

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8.18 rp-l2tp-0.4 ............................................................................................................................... 47

8.19 ctorrent-dnh3.2 ...................................................................................................................... 48

8.20
x.c ID dhcp6....................................................................................................................................... 48
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8.21 dnsmasq-2.40 ........................................................................................................................ 48

8.22 igmpproxy ............................................................................................................................... 48

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8.23 matrixssl-1.8.3........................................................................................................................ 48

8.24 rp-pppoe-3.8 ........................................................................................................................... 49

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8.25 usb_modeswitch-0.9.5 .......................................................................................................... 49

8.26 Port new user application ..................................................................................................... 49

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9 Linux Kernel ................................................................................................................................ 52

9.1 Linux configuration ................................................................................................................ 52

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9.2 Change Flash/DRAM Size ................................................................................................... 54

9.3 Change Switch Controller in RT2880 Platform ................................................................. 54

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9.4 Update User/Kernel default settings ................................................................................... 55

9.5 Compile Linux image ............................................................................................................ 56

9.6 Port new Linux kernel module ............................................................................................. 56

9.7 Execute commands at boot up time ................................................................................... 58

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9.8 Add new files in RootFs ........................................................................................................ 58

9.9 Image DownSize ................................................................................................................... 58

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10 Flash Layout and Firmware Upgrade ...................................................................................... 62

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10.1 Flash Layout ........................................................................................................................... 62

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10.2 SPI Flash vendor support ..................................................................................................... 63

10.3 Firmware Upgrade................................................................................................................. 64

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10.3.1 By Uboot........................................................................................................................ 64

10.3.2 By WebUI ...................................................................................................................... 65

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11 FAQ .............................................................................................................................................. 67
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11.1 RT2880 Default password/UART/networking setting ...................................................... 67

11.2 System requirements for the host platform........................................................................ 67

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11.3 How to add new default parameter in flash ....................................................................... 68

11.3.1 Example 1 ..................................................................................................................... 68

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11.3.2 Example 2 ..................................................................................................................... 68

11.4 Enable Ethernet Converter Feature .................................................................................... 69

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11.5 Change RF chip from RT2820 to RT2850 on the RT2880 platform .............................. 71

11.6 How to change the Ethernet MAC address ....................................................................... 71

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11.7 How to configure GPIO ports ............................................................................................... 72

11.8 Use GPIO to turn on LED ..................................................................................................... 73

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11.9 Use LED firmware to turn on LED ...................................................................................... 77

11.10 How to start the telnet server ............................................................................................... 80

11.10.1 busybox setting ............................................................................................................ 80

11.10.2 Linux setting.................................................................................................................. 80

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11.11 11n bit rate derivation ........................................................................................................... 81

11.12 How to build a single image for the flash programmer .................................................... 84

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11.13 How to power down the rt305x Ethernet ports .................................................................. 86

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11.14 How to enable NFS client ..................................................................................................... 87

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11.15 How to add a new language to the web UI ........................................................................ 89

11.16 How to enable watchdog ...................................................................................................... 90

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11.17 How to enable USB storage on the RT305x platform ...................................................... 91

11.18 How to enable USB automount on the RT305x platform ................................................ 92

11.19
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How to enable software QoS ............................................................................................... 93
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11.20 Software QoS information .................................................................................................... 95

11.20.1 Software QoS – Preface ............................................................................................. 95

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11.20.2 Software QoS – Concept ............................................................................................ 96

11.20.3 Software QoS – Usage ............................................................................................... 96

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11.21 How to enable USB Ethernet (example for ASIX AX88XXX) ......................................... 99

11.22 How to build a single image for the RT2880 8M flash platform .................................... 101
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11.23 How to start a printer server (example for HP officejet 4355) ....................................... 102

11.24 How to force the RT3052 link speed ................................................................................ 104

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11.25 How to verify IGMP snooping function ............................................................................. 106

11.26 EHCI/OHCI USB Power Saving ........................................................................................ 107

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11.27 Auto-frequency and Power Saving ................................................................................... 108

11.28 Concurrent AP porting Guide ............................................................................................ 113

11.29 SuperDMZ usage guide ..................................................................................................... 121

11.30 How to support IPv6 Ready Logo ..................................................................................... 122

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11.31 How to enable iPerf tool ..................................................................................................... 124

11.32 How to enable ebtables ...................................................................................................... 125

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11.33 How to enable IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) .................................................................. 125

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11.34 How to enable IPv6 DS-Lite ............................................................................................... 129

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1 SDK HISTORY

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Release Features Platform Support Schedule

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1.2 SDK OS: Linux 2.4.30 RT2880 Shuttle Support Formal: 2007/03/20

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Bootloader: Uboot IC+ 5 ports 10/100 Switch
Toolchain: GNU based Support

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cross-compiler Marvall Giga Single Phy Support
Driver: UART, Giga

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Ethernet, Flash, Wi-Fi Driver
Application: Bridging,
Routing, NAT, PPPoE, Web
server, DHCP client, DHCP
serverx.c ID
Wi-Fi features: WMM,
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WMM-PS, WEP,
WPA/WPA2 personal,
WPA/WPA2 Enterprise
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1.3 SDK Feature parity with 1.2 SDK RT2880 MP Support Beta: 2007/04/30
plus: Formal: 2007/05/25
Application: NTP, DDNS,
WebUI enhance, Vista RG
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(Native IPv6, LLTD),

Firewall
Driver: I2C, SPI, GPIO
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driver
Wi-Fi features: Intergraded
QA, WPS, mBSSID, WDS,
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STA mode, 802.1x

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Concurrent AP support
2.0 SDK Feature parity with 1.3 SDK None Beta: 2007/07/06
plus: Formal: 2007/07/20
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File system support ramdisk

and squashfs
WebUI: save/restore
configure. WPS PIN, WPS
PBC, factory default, STA
mode support

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Application: push button to
load default configuration
(GPIO reference design)

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Wi-Fi features: AP-Client

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Ethernet Converter Support

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2.2 SDK Feature parity with 2.0 SDK Vitesse Switch Support Formal: 2007/11/08
plus:

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AP version 1.6.0.0
STA version 1.4.0.0

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Wi-Fi Certification: 802.11
b/g/n, WPA2, WMM,
WMM-PS, WPS
Operation Mode
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reorganization to "Bridge",
"Gateway", and "Ethernet
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Converter"
support iNIC driver
Support Squash with LZMA
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file system
2.3 SDK Feature parity with 2.2 SDK IC+ 100Phy Formal: 2008/01/16
plus: Realtek 100Phy
iNIC v1.1.6.1
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RT2561 driver v1.1.2.0

Spansion Flash Support
RT2860 AP driver v1.7
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RT2860 STA driver v1.5

RT2561 WebUI
Multi-Language WebUI
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support
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2.4 SDK Feature parity with 2.3 SDK Mii iNIC Formal: 2008/04/07
plus:
iNIC v1.1.7.1
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RT2860 AP driver v1.8.1.0

RT2860 STA driver v1.6.0.0
Static/Dynamic Routing
Content Filtering
3.0 SDK Feature parity with 2.4 SDK RT3052 Support Formal: 2008/06/06
plus:

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OS: Linux 2.6.21 (Linux2.4
for RT2880, Linux-2.6 for
RT3052)

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8MB Flash Support –

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S29GL064N/MX29LV640

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Storage Application –
FTP/Samba

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3.1 SDK Feature parity with 3.0 SDK Formal: 2008/07/30
plus: RT2880 platforms

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RT2860 AP driver v1.9.0.0 RT3052 platforms
RT2860 STA driver v1.7.0.0
[RT3052] 16MB/32MB NOR
flash support
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[RT3052] Boot from
0xbf00.0000(MA14=1)
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[RT3052] Boot from
0xbfc0.0000(MA14=0)
3.2 SDK Feature parity with 3.1 SDK RT2880 platforms Formal: 2008/10/06
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plus: RT3050 platforms

RT2860 AP driver v2.0.0.0 RT3052 platforms
RT2860 STA driver v1.8.0.0
GreenAP support
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Busybox 1.12.1
MTD-Based Flash API
3.3 SDK Feature parity with 3.2 SDK RT2880 platforms Formal: 2009/04/27
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plus: RT3050 platforms

RT2860 AP driver v2.2.0.0 RT3052 platforms
RT2860 STA driver v2.1.0.0
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3.4 SDK Feature parity with 3.3 SDK RT2880 platforms Formal: 2010/02/12
plus: RT3050 platforms
RT3052 platforms
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RT3883 platforms
RT3662 platforms
3.5 SDK Feature parity with 3.4 SDK RT2880 platforms Formal: 2010/08/06
plus: RT3050 platforms
RT3052 platforms
RT3883 platforms

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RT3662 platforms
RT3352 platforms
RT5350 platforms

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3.6 SDK Feature parity with 3.5 SDK RT2880 platforms Formal: 2011/07/15

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plus: RT3050 platforms

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RT3052 platforms
RT3883 platforms

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RT3662 platforms
RT3352 platforms

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RT5350 platforms
4.0 SDK Feature parity with 3.6 SDK RT2880 platforms Formal: 2012/02/22
plus: RT3050 platforms

x.c ID RT3052 platforms

RT3883 platforms
RT3662 platforms
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RT3352 platforms
RT5350 platforms
RT6855 platforms
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RT6856 platforms
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2 VERSION HISTORY

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Release Features Date Author

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1.2 Initial release Steven Liu
1.3 WebUI – NTP/DDNS, iNIC Steven Liu

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I2C, SPI, GPIO Linux driver
2.0 Squashfs tools installation Steven Liu
WebUI - save/restore configure. WPS , factory default

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WebUI – STA, Ethernet Converter mode
2.2 WebUI - Operation Mode reorganization Steven Liu
How to downsize image
2.3 x.c ID
How to control GPIO and LED
Install mksquashfs Utility
Steven Liu
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Describes Uboot configuration file
Add new parameter in default setting
2.4 WebUI – How to save the configurations to the flash Winfred Lu
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3.0 Updated for RT3052 Steven Liu

Chapter Re-organization
3.1 Update default parameter for LED firmware Steven Liu
Update GPIO definition for RT3052 platform
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Update FAQ
3.2 Reorganize user manual Steven Liu /
Update FAQ Winfred
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-How to enable NFS Client

-How to add new language to webUI
- How to Power down rt305x Ethernet ports
- How to enable USB storage in RT305x platform
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-How to enable USB automount in RT305x platform

3.3 Update FAQ Steven
-How to enable software QoS
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- How to enable USB Ethernet

- How to build a single image for the RT2880 8M flash platform
- How to start printer server
-How to force link speed
3.4 - How to burn SPI Uboot firmware Steven
-How to enable new watchdog
-How to verify IGMP snooping

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3.5 - Update “How to enable Software QoS” YY
3.6 - Update “NVRAM” Red
- Update “How to enable watchdog”

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- EHCI/OHCI USB Power Saving

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- Auto-frequency and Power Saving

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- Concurrent AP porting Guide
- SuperDMZ usage guide

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- How to support IPv6 Ready Logo
- How to enable iPerf tool

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- How to enable ebtables
4.0 - Update concurrent AP porting Guide Roger/Steven/Red
- How to enable 6RD
- How to enable DS-Lite
x.c ID
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3 OVERVIEW OF THE RALINK AP DEMO BOARD

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3.1 RT2880

The RT2880 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 2T3R MAC/BBP, a high performance

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266-MHz MIPS4KEc CPU core, a Gigabit Ethernet MAC and a PCI host/device, to enable a multitude

of high performance, cost-effective 802.11n applications. The RT2880 has two RF companion chips:

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The RT2820, for 2.4G-band operation; and the RT2850, for dual band 2.4G or 5G operations. In

addition to traditional AP/router applications, the chipset can be implemented as a WLAN “intelligent”

NIC, drastically reducing the load on the host SOC, such as DSL/Cable or Multimedia Applications
x.c ID
processors. Users can treat the WLAN iNIC as a simple Ethernet device for easy porting and

guaranteed 802.11n WLAN performance without the need to upgrade to an expensive host SOC.
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Figure 1 The RT2880 Demo Board
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Table 1 RT2880 Memory Mapping
Address Range (hex) Size Block Name

0000.0000 - 001F.FFFF 2M Reserved

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0020.0000 - 0020.1FFF 8K Reserved

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0020.2000 - 0020.3FFF 8K Reserved

0020.2000 - 0020.5FFF 8K Reserved

0020.6000 - 002F.FFFF 1024K Reserved

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0030.0000 - 0030.00FF 256 System Control

0030.0100 - 0030.01FF 256 Timer

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0030.0200 - 0030.02FF 256 Interrupt Controller

0030.0300 - 0030.03FF 256 Memory Controller

0030.0400 - 0030.04FF 256 Reserved

0030.0500

0030.0600
x.c ID
-

-
0030.05FF

0030.06FF
256

256
UART

Programmable I/O

0030.0700 - 0030.07FF 256 Reserved

ne NF
0030.0800 - 0030.08FF 256 Reserved

0030.0900 - 0030.09FF 256 I2C

0030.0A00 - 0030.0AFF 256 Reserved

syn CO

0030.0B00 - 0030.0BFF 256 SPI

0030.0C00 - 0030.0CFF 256 UART Lite

0030.0D00 - 0030.0DFF 256 Reserved

o@ EK

0030.0F00 - 0030.0FFF 256 Reserved

0030.1000 - 0030.FFFF 1020K Reserved

0040.0000 - 0040.FFFF 64K Frame Engine

qia AT

0041.0000 - 0041.FFFF 64K Embedded 16KB ROM (wrap-around in the 64KB

space)

0042.0000 - 0042.FFFF 64K PCM Controller

0043.0000 - 0043.FFFF 64K Reserved

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0044.0000 - 0047.FFFF 256K PCI Host/Device Controller

0048.0000 - 004B.FFFF 256K 802.11n MAC/BBP

004C.0000 - 004F.FFFF 256K Reserved

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0050.0000 - 0053.FFFF 256K Reserved

0054.0000 - 007F.FFFF 2816K Reserved

0080.0000 - 0080.7FFF 32K Reserved

0080.8000 - 0080.FFFF 32K Reserved

0081.0000 - 0081.FFFF 64K Reserved

0082.0000 - 0082.FFFF 64K Reserved

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0083.0000 - 0083.FFFF 64K Reserved

0084.0000 - 0088.FFFF 256K Reserved

0100.0000 - 01FF.FFFF 16M External SRAM

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0800.0000 - 0BFF.FFFF 64M SDRAM

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EO
0C00.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 64M SDRAM

1000.0000 - 1003.FFFF 256K Reserved

1004.0000 - 1007.FFFF 256K Reserved

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1008.0000 - 100B.FFFF 256K Reserved

100C.0000 - 100F.FFFF 256K Reserved

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1010.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF 192M Reserved

1C00.0000 - 1FFF.FFFF 64M External Flash

2000.0000 - 2FFF.FFFF 256M PCI Memory Space

3000.0000 -
x.c ID
FFFF.FFFF 3.25G Reserved
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3.2 RT3052

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The RT3052 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 2T2R MAC/BBP/RF, a high performance

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384MHz MIPS24KEc CPU core, 5-port integrated 10/100 Ethernet switch/PHY, an USB OTG and a

Gigabit Ethernet MAC. There are very few external components required for 2.4GHz 11n wireless

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products with the RT3052. It employs Ralink’s 2nd generation 11n technologies for longer range and

better throughput. The embedded high performance CPU can process advanced applications

om EN
effortlessly, such as routing, security and VOIP. The USB port can be configured to access external

storage for Digital Home applications. The RT3052 also has rich hardware interfaces

(SPI/I2S/I2C/UART/GMAC) to enable many possible applications.

x.c ID Figure 2 The RT3052 Demo Board

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Table 2 RT3052 Memory Mapping

0000.0000 - 03FF.FFFF 64M SDRAM

0400.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

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1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDRAM & Flash/SRAM)

1000.0400 - 1000.04FF 256 PCM

1000.0500 - 1000.05FF 256 UART

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1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

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EO
1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 Generic DMA

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 NAND Flash Controller

1000.0900 - 1000.09FF 256 I2C

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1000.0A00 - 1000.0AFF 256 I2S

1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

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1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000 - 1010.FFFF 64K Frame Engine

1011.0000

1011.8000
-
x.c ID
1011.7FFF

1011.9FFF
32K

8K
Ethernet Switch

ROM

1011_a000 1011_FFFF <<Reserved>>

ne NF
1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 32K <<Reserved>>

1012.8000 1012.FFFF 32K <<Reserved>>

1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32K <<Reserved>>

syn CO

1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256K <<Reserved>>

1018.0000 - 101B.FFFF 256K 802.11n MAC/BBP

o@ EK

101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256K USB OTG

1020.0000 - 1AFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1B00.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF 16MB External SRAM/Flash

qia AT

1C00.0000 - 1EFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1F00.0000 - 1FFF.FFFF 16MB(flash) or When BOOT_FROM = 2’b00,

4KB(ram) or <16MB external 16-bit flash is mapped.

8KB(rom) When BOOT_FROM = 2’b01,

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<8MB external 8-bit flash is mapped.

When BOOT_FROM = 2’b10,

4KB internal boot RAM is mapped for boot from

NAND application.
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When BOOT_FROM = 2’b11,

8KB internal boot ROM is mapped for iNIC

application.

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3.3 RT3883

N
US AL
The RT3883 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 3T3R MAC/BBP/RF, a high performance

EO
500MHz MIPS74Kec CPU core, a Gigabit Ethernet MAC, and a USB Host/Device. With the RT3883,

there are very few external components required for 2.4/5GHz 11n wireless products. The RT3883

.tw TI
employs Ralink 2nd generation 11n technologies for longer range and better throughput. The

embedded high performance CPU can process advanced applications effortlessly, such as WI-FI data

om EN
processing without overloading the host processor. In addition, the RT3883 has rich hardware interfaces

(SPI/ I2S/ I2C/ PCM/ UART/ USB/ PCI/ PCIe/ RGMII/ MII) to enable many possible applications.

x.c ID Figure 3 The RT3883 Demo Board

ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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Table 3 RT3883 Memory Mapping

Start End Size Description

0000.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 256 M DDR2 256MB/SDRAM 128MB

N
1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

US AL
EO
1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDR/DDR)

.tw TI
1000.0400 - 1000.04FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0500 - 1000.05FF 256 UART

om EN
1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 Flash Controller (NOR/SRAM)

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 NAND Controller

1000.0900

1000.0A00
-

-
x.c ID
1000.09FF

1000.0AFF
256

256
I2C

I2S
ne NF
1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 1000.0DFF <<Reserved>>

syn CO

1000.2000 - 1000.27FF 2K PCM (up to 16 channel)

1000.2800 - 1000.2FFF 2K Generic DMA (up to 64 channel)

1000.3000 - 1000.37FF 2K CODEC 1

1000.3800 - 1000.3FFF 2K CODEC 2

o@ EK

1000.4000 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000 - 1010.FFFF 64 K Frame Engine

1011.0000 - 1011.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

qia AT

1011.8000 1011.BFFF 16 K ROM

1011.C000 - 1011.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 16 K USB Device

joe I

1012.8000 - 1012.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

R ED

1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256 K PCI/ PCI Express

FO M

1018.0000 - 101B.FFFF 256 K 802.11n MAC/BBP

101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256 K USB Host

1020.0000 - 1023.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1024.0000 - 1027.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1028.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1C00.0000 - 1DFF.FFFF 16KB ROM When BOOT_FROM = 3’b000,

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or up-to 32MB external 16-bit flash is mapped.

32MB 16-bit

Flash When BOOT_FROM = 3’b001,

N
or up-to 16MB external 8-bit flash is mapped.

US AL
16MB 8-bit

EO
Flash When BOOT_FROM = 3’b010/3’b011/3’b100,

16KB internal boot ROM is mapped.

.tw TI
1E00.0000 - 1FFF.FFFF External SRAM/Flash

om EN
2000.0000 - 2FFF.FFFF 256 M PCI/PCIe Memory Space

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
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3.4 RT3352

N
The RT3352 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 2T2R MAC/BBP/PA/RF, a high

US AL
performance 400MHz MIPS24KEc CPU core, a Gigabit Ethernet MAC, 5-pors integrated 10/100

EO
Ethernet Swtich/PHY and an USB Host/Device. With the RT3352, there are very few external
components required for 2.4GHz 11n wireless products. The RT3352 employs Ralink 2nd generation

.tw TI
11n technologies for longer range and better throughput. The embedded high performance CPU can
process advanced applications effortlessly, such as WIFI data processing without overloading the host

om EN
processor. In addition, the RT3352 has rich hardware interfaces (SPI/ I2S/ I2C/ PCM/ UART/ USB/
GMAC) to enable many possible applications.
Figure 4 The RT3352 Demo Board

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I

Table 4 RT3352 Memory Mapping

R ED

Start End Size Description

0000.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 256 M DDR2 256MB/SDRAM 128MB

1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

FO M

1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDR/DDR)

1000.0400 - 1000.04FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0500 - 1000.05FF 256 UART

1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

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1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0900 - 1000.09FF 256 I2C

N
1000.0A00 - 1000.0AFF 256 I2S

US AL
EO
1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 1000.0DFF 256 MIPS CNT

.tw TI
1000.2000 - 1000.27FF 2K PCM (up to 16 channel)

1000.2800 - 1000.2FFF 2K Generic DMA (up to 64 channel)

om EN
1000.3000 - 1000.37FF 2K <<Reserved>>

1000.3800 - 1000.3FFF 2K <<Reserved>>

1000.4000 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000

1011.0000
-

-
x.c ID
1010.FFFF

1011.7FFF
64 K

32 K
Frame Engine

Ethernet Swtich
ne NF
1011.8000 1011.BFFF 16 K ROM

1011.C000 - 1011.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 16 K USB Device

syn CO

1012.8000 - 1012.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

o@ EK

1018.0000 - 101B.FFFF 256 K 802.11n MAC/BBP

101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256 K USB Host

1020.0000 - 1023.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

qia AT

1024.0000 - 1027.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1028.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

16KB ROM When system is power on,

1C00.0000 - 1C00.3FFF
joe I

16KB internal boot ROM is mapped.

R ED
FO M

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3.5 RT5350

N
US AL
The RT5350 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 1T1R MAC/BBP/PA/RF, a high

EO
performance 360MHz MIPS24KEc CPU core, 5-ports integrated 10/100 Ethernet Swtich/PHY and an

USB Host/Device. With the RT5350, there are very few external components required for 2.4GHz 11n

.tw TI
wireless products. The RT5350 employs Ralink 2nd generation 11n technologies for longer range and

better throughput. The embedded high performance CPU can process advanced applications

om EN
effortlessly, such as WIFI data processing without overloading the host processor. In addition, the

RT5350 has rich hardware interfaces (SPI/ I2S/ I2C/ PCM/ UART/ USB) to enable many possible

applications.

x.c ID Figure 5 The RT5350 Demo Board

ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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Table 5 RT5350 Memory Mapping

Start End Size Description

N
0000.0000 - 03FF.FFFF 64 M SDRAM 64MB

US AL
EO
0400.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 192M Reserved

1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

.tw TI
1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

om EN
1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDR)

1000.0400

1000.0500
-

-
x.c ID
1000.04FF

1000.05FF
256

256
<<Reserved>>

UART
ne NF
1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 Reserved>>

syn CO

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 Reserved>>

1000.0900 - 1000.09FF 256 I2C

o@ EK

1000.0A00 - 1000.0AFF 256 I2S

1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

qia AT

1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 1000.0DFF 256 MIPS CNT

joe I

1000.2000 - 1000.27FF 2K PCM (up to 16 channel)

R ED

1000.2800 - 1000.2FFF 2K Generic DMA (up to 64 channel)

1000.3000 - 1000.37FF 2K Reserved>>

FO M

1000.3800 - 1000.3FFF 2K Reserved>>

1000.4000 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000 - 1010.FFFF 64 K Frame Engine

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1011.0000 - 1011.7FFF 32 K Ethernet Swtich

1011.8000 1011.BFFF 16 K ROM

N
1011.C000 - 1011.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

US AL
EO
1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 16 K USB Device

1012.8000 - 1012.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

.tw TI
1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

om EN
1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256 K Reserved>>

1018.0000 - x.c ID
101B.FFFF 256 K 802.11n MAC/BBP
ne NF
101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256 K USB Host

1020.0000 - 1023.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

syn CO

1024.0000 - 1027.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1028.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

16KB ROM When system is power on,

o@ EK

1C00.0000 - 1C00.3FFF
16KB internal boot ROM is mapped.
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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3.6 RT6855

N
US AL
Best in Class Network Processors for 802.11n AP/Router

EO
High performance yet cost-effective network processor, that enable scalable Wi-Fi AP/Router designs

when combined with Ralink 1x1, 2x2, 3x3 802.11n and 802.11ac wireless chips.

.tw TI
-bit MIPS 34Kc CPU, a 5-port 10/100 switch, PCI express port, USB port

om EN
interface

s an easy and ideal solution to add high performance

x.c ID
802.11n/ 802.11ac to any embedded platforms.

Overview:
ne NF
The RT6855 single chip network processor series contains , an 32-bit MIPS ® 34Kc™ CPU core, a

5-port 10/100 Ethernet switch and a rich array of interfaces to enable interoperability with many
syn CO

possible applications, such as dual PCI express port to connect to 802.11n wireless chip, USB 2.0 port

for network storage, 3/4G connectivity, and SPI Flash memory interface to support large bandwidth

applications through the AP/router.

o@ EK

Figure 6 The RT6855 Demo Board

qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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 FO M
R ED
joe I
qia AT
o@ EK
syn CO
ne NF

Page 29 of 132
x.c ID
om EN
.tw TI
US AL
EO
N
RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 User’s Manual

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 RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 User’s Manual

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3.7 RT6856

N
US AL
Best in Class Network Processors for High Performance 802.11n AP/Router

EO
High performance yet cost-effective network processor, that enable scalable Wi-Fi AP/Router designs

when combined with Ralink 1x1, 2x2, 3x3 802.11n and 802.11ac wireless chips.

.tw TI
-bit MIPS 34Kc CPU, a 5-port 10/100 switch, dual PCI express ports, USB ports

om EN
interface

x.c ID
802.11n/ 802.11ac to any embedded platforms.

Overview:
ne NF
The RT6855 single chip network processor series contains , an 32-bit MIPS ® 34Kc™ CPU core, a

5-port 10/100 Ethernet switch and a rich array of interfaces to enable interoperability with many
syn CO

possible applications, such as dual PCI express port to connect to 802.11n wireless chip, USB 2.0 port

for network storage, 3/4G connectivity and printing, PCM interface for analog and VoIP telephony, and

an I2S interface for audio streaming, and dual SPI Flash memory interface to support large bandwidth
o@ EK

applications through the AP/router.

Figure 7 The RT6856 Demo Board

qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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 FO M
R ED
joe I
qia AT
o@ EK
syn CO
ne NF

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x.c ID
om EN
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US AL
EO
N
RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 User’s Manual

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 RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 User’s Manual

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4 AP SDK SOURCE CODE OVERVIEW

N
US AL
The subsequent command is used in the development environment. It makes a directory equivalent to

EO
"/home/${user}/RT288x_SDK".

#tar jxvf RT288x_SDK_{version}_{date}.tar.bz2

.tw TI
 The RT288x_SDK package contains the subsequent directories.

om EN
o toolchain : mips toolchain
o source : Linux kernel source
o tools :useful script

o
o
x.c ID
 The source directory contains the subsequent directories.
config
images
: auto-configuration files
: Linux image
ne NF
o lib : uClibc 0.9.28
o linux-2.4.x : Linux kernel source for RT2880
o linux-2.6.21.x : Linux kernel source for RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT3883
syn CO

o linux-2.6.36MT.x : Linux kernel source for RT6855/RT6856

o romfs : root file system (uncompressed)
o tools : useful script to generate rootfs
o user : user applications
o@ EK

o vendor : init scripts of target platform (inittab, rcS...etc)

qia AT
joe I
R ED
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5 TOOL-CHAIN

N
US AL
EO
The Ralink AP SDK uses buildroot to make the Linux kernel image. Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and

patches. It is easy to make a cross-compilation toolchain and root file system for the target Linux

system. Use the uClibc C library.

.tw TI
5.1 Install toolchain

om EN
#cp RT288x_SDK/toolchain/buildroot-gcc342.tar.bz2 /opt

#$ tar jxvf buildroot-gcc342.tar.bz2

x.c ID
The extract procedure makes a directory equivalent to "/opt/buildroot-gdb"
ne NF
5.2 Install LZMA Utility

lzma is necessary to make the compressed kernel image. The Ralink RT2880 SDK uses lzma to
syn CO

compress the kernel image.

#cd RT288x_SDK/toolchain/lzma-4.32.0beta3
#./configure
o@ EK

#make
#make install (install lzma to /usr/local/bin)
qia AT

Use gzip or lzma to compress the kernel image.

Make changes to RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{Platform}/Makefile

COMP = gzip
joe I
R ED

Use gzip to compress the Linux kernel image.

COMP = lzma
FO M

Use lzma to compress the Linux kernel image.

5.3 Install mksquashfs utility

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mksquashfs-lzma is necessary to make the compressed rootfs. The Ralink AP SDK uses mksquashfs

with lzma to compress the root filesystem.

N
Linux-2.4.x Kernel Version

US AL
EO
#cd RT288x_SDK/toolchain/mksquash_lzma-3.0
#make
#make install (install mksquashfs-lzma to /opt/buildroot-gdb/bin/mksquashfs_lzma-3.0)

.tw TI
Linux-2.6.21.x Kernel Version

om EN
#cd RT288x_SDK/toolchain/mksquash_lzma-3.2
#make
#make install (copy mksquashfs/lzma_alone to /opt/buildroot-gdb/bin/)

x.c ID
LZMA_ALONE IS NECESSARY TO MAKE YOUR OWN RAMDISK IMAGE, IF YOU TURN ON
ne NF
“COMPRESS RAMDISK BY LZMA” FOR RT3052.

#make menuconfig
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->
syn CO

Machine selection --->

[*] Compress ramdisk by lzma instead of gzip
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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6 BOOT LOADER

N
US AL
EO
6.1 Uboot Configuration
# tar jxvf Uboot_{version}_{BETA/FINAL}_{date}.tar.bz2
#cd Uboot

.tw TI
#make menuconfig
1. Set the DRAM Size

om EN
DRAM Component:

Row Column
x.c ID 64Mb 12 8
ne NF
128Mb 12 9

256Mb 13 9
syn CO

DRAM Bus: 16bits / 32bits

Example:
o@ EK

 W9825G6EH: 4Mx4Banksx16bits SDRAM:

o Row Address: A0-A12, Column address: A0-A8

o DRAM Component=256Mb
qia AT

o DRAM Bus =16bits

 W981216DH/W9812G6DH: 2Mx4Banksx16bits SDRAM:

joe I
R ED

o Row Address: A0-A11, Column address: A0-A8

o DRAM Component=128Mb
o DRAM Bus =16bits
FO M

 IS42S32800B: 2Mx4Banksx32bits SDRAM:

o Row Address: A0-A11, Column address: A0-A8

o DRAM Component=128Mb
o DRAM Bus =32bits
2. LAN/WAN Partition

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The switch automatically operates in dump switch mode when the board turns on. Clients on the LAN

get the dynamic IP address from the remote DHCP server connected to the WAN port.

N
Set the LAN/WAN partition to prevent the Client’s DHCP request being sent to the WAN side.

US AL
EO
6.2 Build the uboot Image
# make

.tw TI
.............
1. RT2880/RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350:
NOR Flash: uboot.bin is located in Uboot/.

om EN

# cp uboot.bin /tftpboot
 SPI Flash: uboot.img is located in Uboot/
# cp uboot.img /tftpboot
 x.c ID
NAND Flash: uboot.img is located in Uboot/
# cp uboot.img /tftpboot
ne NF
2. RT6855/RT6856:
 SPI Flash: uboot.bin is located in Uboot/.
# cp uboot.bin /tftpboot
syn CO

 NAND Flash: uboot.img is located in Uboot/

# cp uboot.img /tftpboot

6.3 Burn the uboot image

o@ EK

Press '9' on the Uboot menuconfig, to open the invisible menu.

Set the operation:

qia AT

1: Load system code to SDRAM via TFTP

2: Load system code then write to Flash via TFTP
joe I

3: Boot system code via Flash (default)

R ED

4: Enter boot command line interface

5: Load ucos code to SDRAM via TFTP

You chose 9
FO M

9: System Load Boot Loader then write to Flash via TFTP.

Warning! Erase Boot Loader in Flash then burn new one. Are you sure? (Y/N) Please Input new ones

/or Ctrl-C to discard

Input device IP (10.10.10.123) ==:

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Input server IP (10.10.10.99) ==:
Input Uboot filename (uboot.bin) ==:

N
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
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7 USER LIBRARY

N
US AL
EO
7.1 Library Configuration

RT288x_SDK uses ulibc 0.9.28 for user applications. The subsequent instructions show how to

.tw TI
change the default library setting.

om EN
# make menuconfig
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->
[ *] Customize uClibc Settings

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK

Figure 8 uClib configuration Menu

7.2 Library Porting

qia AT

The subsequent instructions show how to add a new library to the RT288x_SDK.

Example: Port libtest to RT288x_SDK

joe I
R ED

1. #/ cp -r libtest to RT288x_SDK/source/lib

2. modify RT288x_SDK/source/lib/libtest/Makefile
FO M

[you can reference to libnvram/Makefile]

3. modify RT288x_SDK/source/lib/Makefile

ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIB_LIBTEST_FORCE),y)
DIRS += libtest
endif

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ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIB_LIBTEST_FORCE),y)
@$(MAKE) -C libtest shared
endif

N
US AL
4. modify RT288x_SDK/source/config/config.in

EO
bool 'Build libtest' CONFIG_LIB_LIBTEST_FORCE

.tw TI
#/ make menuconfig

om EN
You can see the “Build libtest” on the menu.

x.c ID
ne NF
Figure 9 User Library Configure Menu
syn CO

5. Compile your new library

#make dep
#make lib_only
o@ EK

7.3 Build user library

# cd RT288x_SDK/source
qia AT

# make lib_only
joe I

# make romfs
R ED

.............

The shared libraries are shown in RT288x_SDK /source/romfs/lib

FO M

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8 USER APPLICATION

N
US AL
Many useful network applications (e.g. wan protocol, http server, debugging tools, etc.) are supplied

EO
with the RT288x_SDK to make porting easier.

.tw TI
8.1 Ralink Proprietary Applications

8.1.1 ATED

om EN
Description: for rt2860 v1.4 ATE test program

Usage: ate

Note: x.c ID
 Execute ate on the demo board
ne NF
 Connect directly from the LAN port to the PC
 Execute QA on the PC (wait 30 seconds)
syn CO

8.1.2 REG

Description: register the read/write test program

Usage: reg [r/w/s] [offset] [value]

o@ EK

Note:

 To use system register: reg s 0

qia AT

 To use wireless register: reg s 1 To use other base address offset: reg s [offset]
 The rt_rdm module must be put in first

Example:
joe I
R ED

/ # reg s 0

/ # reg r 18 /* read A0300018 */

FO M

/ # reg w 18 12345678 /* write 0x12345678 to A0300018 */

8.1.3 FLASH

Description: flash read/write test program

Usage:

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a. read: flash -r [offset(hex)] -c [num of bytes]
b. write: flash -w [offset(hex)] -o [value(hex)] -c [num of bytes]
c. erase: flash -f [first sector_num] -l [last sector_num

N
US AL
Example:

EO
a. read: flash -r 370000 -c 4
b. write: flash -w 370000 -o 1234 -c 4

.tw TI
c. erase: flash -f 60 -l 61

om EN
8.1.4 GPIO

Description: GPIO test program

Usage: GPIO [r/w/i/l]

x.c ID
The name of the GPIO testing user application is “gpio”.
ne NF
 gpio w: writing test (output)
 gpio r: reading test (input)
 gpio i (<gpio>): interrupt test for GPIO number
syn CO

 gpio l <gpio> <on> <off> <blinks> <rests> <times>: set led on <gpio>(0~24) on/off interval, no. of
blinking/resting cycles, blinking time
Pin sharing scheme
It is important to know what normal function pins are shared with the GPIO pins. Only one normal
o@ EK

function and GPIO can operate at the same time.

 GPIOMODE: GPIO purpose select)
Configure the pins to use as GPIO.
qia AT

 PIODIR: programmed I/O direction

Configure the direction of all GPIO pins to use as GPIO.
an output is set as ‘1’, and an input pin is set as ‘0’.
 PIODATA: programmed I/O data
joe I
R ED

Write data for output GPIO pins, and read data for input GPIO pins. PIOSET, PIORESET,
PIOTOG are also used for adjusting GPIO data bits.
 PIOINT, PIOEDGE, PIORENA, and PIOFMASK should be set when using GPIO pins for input
that causes an interruption.
FO M

8.1.5 MII_MGR

Description: mii register read/write test program

Usage:

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a. get: mii_mgr -g -p [phy number] -r [register number]
b. set: mii_mgr -s -p [phy number] -r [register number] -v [0xvalue]
Example:

N
a. get: mii_mgr -g -p 3 -r 4

US AL
b. set: mii_mgr -s -p 4 -r 1 -v 0xff11

EO
Kernel Module:

.tw TI
$SDK/source/$LINUX/drivers/net/raeth/mii_mgr.c

$SDK/source/$LINUX/drivers/net/raeth/ra_ioctl.h

om EN
 IOCTL Commands

o RAETH_MII_READ

x.c ID  Get phy register via the mdc/mdio interface.

ne NF
o RAETH_MII_WRITE

 Set phy register via the mdc/mdio interface.

syn CO

 IOCTL interface

typedef struct ralink_mii_ioctl_data {

__u32 phy_id;
o@ EK

__u32 reg_num;;
__u32 val_in;
__u32 val_out;
qia AT

};

o phy_id: Address of PHY device

joe I

o reg_num: Register addresses within PHY device

R ED

o val_ine:
 GET: the phy register data that is read from phy
 SET: the current register data after MDIO setting
FO M

o Val_out: the phy register data that wants to be set

o
User applications run mii_mgr commands through the ioctl interface to the raeth driver.

8.1.6 MTD

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Description: MTD writing program for firmware update
Usage: mtd_write -r write [file] [device]
Example: mtd_write -r write image.bin mtd4

N
US AL
8.1.7 NVRAM

EO
Description:

.tw TI
a. get value in NVRAM for RT2860 or INIC platform
b. set value in NVRAM for RT2860 or INIC platform

om EN
c. display all configurations in NVRAM, or generate .dat files

nvram_daemon is a daemon and register for NVRAM settings, or setting NVRAM values referring to a

x.c ID
given file. It receives interruptions from GPIO pin 0. If SIGUSR1 is received (user one-clicked GPIO pin
0 button), nvram_daemon tells the GoAhead web server to start the WPS PBC procedure by sending it
SIGUSR1. If SIGUSR2 is received (user pressed GPIO pin 0 button for several seconds),
ne NF
nvram_daemon will restore the system configuration to the default values.

Usage:
syn CO

a. get: nvram_get [<2860/inic>] <field>

b. set: nvram_set [<2860/inic>] <field>
c. init: ralink_init <command> [<platform>] [<file>]
o@ EK

Commands:

 rt2860_nvram_show (display rt2860 values in nvram)

 inic_nvram_show (display inic values in nvram)
qia AT

 show (display values in nvram for <platform>)

 gen (generate config file from nvram for <platform>)
 renew (replace nvram values for <platform> with <file>)
joe I
R ED

Platform:

 2860 - rt2860 station

 inic - intelligent nic
FO M

File: File name for renew command

daemon: nvram_daemon

Example:

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a. nvram_get 2860 SSID /* get the SSID */
b. nvram_set 2860 SSID ralink /* set the SSID to ralink */
c. ralink_init gen 2860 /* generate the RT2860 .dat file from NVRAM */

N
d. ralink_init show inic /* display the INIC configurations in NVRAM */

US AL
e. ralink_init renew 2860 ra.dat /* set NVRAM values for RT2860 platform according to ra.dat

EO
file */
f. nvram_daemon /* start the nvram_daemon */

.tw TI
To avoid accessing NVRAM inconsistently, sdk also supports Kernel mode NVRAM.

om EN
$ make menuconfig
[*] Customize Kernel Settings
Machine selection --->

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK

8.1.8 SPICMD

Description: SPI Toolkit for SPI EEPROM Read/Write Program...

Usage: spicmd read/write parameters
qia AT

Note:

 spicmd read the address

joe I

 spicmd writes the size address value

R ED

 size is 1, 2, 4 bytes

8.1.9 I2CCMD
FO M

Description: I2C Toolkit for EEPROM Read/Write via I2C Interface...

Usage: i2ccmd read/write parameters
Note:

 i2ccmd read the address

 i2ccmd write the size address value

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 size is 1, 2, 4 bytes

8.1.10 Script

N
Description: WebUI configuration script.

US AL
Usage: Refer to the script help message.

EO
8.2 goahead

.tw TI
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/

Description: WebUI reference design of the AP/Router Solution.

om EN
8.3 nvram library

x.c ID
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/lib/libnvram

Description: Library for nvram_get, nvram_set and ralink_init.

ne NF
8.4 wsc_upnp

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/WSC_UPNP

syn CO

Description: Ralink WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) UPNP Daemon

Required library: libupnp, pthread

8.5 iptables
o@ EK

Source code:
qia AT

RT288x_SDK/source/user/iptables # for Linux-2.4

RT288x_SDK/source/user/ iptables-1.4.0rc1 #for Linux-2.6

Description: Administration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT.

joe I
R ED

8.6 ntpclient

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ntpclient

FO M

Description: ntpclient is an NTP (RFC-1305) client for Unix-like computers. Its functionality is a small

subset of xntpd, but it appears to perform better (or at least has the ability to function better) within that

limited scope. It is much smaller than xntpd and is more applicable to embedded computers.

8.7 mtd-utils

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Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ mtd-utils

Description: for jffs2 file system support erase/format…etc. example: mkfs.jffs2, erase, eraseall

N
8.8 ppp-2.4.2

US AL
EO
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ ppp-2.4.2

Description: a package which uses the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to supply Internet connections

.tw TI
over serial lines.

8.9 bridge-utils

om EN
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ bridge-utils

Description: brctl is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the Ethernet bridge configuration in the Linux
x.c ID
kernel. An Ethernet bridge is a device commonly used to connect different networks of the Ethernet

together, so that the Ethernets will appear as one Ethernet to the participants. Each of the Ethernets
ne NF
being connected corresponds to one physical interface in the bridge. These individual Ethernets are

bundled into one bigger (’logical’) Ethernet. This bigger Ethernet corresponds to the bridge network
syn CO

interface.

8.10 wireless_tools

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ wireless_tools

o@ EK

Description: This package contains the Wireless tools. The wireless tools are used to control the

Wireless Extensions. The Wireless Extensions is an interface that lets you set the Wireless LAN
qia AT

specific parameters and get the specific stats.

8.11 inadyn
joe I

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ inadyn

R ED

Description: INADYN is a dynamic DNS client. It maintains the IP address of a host name. It

periodically checks if the IP address stored by the DNS server is the real current address of the
FO M

machine that is running INADYN

8.12 zebra-0.95a_ripd

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Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ zebra-0.95a_ripd

Description: GNU Zebra is free software that manages various IPv4 and IPv6 routing protocols.

Currently GNU Zebra supports BGP4, BGP4+, OSPFv2, OSPFv3, RIPv1, RIPv2, and RIPng.

N
US AL
EO
8.13 wpa_supplicant-0.5.7

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ wpa_supplicant-0.5.7

.tw TI
Description: WPA Supplicant (Supported WPA/IEEE 802.11i)

8.14 totd-1.5

om EN
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ totd-1.5

Description: Totd is a small DNS proxy nameserver that supports IPv6 only hosts/networks that
x.c ID
communicate with the IPv4 world using some translation mechanism.
ne NF
8.15 samba-3.0.2

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ samba-3.0.2

syn CO

Description: Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that has, since 1992, provided file and

print services to all manner of SMB/CIFS clients, including the numerous versions of Microsoft

Windows operating systems. Samba is freely available under the GNU General Public License.
o@ EK

8.16 radvd-1.0

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ radvd-1.0

qia AT

Description: The router advertisement daemon (radvd) is run by Linux or BSD systems acting as IPv6

routers. It sends Router Advertisement messages, specified by RFC 2461, to a local Ethernet LAN

periodically and when requested by a node sending a Router Solicitation message. These messages
joe I

are required for IPv6 stateless auto configuration.

R ED

8.17 pptp-client
FO M

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ pptp-client

Description: pptp is an implementation of the PPTP protocol for Linux and other Unix systems.

8.18 rp-l2tp-0.4

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Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ rp-l2tp-0.4

Description: This is a user-space implementation of L2TP (RFC 2661) for Linux

N
8.19 ctorrent-dnh3.2

US AL
EO
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ ctorrent-dnh3.2

Description: CTorrent is a BitTorrent Client program written in C/C++ for FreeBSD and Linux. CTorrent

.tw TI
is fast and small.

8.20 dhcp6

om EN
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ dhcp6

Description: DHCPv6 is a stateful address auto-configuration protocol for IPv6, a counterpart to IPv6
x.c ID
stateless address auto-configuration protocol. It can be used independently or coexist with its

counterpart protocol. This protocol uses client/server mode of operation but also provides support
ne NF
through a Relay Agent. It is currently being defined by IETF DHC WG. The specification is still in the

draft form.
syn CO

8.21 dnsmasq-2.40

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ dnsmasq-2.40

Description: Dnsmasq is a lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder and DHCP server. It is
o@ EK

designed to provide DNS and, optionally, DHCP, to a small network. It can serve the names of local

machines which are not in the global DNS. The DHCP server integrates with the DNS server and
qia AT

allows machines with DHCP-allocated addresses to appear in the DNS with names configured either in

each host or in a central configuration file. Dnsmasq supports static and dynamic DHCP leases and

BOOTP/TFTP for network booting of diskless machines.

joe I
R ED

8.22 igmpproxy

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ igmpproxy

FO M

Description: IGMPproxy is a simple mulitcast router for Linux that only uses the IGMP protocol.

8.23 matrixssl-1.8.3

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ matrixssl-1.8.3

Description: MatrixSSL is an embedded SSL implementation designed for small footprint applications

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and devices. It is an open-source software package available under the GNU license. It consists of a

single library file with a simple API set that an application writer can use to secure their application.

N
8.24 rp-pppoe-3.8

US AL
EO
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ rp-pppoe-3.8

Description: pppoe is a user-space redirector which permits the use of PPPoE (Point-to-Point Over

.tw TI
Ethernet) with Linux. PPPoE is used by many DSL service providers.

8.25 usb_modeswitch-0.9.5

om EN
Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ usb_modeswitch-0.9.5

Description: USB_ModeSwitch is (surprise!) a small mode switching tool for controlling "flip flop"
x.c ID
(multiple device) USB gear. Several new USB devices (especially high-speed WAN stuff, they're

expensive anyway) have their MS Windows drivers onboard; when plugged in for the first time they
ne NF
act like a flash storage and start installing the driver from there. After that (and on every consecutive

plugging) this driver switches the mode internally, the storage device vanishes (in most cases),
syn CO

and a new device (like an USB modem) shows up. Some call that feature "ZeroCD".

8.26 Port new user application

Example: Add hello application to /bin

o@ EK

(a) Create hello directory in RT288x_SDK/source/user

#mkdir RT288x_SDK/source/use/hello
qia AT

(b) Add Makefile to RT288x_SDK/source/user/hello

EXEC = hello
joe I
R ED

OBJS = hello.o
CFLAGS +=

all: $(EXEC)
FO M

$(EXEC): $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS)

romfs:
$(ROMFSINST) /bin/$(EXEC)

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clean:
-rm -f $(EXEC) *.elf *.gdb *.o

N
(c) Add hello.c to RT288x_SDK/source/user/hello

US AL
EO
main()
{

.tw TI
printf("hello world\n");
}

om EN
(d) Edit RT288x_SDK/source/config/config.in

mainmenu_option next_comment

x.c ID
comment 'XXX Add-on Applications'
bool 'hello_world' CONFIG_USER_HELLO_WORLD
ne NF
endmenu

(e) Edit RT288x_SDK/source/user/Makefile

syn CO

dir_$(CONFIG_USER_HELLO_WORLD) += hello

(f) Turn on hello application

#make menuconfig
o@ EK

[*] hello_world (NEW)

(g) Build new image

qia AT

#make dep
#make
joe I
R ED

(h) check file is correct

#cd RT288x_SDK/source/romfs/bin
FO M

#file hello
#hello: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-II version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses
shared libs), stripped

(i) Testing

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BusyBox v1.4.2 (2007-05-04 11:15:35 CST) Built-in shell (ash)

Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

N
/#

US AL
/ # hello

EO
hello world
/#

.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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9 LINUX KERNEL

N
US AL
9.1 Linux configuration

EO
# cd RT288x_SDK/source

.tw TI
# make menuconfig

om EN
(a)
(b)

(c)
(d)

x.c ID
1. Use 'Select the Product you wish to target' to set the target platform.
ne NF

2. Use the ‘Flash/SDRAM Size’

syn CO

 2M/16M: 2M Flash and 16M DRAM for pure AP solution (pass Vista basic logo and Wi-Fi
certification b/g/n logo)
 4M/16M: 4M Flash and 16M DRAM for complete AP solution, including AP, STA mode)
o@ EK

 8M/32M: 8M Flash and 32M DRAM for complete AP/NAS solution, including USB applications)

Note:
qia AT

1. Choose the target platform type (RT2880 or RT3052 or RT3883.)

2. Modify the User/Kernel Configuration or Load/Save User/Kernel Default setting.
3. Load the target platform setting from a file.
joe I

4. Save the target platform setting to a file.

R ED

Use 'Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection' to open the configuration menu. Use 'Default all settings'.
FO M

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3. Go out of the configuration menu and save the new kernel configuration.

N
US AL
EO
The script gets all user/kernel default settings back. The subsequent message is shown after getting

the default settings back.

.tw TI
*** End of Linux kernel configuration.

om EN
*** Check the top-level Makefile for additional configuration.
*** Next, you must run 'make dep'.

x.c ID
Note: The default configuration file is stored in a different file, referring to the ‘Flash/DRAM size’

settings. Go to RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883}/config to see all the

ne NF
default setting files.

a. Busybox default configuration files

syn CO

 2M_16M_config.busybox-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.busybox-2.6.21.x
 4M_16M_config.busybox-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.busybox-2.6.21.x
 8M_16M_config.busybox-2.4.x/8M_16M_config.busybox-2.6.21.x
o@ EK

b. User application default configure file

 2M_16M_config.vendor-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.vendor-2.6.21.x
qia AT

 4M_16M_config.vendor-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.vendor-2.6.21.x
 8M_16M_config.vendor-2.4.x/8M_16M_config.vendor-2.6.21.x
joe I
R ED

c. uClibc default configure file

 4M_16M_config.uclibc-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.uclibc-2.6.21.x
 2M_16M_config.uclibc-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.uclibc-2.6.21.x
FO M

 8M_16M_config.uclibc-2.4.x8M_16M_config.uclibc-2.6.21.x

d. Linux kernel 2.4/2.6 default configure file

 2M_16M_config.linux-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.linux-2.6.21.x
 4M_16M_config.linux-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.linux-2.6.21.x

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 8M_16M_config.linux-2.4.x/8M_16M_config.linux-2.6.21.x


N
9.2 Change Flash/DRAM Size

US AL
EO
Change the DRAM size setting using “make menuconfig” if you increase or decrease the size of

DRAM.

.tw TI
#make menuconfig
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

om EN
[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)
Machine selection --->

 Linux 2.4
x.c ID
(RT2880-ASIC) RT2880 Chip Type
ne NF
(32M) DRAM Size
(4M) Flash Size
syn CO

 Linux 2.6

System type (Ralink RT3052 board) --->

Soc Hardware Type (RT3052-ASIC) --->
o@ EK

DRAM Size (32M) --->

Root File System Type (RootFS_in_RAM) --->
qia AT

9.3 Change Switch Controller in RT2880 Platform

The RT288x_SDK supports the IC+ 175C/D switch controller on the RT2880 platform at this time.
joe I

You can use ‘make menuconfig’ to adjust the switch controller settings.
R ED

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

FO M

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Network device support --->

Ralink Driver --->

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N LY
US AL
W/LLLL in the LAN/WAN Partition item means P0 is a WAN port, and LLLL/W means P4 is WAN Port.

EO
The switch is configured by the script, not the Ethernet driver. Please see config-vlan.sh in

RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/ scripts.

.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO

Figure 10 IC+ 10/100 Switch Operation Diagram

o@ EK

9.4 Update User/Kernel default settings

Modify the default setting if necessary. Select the 'Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection' item to enter the
qia AT

kernel/application configuration menu. After entering the menu, select the 'Update Default Vendor

Settings' item to update the User/Kernel default settings. (Note: the new default setting will be saved in

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883}/config)
joe I
R ED
FO M

Select “Exit” to leave the configuration menu. Select “Yes” to save the new kernel configuration.

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N LY
US AL
EO
The script updates the User/Kernel default settings.

9.5 Compile Linux image

.tw TI
#make dep
#make

om EN
The following files in RT288x_SDK/images, and ${user}_uImage will be copied to /tftpboot by default.

a. ramdisk.gz - root file system

c.
x.c ID
b. ${user}_uImage - Linux image (Linux kernel+rootfs)
zImage.{gz/lzma} - compressed Linux kernel
ne NF
Note: What kinds of "make" can be used?

a. make Linux image if you modify kernel source files

syn CO

b. make modules romfs Linux image if you modify the kernel module source files
c. make user_only romfs Linux image if you modify application source files
d. You can execute "make" to generate a new image (make = make lib_only user_only modules
romfs Linux image)
o@ EK

9.6 Port new Linux kernel module

qia AT

Example: Port the hello networking module to the RT2880 platform

1. Add the source code to the rt2880 directory

joe I

# mkdir RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/hello
R ED

#vi RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/hello/Makefile

O_TARGET := hello.o
FO M

obj-y := main.o
obj-m := $(O_TARGET)
include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make

#vi RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/hello/main.c

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#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
static int hello_init(void)

N
{

US AL
EO
printk("hello world\n");
return 0;

.tw TI
}
static void hello_exit(void)

om EN
{
printk("goodbye\n");
}

x.c ID
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
ne NF
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

~
syn CO

2. Modify RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/Makefile

subdir-$(CONFIG_RT2880_HELLO) += hello
o@ EK

3. Modify Config.in

tristate ' Ralink hello module' CONFIG_RT2880_HELLO

qia AT

4. Turn on the hello module

#make menuconfig
joe I

<M> Ralink hello module

R ED

5. Compile the source code

#make dep
FO M

#make

6. Test

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 RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 User’s Manual

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/ # insmod hello
hello world

N
/#

US AL
EO
9.7 Execute commands at boot up time

Edit RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880/rcS

.tw TI
#!/bin/sh

om EN
mount –a
goahead& <-- add new command here

x.c ID
9.8 Add new files in RootFs

If you execute the "make clean" script, it will delete RT288x_SDK/source/romfs directory.
ne NF
You cannot copy the file to RT288x_SDK/source/romfs manually because it will disappear after

executing "make clean".

syn CO

Example: add xxx.bin to rootfs

a. copy xxx.bin to

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}
o@ EK

b. edit

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}/Makefile
qia AT

romfs:
$(ROMFSINST) /etc_ro/xxx.bin
joe I

The script will copy xxx.bin to RT288x_SDK/source/romfs/etc_ro after executing "make romfs"
R ED

9.9 Image DownSize

FO M

The MTD partitions are subsequently shown.

RootFS in RAM Mode

mtd 0 uboot 0x0

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mtd 1 config 0x30000

N
mtd 2 RF 0x40000

US AL
EO
0x50000

.tw TI
mtd 3 Kernel/RootFS

om EN
0x400000

x.c ID
RootFS in Flash Mode
ne NF
0x0
mtd 0 Uboot
syn CO

0x30000
mtd 1 Config
o@ EK

0x40000
mtd 2 RF
qia AT

0x50000
Kernel

mtd 3
joe I
R ED

<menuconfig>
Padding
FO M

mtd 4 Root FS

0x400000

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In RootFS in Flash mode, the image builder will add a padding bit to the end of kernel image if the

kernel image size is smaller than the size of mtd3. The size of mtd3 must be adjusted to save flash

memory.

N
US AL
Step1: Check the original kernel image size (ex: 446603)

EO
#make image

.tw TI
.......

#===========<SquashFS Info>=================

om EN
# Original Kernel Image Size

576110 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma
x.c ID
# Padded Kernel Image Size
ne NF
786368 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

# Original RootFs Size

syn CO

4329746 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/romfs

# Compressed RootFs Size

o@ EK

1069056 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/ramdisk

# Padded Kernel Image + Compressed Rootfs Size

qia AT

1855424 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

#=========================================== ......
joe I
R ED

Step2: Change mtdblock size

576110=0x8CA6E -> 0x90000 (multiple of 0x10000 because the flash sector

FO M

size=64KB)

0x0
mtd 0 Uboot

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0x30000
mtd 1 Config

N
US AL
0x40000

EO
mtd 2 RF

.tw TI
0x50000
Kernel

mtd 3

om EN
0xE0000
Padding

x.c ID mtd 4 Root FS 0x400000

ne NF
host:$ make menuconfig
syn CO

Hit 'Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection' to enter configuration menu.

o@ EK
qia AT

Leave configuration menu and save new kernel configuration.

joe I
R ED
FO M

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10 FLASH LAYOUT AND FIRMWARE UPGRADE

N
US AL
10.1 Flash Layout

EO
Offset

.tw TI
0

om EN
(192K) bootloader Offset

0x30000 0
(4KB) Uboot parameter
0x1000
(64K)
x.c ID User config
Switch parameter
0x40000
(4KB) Reserved
0x2000
ne NF
(64K) WLAN0
RF parameter(512B) (16KB) Configuration
0x50000 (Build-in 2860)
0x6000
syn CO
(sdram 32M, flash 4M))
Fully gateway (including vpn, ipsec, voip)
(sdram 16M, flash 4M)
General gateway (including voip)
(sdram 8M, flash 2M)
Cost effective ap
(sdram ?M), flash ?M)
Other applications (DMA, storage)

(8KB) WLAN1
(for concurrent AP) 0x8000
(8KB) STA Cert
(1.6875M)
0xa000
o@ EK

(20KB) WAPI Cert

Linux image

0xf000
0x200000 (4KB)
qia AT

Reserve
0x10000
joe I

(2M)
R ED
FO M

0x400000

Figure 11 Ralink SDK Flash Layout (4MB)

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In the ‘user configure switch parameter’ partition, the WLAN0 configuration is for built-in first wifi

interface parameters, the WLAN1 configuration is for second wifi interface parameters, and the STA

cert configuration is stored certificate for station, and the WAPI cert configuration is stored certificate

N
US AL
for WAPI. Beside Uboot and WLAN0 blocks, you may use the free space to save your own

EO
parameters.

Another, RT6855 and RT6856 are standalone solutions without WiFi. So, their LAN/WAN MAC

.tw TI
address is stored in 0xE000-0xE00b in RF Parameter block of flash.

om EN
0x40000
RF 1 parameter
0x40200

x.c ID LAN MAC Byte5

LAN MAC Byte4
0x0
0x1
ne NF

LAN MAC Byte0 0x5

syn CO

0x48000 WAN MAC Byte5 0x6

RF 2 parameter
0x48200
o@ EK

WAN MAC Byte0 0xb

qia AT

0x4E000
Standalone parameter
0x50000
joe I
R ED

Figure 12 RF parameter block of Ralink SDK Flash Layout

FO M

10.2 SPI Flash vendor support

At present, SDK could support following SPI flash:

Vendor Type No. Size

AT25DF321 4M
ATMEL
AT26DF161 2M

Page 63 of 132
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FL016AIF 2M
FL064AIF 8M
S25FL128P 16M

N
SPANSION
S25FL129P 16M

US AL
EO
S25FL032P 4M
S25FL064P 8M
MX25L1605D 2M

.tw TI
MX25L3205D 4M
MXIC MX25L6405D 8M

om EN
MX25L12805D 16M
MX25L25635E 32M
EN25F16 2M

x.c ID EON
EN25F32
EN25Q32
4M
4M
EN25F64/EN25P64 8M
ne NF
EN25Q64 8M
W25Q32BV 4M
syn CO

W25Q32BV 4M
Winbond
W25Q64BV/S25FL064K 8M
W25Q128BV 16M
o@ EK

10.3 Firmware Upgrade

qia AT

10.3.1 By Uboot
joe I
R ED
FO M

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
1. Select option 2 on the UBoot menu to burn the Linux image from 0x50000 to 0x400000.
2. Select option 9 on the Uboot menu to update your uboot from 0x0 to 0x30000.
ne NF
10.3.2 By WebUI
syn CO

You can use WebUI to upgrade the Linux image.

o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

Figure 13 WebUI Firmware Upgrade

CGI uses the mtd_write command to burn a Linux image.

 File system in RAM - Burn Linux image to mtdblock3 (Kernel)

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 File system in Flash - Burn first x bytes to mtdblock3, and others to mtdblock4 (ps. X byes =

MTTD kernel partition size in “make menuconfig”

N
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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11 FAQ

N
US AL
11.1 RT2880 Default password/UART/networking setting

EO
Table 4 Networking Setting

.tw TI
LAN IP Address 10.10.10.254

Subnet 255.255.255.0

om EN
WAN IP Address DHCP

Table 5 UART Setting

x.c ID Item Value

ne NF
Baud Rate 57600

Data bits 8
Parity None
syn CO

Stop Bit 1
Flow Control None

Table 6 Web Setting

o@ EK

Item Default Value

User Name: admin
qia AT

Password: admin

11.2 System requirements for the host platform

joe I

RT2880 SDK uses Fedora 6 Host to build the image. Change your Linux distribution if you cannot
R ED

successfully build the image.

Table 7 Requirements of Host Platform

FO M

Item Value
Linux Distribution Fedora 6
Kernel version 2.6.18-1.2798.fc6
RAM 512MB
HD 40G

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11.3 How to add new default parameter in flash

There are four default settings In RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880, based on different

N
platforms.

US AL
EO
 RT2860_default_vlan: IC+ ( gateway mode)/Vitesse Platform
 RT2860_default_novlan: IC+ (bridge mode)/Marvell 1000 Phy platform

.tw TI
 RT2860_default_oneport: IC+ 100 Phy platform
 RT2561_default: RT2561 PCI NIC (RT2860+RT2561 concurrent)

om EN
11.3.1 Example 1

Add a new default parameter - WHOAMI for IC+ platform

x.c ID
1. Edit RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880/ RT2860_default_vlan, and add the

following line.
ne NF
WHOAMI=steven
syn CO

2. Push “wps/load_default” button or execute the following commands

#ralink_init clear 2860

#reboot
o@ EK

3. Use nvram_get to retrieve WHOAMI parameter in script file

(RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/scripts), or nvram_bufset, nvram_bufget,

qia AT

nvram_commit in your CGI(RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/src) to use your feature.

11.3.2 Example 2
joe I
R ED

Save the RADIO ON/OFF button in WebUI to flash:

1. Add a line to RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880/ RT2860_default_vlan for the

FO M

default value:

RadioOn=1

2. Modify RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/src/wireless.c, function wirelessBasic() to save the

radio on/off value to flash:

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radio = websGetVar(wp, T("radiohiddenButton"), T("2"));

if (!strncmp(radio, "0", 2)) {

N
nvram_bufset(RT2860_NVRAM, "RadioOn", radio);

US AL
EO
doSystem("ifconfig ra0 down");

.tw TI
websRedirect(wp, "wireless/basic.asp");

return;

om EN
}

else if (!strncmp(radio, "1", 2)) {

x.c ID
nvram_bufset(RT2860_NVRAM, "RadioOn", radio);
ne NF
doSystem("ifconfig ra0 up");

websRedirect(wp, "wireless/basic.asp");
syn CO

return;

}
o@ EK

3. Modify the RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/scripts/internet.sh script not to bring ra0 up if

RadioOn value stored in flash is not 1. Change “ifconfig ra0 0.0.0.0” to…
qia AT

radio=`nvram_get 2860 RadioOn`

if [ "$radio" = "1" ]
joe I

ifconfig ra0 0.0.0.0 up

R ED

else
FO M

ifconfig ra0 0.0.0.0 down

fi

11.4 Enable Ethernet Converter Feature

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The Wi-Fi Interface on the RT2880 platform should be configured for STA mode. All PCs under the

RT2880 GMAC port connect to the AP via the RT2880 platform.

N
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
Figure 14 Ethernet Converter Operation Diagram
syn CO

If the RT2880 platform can be operated as an AP or Ethernet converter by WebUI Configuration, make

sure STA support and AP support as a Linux module is on in the rt2860v2 driver.
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED

Turn on the rt2860v2 STA support if the RT2880 platform is an Ethernet converter only.
FO M

Select the operation mode on the “Operation Mode Configuration” web page.

Page 70 of 132
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rt2860v2_sta.o

US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID Figure 15 WebUI - STA Mode Setting
ne NF
11.5 Change RF chip from RT2820 to RT2850 on the RT2880 platform

The QA program can burn an RT2850 EEPROM binary file. Click the “Load File” button and choose
syn CO

your own EEPROM binary file. The QA program will immediately burn the binary file to flash.
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED

Figure 16 QA – Burn your own EEPROM binary file

11.6 How to change the Ethernet MAC address

FO M

The Ralink Ethernet driver uses GMAC0_ADDR to save its LAN/WAN mac address. If GMAC0_ADDR
is empty, it will generate a random mac address instead.

#define GMAC0_ADDR (RT_EEPROM_BASE + 0x28)

#define GMAC1_ADDR (RT_EEPROM_BASE + 0x2E)

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Note: If you need the LAN/WAN Ports to have different MAC addresses, adjust the Ethernet driver to
get GMAC0_ADDR for LAN, and GMAC1_ADDR for WAN.
Use the QA program to modify your flash content.

N
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID Figure 17 QA – Modify GMAC Mac address
ne NF
11.7 How to configure GPIO ports

$SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/char/ralink_gpio.c
syn CO

$SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/char/ralink_gpio.h

 RALINK_GPIO_SET_DIR - Configure the direction of the GPIO pins using bitmaps. Bit 1 is for

output, and bit 0 is for input. For example, value 0x5 is for configuring GPIO pin 0 and 2 as
o@ EK

output pins, and the other pins as input pins.

 RALINK_GPIO_SET_DIR_IN - Configure one or several GPIO pins as input pins using bitmaps.
qia AT

For example, value 0x5 is for configuring GPIO pin 0 and 2 as input pins, and other pins are

ignored.
joe I

 RALINK_GPIO_SET_DIR_OUT - Configure one or several GPIO pins as output pins using

R ED

bitmaps. For example, value 0x5 is for configuring GPIO pin 0 and 2 as output pins, and other

pins are ignored.

FO M

 RALINK_GPIO_READ - Read the value from the GPIO data.

 RALINK_GPIO_WRITE - Write a value to the GPIO data.

 RALINK_GPIO_SET - Set a value with corresponding bits on to the GPIO data. For example,

value 0x5 means GPIO data bit 0 and 2 will be set to 1, and the other bits will be ignored.

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 RALINK_GPIO_CLEAR - Clear a value with corresponding bits off the GPIO data. For example,

value 0x5 means GPIO data bit 0 and 2 will clear to 0, and other bits will be ignored.

N
 RALINK_GPIO_READ_BIT - Read the corresponding bit from the GPIO data. For example, bit 2

US AL
means read the third bit from GPIO data.

EO
 RALINK_GPIO_WRITE_BIT - Write a corresponding bit to the GPIO data. For example, bit 2 and

.tw TI
value 1 mean to write value 1 to the third bit of GPIO data.

 RALINK_GPIO_READ_BYTE - Read the corresponding byte from the GPIO data. For example,

om EN
byte 2 means to read the third byte from GPIO data.

 RALINK_GPIO_WRITE_BYTE - Write a corresponding byte to the GPIO data. For example, byte

x.c ID
2 and value 0x33 mean to write value 0x33 to the third byte of the GPIO data.

 RALINK_GPIO_READ_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_READ.

ne NF
 RALINK_GPIO_WRITE_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_WRITE.
syn CO

 RALINK_GPIO_SET_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_SET.

 RALINK_GPIO_CLEAR_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_CLEAR.

 RALINK_GPIO_ENABLE_INTP - Enable GPIO input interrupt.

o@ EK

 RALINK_GPIO_DISABLE_INT - Disable GPIO input interrupt.

RALINK_GPIO_REG_IRQ - Register to receive an interruption from a GPIO pin. When the GPIO pin is
qia AT

interrupted, a signal SIGUSR1 or SIGUSR2 will be sent to the registered user process id. SIGUSR1 is

sent when the GPIO pin has been clicked once, and SIGUSR2 is send when the GPIO pin has been
joe I

pressed for several seconds.

R ED

11.8 Use GPIO to turn on LED

The following tables show the current GPIO definition for RT2880/RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350.
FO M

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Table 6 GPIO Usage of RT2880

N
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO

Table 7 GPIO Usage of RT3052

o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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Table 8 GPIO Usage of RT3883/RT3662

RT3883/RT3662
Ball name Function Description
Ball #

N
US AL
Use for WPS LED on

EO
K9 GPIO0 WPS LED
Reference board.

.tw TI
Use for Giga Switch reset on
K8 GPIO1 GPHYRST_N
Reference board.

om EN
RF 2.4GHz/5GHz Band
L9 GPIO2 Band selection
selection.

L8

G14
x.c ID GPIO3

GPIO4
WPS_PB WPS Push Button.

SWRST_N_PB Factory Default Push Button.

ne NF
H14 GPIO5 Boot Strapping Boot Strapping

H12 GPIO6 Boot Strapping Boot Strapping

syn CO

H13 GPIO7 Boot Strapping Boot Strapping

G12 GPIO8 NC Reserved for internal use.

o@ EK

The Ralink SDK GPIO driver gives an interface to set the frequency of the LEDs connected to the
qia AT

GPIOs.

Define RALINK_GPIO_LED_LOW_ACT to 1 at $SDK/linux-2.4.x/drivers/char/ralink_gpio.h if the LEDs

are inactive. Otherwise, define it as 0.

joe I
R ED

#make menuconfig
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->
[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)
FO M

Character devices --->

[*] Ralink RT2880 GPIO Support
[*] Ralink GPIO LED Support

The LED can be set to blink in different ways if RALINK_GPIO_LED has been built enabled. The

argument for RALINK_GPIO_LED_SET is ralink_gpio_led_info structure:

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typedef struct {
int gpio
unsigned int on

N
unsigned int off

US AL
EO
unsigned int blinks
unsigned int rests;

.tw TI
unsigned int times;

} ralink_gpio_led_info;

om EN
Write the application to set the LED frequency through the ioctl interface of the GPIO device. Use the

example application, gpio.

x.c ID
#make menuconfig
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->
ne NF
[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings
Ralink RT288x Application --->
[ ] RT2880 GPIO Test
syn CO

Usage:
gpio l <gpio> <on> <off> <blinks> <rests> <times>
 gpio: GPIO number of the board
 on: number of ticks that the LED will be bright
o@ EK

 off: number of ticks that the LED will be dark

 blinks: number of on-offs that the LED will blink
 rests: number of on-offs that the LED will rest
qia AT

 times: number of blinks before the LED stops

Note: 1 tick is equal to 100ms. The maximum number is 4000 at this time.
joe I
R ED
FO M

Page 76 of 132
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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
Figure 18 LED Definition of WPS Specification

Using the WPS PBC status LED as an example, the configurations would be:
syn CO

 InProgress: gpio l <gpio> 2 1 4000 0 4000 (i.e. 2 ticks bright, 1 tick dark, blinking forever.)
 Error: gpio l <gpio> 1 1 4000 0 4000 (i.e. 1 tick bright, 1 tick dark, blinking forever.)
 Session Overlap Detected: gpio l <gpio> 1 1 10 5 4000 (i.e. 1 tick bright, 1 tick dark, blinking for
10 on-offs, resting for 5 on-offs, and never stops.)
o@ EK

 Success: gpio l <gpio> 3000 1 1 1 1 (i.e. 3000 ticks bright, 1 tick dark, blinking for one on-offs and
one time.)
 To turn the LED on and keep it on: gpio l <gpio> 4000 0 1 0 4000
qia AT

 To turn the LED off and keep it off: gpio l <gpio> 0 4000 0 1 4000

11.9 Use LED firmware to turn on LED

joe I

1. enable LED firmware

R ED

#make menuconfig
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->
FO M

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Network device support --->
Ralink Driver --->

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
2. Fill out flash content to control the LED behavior because the LED firmware will read the

om EN
configuration from flash.

Table 18 RT2880 LED Parameters in Flash

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

The current Ralink default flash hex values are subsequently shown.

RT2880 Flash Base Address=0x40000

 4003B: 1 controlled by firmware

 4003C: 55 LED A/G don’t care

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 4003D: 77 LED A/G don’t care
 4003E: A8 LED ACT radio off = solid on/off
 4003F: AA LED ACT blink when transmitting data & management packet

N
 40040: 8C LED Act positive polarity when radio off -> solid off

US AL
 40041: 88 LED Act negative polarity when link to A/G -> blink

EO
11.10 How to start the telnet server

.tw TI
Check RT288x_SDK/source/user/busybox/.config

om EN
11.10.1 busybox setting
CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVPTS=y  General Configuration
CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID=y  General Configuration

x.c ID
CONFIG_LOGIN=y  Login/Password Management Utilities
CONFIG_TELNETD=y  Networking utilities
ne NF
CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_STANDALONE=y

Check RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/.config
syn CO

11.10.2 Linux setting

CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS=y  Character devices
CONFIG_UNIX98_PTY_COUNT=256
o@ EK

CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS=y  File systems

qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

Figure 20 Configuration Procedure of Telnet Server

11.11 11n bit rate derivation

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1. The 11n bit rate is calculated by the MAC driver. The MAC driver refers to the three subsequent
factors.
a. MCS

N
b. BW

US AL
c. GI

EO
Note: the bit rate is primarily given by the PHY layer.

2. Bandwidth: Data subcarriers on different bandwidths, 20MHz and 40MHz.

.tw TI
a. NSD: Number of data subcarriers.

om EN
NSD[40Mhz] = 108

NSD[20Mhz] = 52

x.c ID
NSD[40Mhz]/NSD[20MHz] = 108/52
ne NF
= 2.0769230769230769230769230769231

b. Example:
syn CO

MCS=15, GI=800ns, BW=20MHz, DataRate = 130Mbps

MCS=15, GI=800ns, BW=40MHz, DataRate = 130 * [Nsd(40Mhz) / Nsd(20Mhz) ]

o@ EK

= 130 * [108 / 52 ]

= 270Mbps
qia AT

c. Please refer to “IEEE P802.11n/D2.04, June 2007” on page 314 for subsequent table.
joe I
R ED
FO M

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3. Guard Interval:

a. Definition:

N
Tsym: 4s ;Symbol Interval

US AL
Tsyms: 3.6s ;Symbol interval of Short GI.

EO
b. Ratio of symbol interval on GI, refer to below EWC PHY Sepc.
Tsym / Tsyms = 4sec / 3.6sec = 10/9

.tw TI
c. Example:
MCS=15, 40MHz Bandwidth, and 400ns Short Guard Interval.

om EN
270.0 * (10/9) = 300.0 for Short GI.
d. Reference:

1)
x.c ID
IEEE 802.11n draft 2.04, page 316 and
Table 211—MCS parameters for optional 40 MHz, NSS = 2, NES = 1, EQM (#665)

Data rate (Mb/s)

ne NF
MCS
Modulation R NBPSCS(iSS) NSD NSP NCBPS NDBPS 800 ns 400 ns
Index
GI GI
syn CO

8 BPSK 1/2 1 108 6 216 108 27.0 30.0

9 QPSK 1/2 2 108 6 432 216 54.0 60.0
10 QPSK 3/4 2 108 6 432 324 81.0 90.0
11 16-QAM 1/2 4 108 6 864 432 108.0 120.0
o@ EK

12 16-QAM 3/4 4 108 6 864 648 162.0 180.0

13 64-QAM 2/3 6 108 6 1296 864 216.0 240.0
14 64-QAM 3/4 6 108 6 1296 972 243.0 270.0
qia AT

15 64-QAM 5/6 6 108 6 1296 1080 270.0 300.0

2) EWC PHY spec. page 13.

joe I
R ED
FO M

Page 83 of 132
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N LY
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
3)
x.c ID
EWC PHY spec. page 13.
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK

11.12 How to build a single image for the flash programmer

Example: Make a 4M single image for the rt2880 platform (the Uboot partition is 192K, user
qia AT

configuration partition is 64K, and RF partition is 64K)

# RT288x_SDK/tools/single_img
#vi Makefile.4M
joe I
R ED

#
# Change uboot/kernel size if necessary
#
FO M

UBOOT_SIZE = 0x50000

KERNEL_SIZE = 0x3B0000

#-----------------------------------------------

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USER_NAME = $(shell whoami)

N
# Uboot Image Information

US AL
#

EO
UBOOT_DIR = .
UBOOT_IMAGE = uboot.bin

.tw TI
#
# Linux Kernel Image Information

om EN
#

KERNEL_DIR = .

x.c ID
KERNEL_IMAGE = steven_uImage
#
ne NF
# Single Image Information
#
syn CO

PACKED_DIR = .
PACKED_IMAGE = steven_uImage.img

#cp /tftpboot/uboot.bin .
o@ EK

#cp /tftpboot/steven_uImage .

#make –f Makefile.4M
qia AT

Flash layout:

+-----------+--------+--------+-----------------------------+

| Uboot | UsrCfg | RF | Linux Kernel Image |

joe I

+-----------+--------+--------+-----------------------------+
R ED

|<--------0x50000-------->|<-------0x3B0000------>|

-Original Uboot Image Size

FO M

149372 ./uboot.bin

- Original Kernel Image Size

2779348 ./steven_uImage

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- Packed Image Size

4194304 ./steven_uImage.img

N
#ls –l

US AL
EO
-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 3831 Jun 24 19:00 Makefile.16M
-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 2865 Jun 27 13:27 Makefile.4M

.tw TI
-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 3744 Jun 24 19:00 Makefile.8M
-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 2779348 Jun 27 13:34 steven_uImage

om EN
-rwxr-xr-x 1 steven users 4194304 Jun 27 13:36 steven_uImage.img*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 steven users 149372 Jun 27 13:34 uboot.bin*

11.13
x.c ID
The single image can now be burned using the flash programmer.

How to power down the rt305x Ethernet ports

ne NF

Port 0 1 2 3 4
syn CO

Map W L L L L

MII control register

o@ EK

Bit Name Description Read/Write Default

15 mr_main_reset 1=Reset: 0=Normal, R/ W; SC 1’h0
reset all digital logic, except phy_reg
qia AT

14 loopback_mii Mii loop back R/W 1’h0

13 force_speed 1 = 100Mbps: 0=10Mbps, when R/W 1’h1
mr_autoneg_enable = 1’b0
joe I

12 mr_autoneg_enable 1= Enabled: 0=Normal R/W 1’h1

R ED

11 powerDown phy into power down (power down R/W 1’h0

analog TX analog RX, analog AD)
10 reserved RO 1’h0
FO M

9 mr_restart_negotiation 1 = Restart Auto-Negotiation: R/W; SC 1’h0

0 = Normal
8 force_duplex 1 = Full Duplex: 0 = Half Duplex, when R/W;PC 1’h1
mr_autoneg_enable = 1’b0
7:0 RESERVED RO 8h00

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User Space:

# mii_mgr -s -p 0 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 0 register0 bit11

N
Set: phy[0].reg[0] = 3900

US AL
# mii_mgr -s -p 1 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 1 register0 bit11

EO
Set: phy[1].reg[0] = 3900
# mii_mgr -s -p 2 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 2 register0 bit11

.tw TI
Set: phy[2].reg[0] = 3900
# mii_mgr -s -p 3 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 3 register0 bit11
Set: phy[3].reg[0] = 3900

om EN
# mii_mgr -s -p 4 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 4 register0 bit11
Set: phy[4].reg[0] = 3900
Kernel Space:

x.c ID
extern u32 mii_mgr_read( unsigned int , unsigned int, unsigned int *);
extern u32 mii_mgr_write( unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
ne NF
mii_mgr_write( 0, 0, 0x3900) //set port 0 register0 bit11
mii_mgr_write( 1, 0, 0x3900) //set port 1 register0 bit11
mii_mgr_write( 2, 0, 0x3900) //set port 2 register0 bit11
syn CO

mii_mgr_write( 3, 0, 0x3900) //set port 3 register0 bit11

mii_mgr_write( 4, 0, 0x3900) //set port 4 register0 bit11

You also need to set POC[27:23] to disable Phy port.

RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.6.21.x/drivers/net/raeth/rather.c)
o@ EK

*(unsigned long *)(0xb0110090) = 0x0??07f7f;

qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

11.14 How to enable NFS client

#make menuconfig

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Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection--->
Networking options --->

N
[*] IP: kernel level autoconfiguration

US AL
File systems --->

EO
Network File Systems --->

.tw TI
Linux 2.4:

<*> NFS file system support

om EN
[*] Provide NFSv3 client support
[*] Allow direct I/O on NFS files (EXPERIMENTAL)
[*] Root file system on NFS

Linux 2.6 x.c ID

ne NF
<*> NFS file system support
[*] Provide NFSv3 client support
[*] Provide client support for the NFSv3 ACL protocol extension
syn CO

[*] Provide NFSv4 client support (EXPERIMENTAL)

[*] Allow direct I/O on NFS files

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection--->
o@ EK

[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)

[*] Customize Busybox Settings
Linux System Utilities--->
qia AT

[*] mount
[ ] Support mount helpers
joe I

[*] Support mounting NFS file systems

R ED

Example:

# mount -o nolock 192.168.18.21:/tftpboot /mnt

FO M

# mount

……………………….

/dev/sda1 on /media/sda1 type vfat

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(rw,fmask=0000,dmask=0000,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1)

192.168.18.21:/tftpboot on /mnt type nfs

N
US AL
(rw,vers=3,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,hard,nolock,proto=udp,timeo=7,retrans=3,sec=sys,addr=192.16

EO
8.18.21)

11.15 How to add a new language to the web UI

.tw TI
The following instructions are an example and show how to add the Korean language to the web UI.

om EN
1. Copy all the xml files under RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/lang/en to
RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/lang/kr and translate the “msgstr” part in those files.
(Note: the translation should be UTF-8 encoded)

x.c ID
2. Add an entry to RT288x_SDK/source/config/config.in:
dep_bool ' language pack - Korean' CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_LANG_KR
ne NF
$CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_HTTPD

3. Add an entry toRT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/Makefile:

ifneq ("$(CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_LANG_KR)", "y")
syn CO

rm -rf $(ROMFSDIR)/$(ROOT_DIRECTORY)/lang/kr
endif

4. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/src/utils.c:
Add to ‘getLangBuilt’ function:
o@ EK

else if (!strncmp(lang, "kr", 5))

#ifdef CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_LANG_KR
return websWrite(wp, T("1"));
qia AT

#else
return websWrite(wp, T("0"));
#endif
joe I

5. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/overview.asp
R ED

Add to ‘initValue’ function:

var lang_kr = "<% getLangBuilt("kr"); %>";
if (lang_kr == "1")
FO M

lang_element.options[lang_element.length] = new Option('Korean', 'kr');

6. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/adm/management.asp
Add to ‘initValue’ function:
var lang_kr = "<% getLangBuilt("kr"); %>";
if (lang_kr == "1")
lang_element.options[lang_element.length] = new Option('Korean', 'kr');

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7. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/home.asp
Fix ‘initLanguage’ function

8. make menuconfig

N
Customize Vendor/User Settings ---> Network Applications ---> select Korean language

US AL
EO
pack

11.16 How to enable watchdog

.tw TI
 User mode Watchdog:

$ make menuconfig

om EN
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

x.c ID
Device Drivers --->

Character devices --->

ne NF
Watchdog Cards --->
syn CO
o@ EK

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Miscellaneous Applications --->

qia AT
joe I

Finally, Enable watchdog in WebUI.

R ED
FO M

 Kernel mode Watchdog:

$ make menuconfig

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Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

N
Machine selection --->

US AL
EO
.tw TI
11.17 How to enable USB storage on the RT305x platform

om EN
#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

x.c ID
[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)

Device Drivers --->

ne NF
SCSI device support --->

<*> SCSI device support

syn CO

<*> SCSI disk support

USB support --->

<*> Support for Host-side USB

o@ EK

[*] USB verbose debug messages

[*] USB device filesystem

<*> USB Mass Storage support

qia AT

[*] USB Mass Storage verbose debug

File systems --->

joe I

<*> Filesystem in Userspace support

R ED

DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems --->

<*> VFAT (Windows-95) fs support

FO M

(437) Default codepage for FAT (NEW)

(iso8859-1) Default iocharset for FAT (NEW)

Partition Types --->

[*] Advanced partition selection

[*] PC BIOS (MSDOS partition tables) support (NEW)

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Native Language Support --->

(iso8859-1) Default NLS Option

N
<*> Codepage 437 (United States, Canada)

US AL
<*> Traditional Chinese charset (Big5)

EO
<*> NLS ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1; Western European Languages)

<*> NLS UTF-8

.tw TI
Ralink Module --->

<M> RALINK DWC_OTG support

om EN
[] enable debug mode

[*] HOST ONLY MODE

x.c ID [] DEVICE ONLY MODE

CAUTION: THE KERNEL SIZE CANNOT BE BIGGER THAN THE MTD KERNEL PARTITION
ne NF
SIZE IN ROOTFS IN FLASH MODE.

#=============================================================
syn CO

# Original Kernel Image Size

1033369 /home/steven/rt3052/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

# Padded Kernel Image Size

1048512 /home/steven/rt3052/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma
o@ EK

# Original RootFs Size

…………….
qia AT

11.18 How to enable USB automount on the RT305x platform

#make menuconfig
joe I

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

R ED

[*] Customize Busybox Settings

Linux System Utilities --->

FO M

[*] mdev

[*] Support /etc/mdev.conf

[] Support subdirs/symlinks (NEW)

[*] Support command execution at device addition/removal

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

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Miscellaneous Applications --->

[*] ntfs-3g

N
11.19 How to enable software QoS

US AL
EO
To support the Ralink SW QoS, many menuconfig options in Ralink SDK must be enabled,
including in kernel and application configs.

.tw TI
Kernel IMQ config:

om EN
Since the Intermediate Queueing (IMQ) pseudo device are used to support Ralink SW QoS, it
must be enabled first, or some needed options in Netfilter configs won’t show up due to dependency.

Networking x.c ID
--->

Device Drivers --->

ne NF
Network device support --->
syn CO

<*> IMQ (intermediate queueing device) support

IMQ behavior (PRE/POSTROUTING) (IMQ AB)

(2) Number of IMQ devices

o@ EK

Kernel Netfilter configs:

In order to support Ralink SW QoS, several necessary Netfilter modules are used, including
qia AT

Netfilter match and target modules. These modules must be enabled to let Ralink SW QoS work
correctly. But first of all, a proprietary Ralink option in Netfilter has to be enabled.

To completely fit the requirement of Ralink SW QoS some changes are made in Linux Netfilter
joe I

architecture. For this changes, a Ralink proprietary Netfilter option Netfilter Ralink SWQoS support is
R ED

introduced. This Ralink proprietary Netfilter option must be enabled to support Ralink SW QoS, or the
classification of IP address may not work properly. If the Ralink SW QoS is not required, of course, it is
recommended to leave this option blank to keep the Linux Netfilter architecture unchanged and
FO M

expected.

-> Networking

-> Networking support (NET [=y])

-> Networking options

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-> Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) (NETFILTER [=y]

-> Core Netfilter Configuration

N
[*] Netfilter Ralink SWQoS support(Marking after NAT)

US AL
EO
Then please enable the following necessary netfilter and iptables modules to support Ralink SW

.tw TI
QoS:

-> Networking

om EN
-> Networking support (NET [=y])

-> Networking options

x.c ID
-> Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) (NETFILTER [=y]
ne NF
-> Core Netfilter Configuration

<*> Netfilter connection tracking support

syn CO

<*> "conntrack" connection tracking match support

<*> "DSCP" target support

<*> "MARK" target support

o@ EK

<*> "DSCP" match support

<*> "helper" match support

qia AT

<*> "length" match support

<*> "mac" address match support

joe I
R ED

<*> "state" match support

<*> "layer7" match support

FO M

<*> "Ethernet port for incoming packets" match support

And,

-> Networking

-> Networking support (NET [=y])

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-> Networking options

-> Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) (NETFILTER [=y]

N
->IP: Netfilter Configuration --->

US AL
EO
<*> IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT)

<*> Packet mangling

.tw TI
<*> IMQ target support

om EN
Application configs:

x.c ID
Besides kernel configs, there are also several application menuconfigs which has to be enabled
to support Ralink SW QoS.
ne NF
[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Library Configuration --->

syn CO

[*] Build libresolv

Network Applications --->

[*] iptables
o@ EK

[*] iproute2

[*] tc
qia AT

Ralink Proprietary Application --->

[*] Software QoS

joe I
R ED

11.20 Software QoS information

FO M

11.20.1 Software QoS – Preface

The Ralink SoC SW QoS supports many different types of classification, rate limitation, and DSCP

remarking. Ralink SoC SW QoS is based on the Linux Qdiscs, TC, and iptables. Ralink SoC SW QoS

supports download and upload stream on a WAN interface.

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11.20.2 Software QoS – Concept

The Ralink SoC SW QoS architecture is shown in the subsequent figure. The Classifier module

N
classifies incoming packets into the Shaper module. The Shaper module has 4 queues (groups) to do

US AL
EO
rate limitation, and then the Remark module rewrites the DSCP field of the packet if it is necessary.

SW QoS

.tw TI
Classifier Shaper Remark

om EN
packets x.c ID packets
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK

11.20.3 Software QoS – Usage

Conceptually, there are three main settings in Ralink SW QoS have to be specified : Global settings,
qia AT

Group settings, and Rule settings.

Global settings:
joe I
R ED
FO M

1. Select ”upload to Internet “ or “download from Internet” on the web UI to enable the Ralink SW
QoS.

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2. Enter the upload and download bandwidth details to make a good fit with the user’s network
environment (e.g. ADSL 512k/64k, Cable Modem 10M/10M….)

N
3. Select a QoS model: DRR (Deficit Round Robin), SPQ(Strict Priority Queue), DRR+SPQ.

US AL
4. Select reserved bandwidth. The reserved bandwidth is out of the control of Ralink SW QoS.

EO
.tw TI
Group settings:

Four QoS groups are shown after specifying Global settings in Ralink SW QoS. Now all packets

om EN
through this gateway are classified into these four QoS groups according to the user’s QoS rules

settings. The four QoS groups are subsequently shown.

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT

The default group is the group named Default(the third group), that means the packet would be

classified into this group if it doesn’t match with any rules.

joe I
R ED
FO M

In each QoS group there are two attributes Rate and Ceil as shown in the subsequent figure.

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
a. Rate: Set the guaranteed minimum bandwidth that this group can use.

b. Ceil: Set the maximum bandwidth that this group can use.

om EN
The first group named Highest has the highest priority. The next group named High has the

second priority. The third group named Default is the default group. The last group named Low

x.c ID
has the lowest priority.
ne NF
syn CO

Highest priority means the left available bandwidth will serve the group first, but settings for

guaranteed rate and ceil in every group are still met strictly. For example, people often hope VoIP
o@ EK

traffic is classified as the highest priority group for short latency and good quality, and P2P traffic

to be classified as the lowest priority and background traffic.

qia AT

Rules settings:
joe I

The QoS rules are made to do classification, and remarking. One QoS rules are made of 3
R ED

parts: attributes, classifiers, and remaker.

FO M

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
1) Rule attribute:

a) Name: specifies this rules name

syn CO

b) Group: specifies which group this rule is belongs to.

2) Rule classifiers:
o@ EK

Ralink SW QoS supports these classifiers currently:

a) SRC/DSP IP address (with netmask)

qia AT

b) Packet length

c) DSCP field
joe I
R ED

d) ICMP, TCP/UDP port range

e) Layer 7 (content inspection)

FO M

3) Rule Remarker: This argument specifies what DSCP value would be added to the packet as a

remark which matches the rule.

11.21 How to enable USB Ethernet (example for ASIX AX88XXX)

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

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[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Device Drivers --->

USB support --->

N
US AL
USB Network Adapters --->

EO
<M> Multi-purpose USB Networking Framework

<M> ASIX AX88xxx Based USB 2.0 Ethernet Adapters

.tw TI
<M> CDC Ethernet support (smart devices such as cable modems)

CONFIG_USB_RTL8150=m

om EN
# insmod usbnet
# insmod cdc_ether
usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
# insmod asix.kox.c ID
usbcore: registered new interface driver asix
ne NF
# usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using dwc_otg and address 2
usb 1-1: Product: USB2.0
usb 1-1: Manufacturer: ASIX Elec. Corp.
syn CO

usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 01

usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
eth0: register 'asix' at usb-lm0-1, ASIX AX8817x USB 2.0 Ethernet, 00:0e:2e:41:72:9e
o@ EK

# brctl addif br0 eth0

device eth0 entered promiscuous mode
qia AT

# brctl show br0

bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c43414367 no ra0
eth2.1
joe I
R ED

eth0
# ifconfig eth0 up
ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
br0: port 3(eth0) entering learning state
FO M

eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xC5E1

br0: topology change detected, propagating
br0: port 3(eth0) entering forwarding state

# ping 10.10.10.3
PING 10.10.10.3 (10.10.10.3): 56 data bytes

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64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=0 ttl=128 time=3.381 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=1 ttl=128 time=1.038 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.067 ms

N
64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=3 ttl=128 time=1.069 ms

US AL
EO
11.22 How to build a single image for the RT2880 8M flash platform
#cd Uboot

.tw TI
#make menuconfig

(128Mb) DRAM Component

om EN
(32bits) DRAM Bus

x.c ID
(8M) Flash Size

#cd RT288x_SDK/source
ne NF
#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

syn CO

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Machine selection --->

(8M) Flash Size

o@ EK

#cd RT288x_SDK/tools/single_img/RT2880

#vi Makefile.8M
qia AT

UBOOT_IMAGE = rt2880_100phy_128Mbx16_8Mflash.uboot

KERNEL_IMAGE = rt2880_100phy_128Mbx16_8Mflash.linux
joe I

PACKED_IMAGE = rt2880_100phy_128Mbx16_8Mflash.uboot
R ED

#make –f Makefile.8M
FO M

Flash layout:

+-----------------------+---------+---------+----+--------------------------------+

| KERNEL PartII | Uboot |UsrCfg| RF| Kernel PartI |

+-----------------------+-------+------+---+--------------------------------------+

|<----0x400000-->|<----0x50000->|---------0x3B0000 --------->|

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11.23 How to start a printer server (example for HP officejet 4355)

Step1: SDK Configuration

N
US AL
#make menuconfig

EO
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

.tw TI
Device Drivers --->

USB support --->

om EN
<*> USB Printer support

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

x.c ID
Network Applications --->

[*] p910nd (small printer daemon)

ne NF
Step2: Plug in USB Printer

# usb 1-1: new full speed USB device using dwc_otg and address 2
syn CO

usb 1-1: Product: Officejet 4300 series

usb 1-1: Manufacturer: HP

o@ EK

usb 1-1: SerialNumber: CN864GZ1S004GR

usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice

qia AT

drivers/usb/class/usblp.c: usblp0: USB Bidirectional printer dev 2 if 1 alt 0 proto 2 vid

0x03F0 pid
joe I
R ED

0x5411

Step3: run the printer daemon

FO M

# p910nd -f /dev/lp0

Step4: Setup the printer in Windows

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N LY
US AL
EO
->

.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
-> ->
syn CO
o@ EK

-> ->
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

-> ->

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N LY
US AL
EO
-> ->

.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
-> ->
syn CO
o@ EK

-> =>
qia AT

11.24 How to force the RT3052 link speed

There are two kinds of force mode that refer to the configuration of the remote peer.
joe I
R ED

1. Force Mode (Both RT305x and remote peer disable auto negotiation algorithm)

 10MB/Full: Set bit13=0, bit12=0,bit8=1 (reg_addr=0)

FO M

 10MB/Half:Set bit13=0,bit12=0,bit8=0 (reg_addr=0)

 100MB/Full:Set bit13=1,bit12=0,bit8=1 (reg_addr=0)
 100MB/Half:Set bit13=1,bit12=0,bit8=0 (reg_addr=0)

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N LY
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
2. Auto negotiation (Both RT305x and remote peer enable auto negotiation algorithm)

 10MB/Full: Set bit6=1 (reg_addr=4)

ne NF
 10MB/Half: Set bit5=1 (reg_addr=4)
 100MB/Full: Set bit8=1 (reg_addr=4)
 100MB/Half: Set bit7=1 (reg_addr=4)
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

User Mode:

# mii_mgr -s -p [port_no] -r [reg_addr] -v [Value]

Kernel Space:

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extern u32 mii_mgr_write( unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
mii_mgr_write( [port_no], [reg_addr], [value])

N
NOTES: IF BOTH RT305X SWITCH AND REMOTE PEER DO NOT USE THE SAME

US AL
CONFIGURATION (I.E. AUTO-NEGOTIATION OR FORCE MODE) IT CAN CAUSE A PROBLEM.

EO
11.25 How to verify IGMP snooping function

.tw TI
Step1: Compiling IGMP proxy application.

om EN
#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

x.c ID
[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings (NEW)

Network Applications --->

ne NF
[*] igmp proxy (RFC4605)
syn CO

Step2: Enable IGMP Proxy in WebUI.

o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED

Step3: Install windows server 2003 resource kit tools in your PCs.

You can get the test application from the following link or Ralink SDK.
FO M

- HTTP://WWW.MICROSOFT.COM/DOWNLOADS/DETAILS.ASPX?FAMILYID=9D467A69-57FF-
4AE7-96EE-B18C4790CFFD&DISPLAYLANG=EN

- RT288x_SDK/source/user/igmpproxy/tools/rktools.exe.

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Step4: Start Multicast test

N
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
Mcast server:

x.c ID
C:\>mcast /GRPS:239.1.1.1 /SRCS:10.10.10.3 /NUMPKTS:1000 /INTVL:50 /SEND

(Please use "/intf" argument to specify an interface to receive or send if you have multiple network
ne NF
interfaces.)

Now, you can see the multicast packets will be generated by Mcast Server.
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED

Mcast Client1:

C:\>mcast /GRPS:239.1.1.1 /RECV

FO M

Step5: Starting network sniffer on Client1 and Client2.

The right behavior is only Client1 can receive multicast packets.

11.26 EHCI/OHCI USB Power Saving

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A potential issue may happen if user chooses a mixed version pair of SDK Linux and Uboot. A
confirmed pair is RT3883/RT3662 SDK3.5 Uboot + SDK 3.4 Linux, this pair may cause system to
freeze during boot up.

N
US AL
To reduce power consumption and lower the working temperature, SDK3.5 and later versions disable

EO
the USB power and clock gating during the boot-loader initialization stage. The advantage is more

power-saving. The detail is SDK 3.5 Uboot would disable the USB HW module by default. And then the

.tw TI
SDK 3.5 EHCI/OHCI Linux driver have to re-enable USB HW module before accessing USB related

registers.

om EN
However, if user chooses an unexpected pair, ex. SDK3.5 Uboot + SDK 3.4 Linux, the system may
freeze at OHCI initialization during boot up as following log. This is because the SDK 3.5(or later)
Uboot would disable the USB HW module to save power, but then the older SDK Linux(SDK 3.4 )

x.c ID
EHCI/OHCI driver does not re-enable the USB HW module before accessing USB function.
ne NF
…
rt3xxx-ohci rt3xxx-ohci: RT3xxx OHCI Controller
rt3xxx-ohci rt3xxx-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
syn CO

rt3xxx-ohci rt3xxx-ohci: irq 18, io mem 0x101c1000 <<<<< freeze at here

To solve the issue(freeze at OHCI init), please disable the USB(EHCI/OHCI) power saving feature in

SDK 3.5(and later) Uboot as following:

o@ EK

In Uboot/lib_mips/board.c
qia AT

void board_init_r (gd_t *id, ulong dest_addr)

{
…
joe I

//void config_usb_ehciohci(void);
R ED

//config_usb_ehciohci();
…

}
FO M

And then rebuild Uboot.

11.27 Auto-frequency and Power Saving

The RT3352/RT5350 SOC has the capability of auto-frequency and power saving.

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 CPU Auto-Frequency (RT3352/RT5350)

 SDR Power Pre-charge Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

N
DDR self Refresh Power Save (RT3352)

US AL


EO
 Ethernet Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

.tw TI
 USB Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

 WIFI Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

om EN
Notice: Those new features are supported by SDK 3.5.2.0 and later version.

1. Setup
x.c ID
ne NF
 How to turn on CPU Auto-Frequnecy

For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on CPU auto frequency function by:

syn CO

Modifying config.mk in Uboot and rebuild uboot firmware

RALINK_DDR_CONTROLLER_OPTIMIZATION = OFF
o@ EK

RALINK_CPU_AUTO_FREQUENCY = ON

RALINK_SDR_PRECHARGE_POWER_DOWN = OFF
qia AT

RALINK_DDR_SELF_REFRESH_POWER_SAVE_MODE = OFF

…
joe I
R ED

$make

Set Linux Kernel Configuration and then rebuild linux firmware

FO M

$make menuconfig --->

Machine selection ---> [*] Ralink External Timer

………………………………………………………………………………………

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$make dep; make

 How to turn on SDR Pre-charge Power Down

N
For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on SDR power save by:

US AL
EO
Modifying config.mk in Uboot and rebuild uboot firmware

.tw TI
RALINK_DDR_CONTROLLER_OPTIMIZATION = OFF

RALINK_CPU_AUTO_FREQUENCY = OFF

om EN
RALINK_SDR_PRECHARGE_POWER_DOWN = ON

RALINK_DDR_SELF_REFRESH_POWER_SAVE_MODE = OFF

$make
x.c ID
ne NF
 How to turn on DDR Self Refresh Power Save

For RT3352 , We can turn on DDR power save by:

syn CO

Modifying config.mk in Uboot and rebuild uboot firmware

RALINK_DDR_CONTROLLER_OPTIMIZATION = OFF
o@ EK

RALINK_CPU_AUTO_FREQUENCY = OFF

RALINK_SDR_PRECHARGE_POWER_DOWN = OFF
qia AT

RALINK_DDR_SELF_REFRESH_POWER_SAVE_MODE = ON

$make
joe I
R ED

2. Setup in script

…
FO M

/sbin/config-powersave.sh cpu 1 - enable CPU autofrequency

/sbin/config-powersave.sh cpu 0 - disable CPU autofrequency

/sbin/config-powersave.sh sdr 1 - enable SDR precharge powersave

/sbin/config-powersave.sh sdr 0 - disable SDR precharge powersave

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/sbin/config-powersave.sh ddr 1 - enable DDR self auto refresh

/sbin/config-powersave.sh ddr 0 - disable DDR self auto refresh

N
/sbin/config-powersave.sh ethernet 1 [port] - enable Ralink ESW PHY powerdown

US AL
EO
/sbin/config-powersave.sh ethernet 0 [port] - disable Ralink ESW PHY powerdown

/sbin/config-powersave.sh usb 1 - enable usb powerdown

.tw TI
/sbin/config-powersave.sh usb 0 - disable usb powerdown

om EN
/sbin/config-powersave.sh wireless 1 - enable wireless powerdown

/sbin/config-powersave.sh wireless 0 - disable wireless powerdown


…
x.c ID
How to turn on CPU Auto-Frequency
ne NF
For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on CPU auto frequency function by:

#config-powersave.sh cpu 1
syn CO

 How to turn on SDR Pre-charge Power Down

For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on SDR power save by:

o@ EK

#config-powersave.sh sdr 1

 How to turn on DDR Self Refresh Power Save

qia AT

For RT3352 , We can turn on DDR power save by:

#config-powersave.sh ddr 1
joe I

 How to turn on Ethernet Power Down

R ED

For RT3352 /RT5350, We can turn on Ethernet port#3 power down by:

#config-powersave.sh ethernet 1 3
FO M

 How to turn on USB Power Down

For RT3352 /RT5350, We can turn on USB power down by:

#config-powersave.sh usb 1

 How to turn on WIFI Power Down

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For RT3352 /RT5350, We can turn on WIFI power down by

#config-powersave.sh wifi 1

N
3. Check Function

US AL
EO
 CPU Auto-Frequency

Turn off:

.tw TI
om EN
Turn on:
x.c ID
ne NF

 SDR Pre-charge Power Save

syn CO

Turn off:
o@ EK
qia AT

Turn on:
joe I
R ED

 DDR Self Refresh Power Save

FO M

Turn off:

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Turn on:

N
US AL
EO
11.28 Concurrent AP porting Guide

.tw TI
The APSOC has the capability of working 1st wireless interface and 2nd wireless interfaces

om EN
concurrently.

A. The interface1 (ra0)

B.
x.c ID
The interface 2 (rai0)

Station can associate and execute WPS connection for any wireless interface. Moreover, user can
ne NF
configure the settings of any wireless interface by Web GUI.

You can refer to Ralink_AP_SDK_User's_Manual for the Detail information.

syn CO

1. Setup:

If your SDK does not include RT309x/RT539x/RT3572/RT5572/RT5592/RT3593 support, please refer

the following steps to install it.
o@ EK

Requirement:

 RT288x_SDK
qia AT

 RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572/RT5592/RT3593 WiFi driver

 RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572/RT5592/RT3593 EEPROM binary files

Procedure: (RT383+RT3090 as example)

joe I

Step1.
R ED

Please copy RT309x WiFi driver to RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/drivers/net/wireless

ex:
FO M

$cp RT3090_ap RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/drivers/net/wireless

Step2.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/drivers/net/wireless/Makefile

ex:

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ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT2860V2_AP),)
obj-$(CONFIG_RT2860V2_AP) += rt2860v2_ap/
endif
ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT2860V2_STA),)

N
obj-$(CONFIG_RT2860V2_STA) += rt2860v2_sta/
endif

US AL
ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT3090_AP),)

EO
obj-$(CONFIG_RT3090_AP) += RT3090_ap/
endif
…

.tw TI
Step3.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/ralink/Kconfig

om EN
ex:

x.c ID
#source "drivers/net/wireless/rt2860v2_sta/Kconfig"
ne NF
#source "drivers/net/wireless/rt2860v2_apsta/Kconfig"

source "drivers/net/wireless/RT3090_ap/Kconfig"

config RT3090_AP_RF_OFFSET
syn CO

depends on RT3090_AP

hex

default 0x48000
o@ EK

Step4.

If wifi driver support FLASH_SUPPORT, please copy EEPROM binary file to

qia AT

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT3883

ex:

$cp RT3092_PCIe_LNA_2T2R_ALC_V1_2.bin
joe I

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}
R ED

Step5.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT3883/Makefile

FO M

ex:

…
$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3883_3T3R RT2860_default_novlan_3s
/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_novlan
$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3883_3T3R RT2860_default_vlan_3s
/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_vlan
$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3662_2T2R
/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_novlan

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$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3662_2T2R
/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_vlan

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT3090_AP /etc_ro/Wireless/iNIC/RT2860AP.dat

N
$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT3090_AP
/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT3092_PCIe_LNA_2T2R_ALC_V1_2.bin

US AL
…

EO
Step6.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/scripts/internet.sh

.tw TI
ex:

om EN
ifRaxWdsxDown
if [ "$CONFIG_RTDEV" != "" -o "$CONFIG_RT2561_AP" != "" ]; then
ifRaixWdsxDown
fi

x.c ID
if [ "$CONFIG_RT2860V2_AP" != "" ]; then
rmmod rt2860v2_ap_net
rmmod rt2860v2_ap
rmmod rt2860v2_ap_util
ne NF
fi
if [ "$CONFIG_RT2860V2_STA" != "" ]; then
rmmod rt2860v2_sta_net
rmmod rt2860v2_sta
syn CO

rmmod rt2860v2_sta_util
fi
if [ "$RT2880v2_INIC_PCI" != "" ]; then
rmmod iNIC_pci
fi
if [ "$CONFIG_RT3090_AP" != "" ]; then
o@ EK

rmmod RT3090_ap_net
rmmod RT3090_ap
rmmod RT3090_ap_util
fi
…
qia AT

# RTDEV_PCI support

if [ "$RT2880v2_INIC_PCI" != "" ]; then

insmod -q iNIC_pci
joe I

fi
R ED

if [ "$CONFIG_RT3090_AP" != "" ]; then

insmod -q RT3090_ap_util
FO M

insmod -q RT3090_ap

insmod -q RT3090_ap_net

fi
…
Step7.

You must switch directory to RT2888x_SDK/source and execute “make menuconfig,” like below:

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
Please choose “Select the Product you wish to target” option to configure the main settings of your
target platform. <<Please select 4M/32M or 8M/64M Flash/SDRAM size>>

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

And then, please exit “Select the Product you wish to target” option and enter “Kernel/Library/Defaults
Selection” option.

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N LY
US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
You must select “Default all settings” option to load default configuration first and select “Customize
Kernel Settings” options to turn on 2nd interface.

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO

Exit ---> yes.

o@ EK

Step8.

After load default, you can enter kernel configured main menu.
qia AT

If 2nd wireless uses PCIE interface:

Please enter “Machine selection” and choice” RT3883 PCI architecture” to “PCIE RC ONLY”
mode.
joe I
R ED
FO M

Leave “Machine selection” option.

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Please enter “Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, ISA, TC)” option and check whether PCI/PCIE
support or not, like below:

N
US AL
EO
Leave “Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, ISA, TC)” option.

.tw TI
Please enter “Ralink Module” option

om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK

You must enter “WiFi Driver Support” and select RT3090 moudule to to act 2nd WiFi interface, but one
of them could be selected.
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT

Leave “Ralink Module” option and then exit “Linux Kernel Configuration”.

Exit ---> yes

joe I

Step9.
R ED

Final, you can execute “make dep” and “make” to build image under the RT288x_SDK/source.

$make dep
FO M

$make

2. Usage:

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If the firmware is built successfully, you can upgrade it into your

RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350/RT6855/RT6856 reference board by TFTP Server or Web GUI.

N
After firmware upgrade, you can use Web GUI or command line to to check if two wifi interfaces are

US AL
successfully inserted and brought up or not.

EO
 Web GUI

.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO
o@ EK
qia AT

 Command line:

1st WiFi interface name: ra0

joe I

2nd WiFi interface name: rai0

R ED

ra0’s profile is located on /etc/Wireless/RT2860/RT2860.dat and rai0’s profile is located on

/etc/Wireless/iNIC/iNIC_ap.dat. To change rai0’s wireless settings, you can edit its profile and
FO M

re-bring up it, like ra0.

Certainly, ra0 and rai0 are shown their detail information or configured settings by iwpriv

command, for example:

ra0:

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#iwprive ra0 set SSID=RT3883AP

#iwprive ra0 stat

N
US AL
…

EO
rai0:

.tw TI
#iwprive rai0 set SSID=RTDEV_AP

#iwprive rai0 stat

om EN
…

11.29

Usage:
x.c ID
SuperDMZ usage guide
ne NF
super_dmz [-f] [-l lan_ifname] [-w wan_ifname] [-t tcp_port] [-t tcp_port1:tcp_port2] [-u udp_port] [-u

udp_port1:udp_port2]
syn CO

-f : flush & clear super_dmz functions from system.

o@ EK

-l lan_ifname: Explicitly assign the LAN interface name, ex. “br0” or “eth2.2”. In Ralink SDK this

argument is assigned automatically based on the current operation mode if it is not assigned explicitly.
qia AT

-w wan_ifname: Explicitly assign the WAN interface name, ex “eth2.2” or “ppp0”. In Ralink SDK this

argument is assigned automatically based on the current WAN mode if it is not assigned explicitly.
joe I

-t tcp_port: TCP port tcp_port is the exception of DMZ forwarding, ex “80” or “23”. The most case here
R ED

is “80” for AP web remote access.

-t tcp_port1:tcp_port2 : TCP port from tcp_port1 to tcp_port2 is the exception of DMZ forwarding.
FO M

-u udp_port: UDP port udp_port is the exception of DMZ forwarding.

-u udp_port1:udp_port2 : UDP port from udp_port1 to udp_port2 is the exception of DMZ forwarding.

Example:

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1) # super_dmz -f

Clear Super DMZ function from system.

N
2) # super_dmz

US AL
EO
Enable Super DMZ function.

3) # super_dmz -l eth0 -t 80

.tw TI
Enable Super DMZ function. Assign “eth0” as LAN interface. Avoid tcp port 80 is forwarding.(To

om EN
make web server on router reachable from WAN side)

4) # super_dmz -w eth2 -t 45:123 -t 3128 -u 10000 -u 500:600

x.c ID
Enable Super DMZ function. Assign “eth2” as WAN interface. Avoid tcp port 45 to 123, tcp port

3128, udp port 10000, and udp port 500 to 600 are forwarding.
ne NF

Implementation note:
syn CO

1. When

1) system boot up
o@ EK

2) WAN IP is acquired or changed (Ex. PPPoE or DHCP on WAN)

3) Virtual Server(Port forwarding) settings change

qia AT

the super_dmz have to re-run:

# super_dmz –f
joe I
R ED

# super_dmz

11.30 How to support IPv6 Ready Logo

FO M

The IPv6 Forum (http://www.ipv6forum.com) IPv6 Ready Logo Program is a conformance and

interoperability testing program intended to increase user confidence by demonstrating that IPv6 is

available now and is ready to be used.

To pass Ipv6 Ready Logo (Phase-2), please enable additional three applicantions:

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 ecmh

Easy Cast du Multi Hub (ecmh) is a networking daemon that acts as a full IPv6 MLDv1 and

N
MLDv2 Multicast "Router".

US AL
EO
$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

.tw TI
Miscellaneous Applications --->

om EN
x.c ID
Exit ---> Yes
ne NF
 ip command in iproute2

to flush neighbor cache during running test log

syn CO

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

o@ EK

Network Applications --->

qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

Exit ---> Yes

 radvd

radvd, the Router Advertisement Daemon, is an open-source software product that implements
link-local advertisements of IPv6 router addresses and IPv6 routing prefixes using the Neighbor
Discovery Protocol (NDP) as specified in RFC 2461.[2] The Router Advertisement Daemon is

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used by system administrators in stateless autoconfiguration methods of network hosts on
Internet Protocol version 6 networks.

N
$ make menuconfig

US AL
EO
[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Network Applications --->

.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
Exit ---> Yes
ne NF
11.31 How to enable iPerf tool
syn CO

iPerf was developed by NLANR/DAST as a modern alternative for measuring maximum TCP and UDP

bandwidth performance. iPerf allows the tuning of various parameters and UDP characteristics. iPerf

reports bandwidth, delay jitter, datagram loss.

o@ EK

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

qia AT

Miscellaneous Applications --->

joe I
R ED
FO M

Exit ---> Yes

Uasage:

Server sied: iperf -s

Client side: iperf -c [server’s ip] –w 128k –t 30 –i 10

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11.32 How to enable ebtables

The ebtables program is a filtering tool for a Linux-based bridging firewall. It enables transparent

N
filtering of network traffic passing through a Linux bridge.

US AL
EO
$ make menuconfig

.tw TI
[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

om EN
Network Applications --->

x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO

Exit ---> Yes

o@ EK

Usage:

If router would like to block all packets of a host from intranet to internet:
qia AT

# ebtables -A FORWARD -s [host’ MAC address] –j DROP

Or
joe I
R ED

# ebtables -A FORWARD -p IPv4 --ip-src [host’ IP address] –j DROP

FO M

11.33 How to enable IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd)

To enable IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd), please include ipv6 6rd feature support in the kernel:

# make menuconfig

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

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In the kernel settings, find “The IPv6 protocol” by select the following options:

N
[*] Networking support --->

US AL
EO
Networking options --->

.tw TI
<*> The IPv6 protocol --->

<*> IPv6: IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel (SIT driver)

om EN
[*] IPv6: IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6RD) (EXPERIMENTAL)

Please check both “IPv6: IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel (SIT driver)” and “IPv6: IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6RD)

(EXPERIMENTAL)”.x.c ID
ne NF
To enable Ipv6 6rd, the firmware should also support iproute2 utility:
syn CO

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Network Applications --->

o@ EK

[*] iproute2

[*] ip
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

After compile and download the firmware, please use iproute2’s ip command to configure the IPv6 6rd

function:

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ip tunnel add <6rd if name> mode sit local <WAN ipv4 address> ttl <ttl>

ip tunnel 6rd dev <6rd if name> 6rd-prefix <ISP’s 6rd prefix>

N
ip addr add <6rd ipv6 address> dev <6rd if name>

US AL
EO
ip link set <6rd if name> up

.tw TI
ip route add ::/0 via ::<ISP’s 6rd border router ipv4 address> dev <6rd if name>

om EN
Note: the <6rd ipv6 address> should be generated from <ISP’s 6rd prefix> and <WAN IPv4 address>,

for example, if ISP’s prefix is 2001:aaaa/32, and WAN ipv4 address is 100.1.1.1, then the 6rd address

could be
x.c ID
2001:aaaa:6401:101::1/32
ne NF
syn CO

to add LAN ipv6 address, you can use the following command:

ip addr add <LAN ipv6 addr> dev <LAN if name>

o@ EK

Note: the LAN ipv6 address should be same as 6rd’s ipv6 address, except address mask, for example,

in above case, the LAN ipv6 address will be

qia AT

2001:aaaa:6401:101::1/64
joe I
R ED

to enable ipv6 forwarding, please use this command:

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding

FO M

The following figure shows an example that configures IPv6 6rd:

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN
x.c ID
ne NF
syn CO

This example has a WAN IPv4 address=111.80.78.220 and 6rd-prefix=2001:e41::/32, and ISP’s

border server ipv4 address is 61.211.224.125

o@ EK
qia AT

User also configures IPv6 RD settings via Web GUI:

joe I
R ED
FO M

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11.34 How to enable IPv6 DS-Lite

To enable IPv6 DS-Lite, please include ipv6 6rd feature support in the kernel:

N
US AL
# make menuconfig

EO
[*] Customize Kernel Settings

.tw TI
In the kernel settings, find “The IPv6 protocol” by select the following options:

[*] Networking support --->

om EN
Networking options --->

x.c ID
<*> The IPv6 protocol

<*>
--->

IPv6: IP-in-IPv6 tunnel (RFC2473)

ne NF
Please check “IPv6: IPv6: IP-in-IPv6 tunnel (RFC2473)”.

To enable Ipv6 DS-Lite, the firmware should also support iproute2 utility:
syn CO

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Network Applications --->

o@ EK

[*] iproute2

[*] ip
qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

After compiling and downloading the firmware, please use iproute2’s ip command to configure the IPv6

DS-Lite function:

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US AL
EO
.tw TI
om EN

x.c ID
Configuration on B4 Element

#IPv6 Address
ne NF
ip -6 addr add 2001:db8::254/32 dev eth2.2
syn CO

#IPv6 Routing

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding

#Create DS-Lite Interface

o@ EK

ip -6 tunnel add dsltun mode ipip6 remote 2001:db8::1 local 2001:db8::254 dev eth2.2

ip link set dev dsltun up

qia AT

# adds the IPv4 default route to the server to forward all IPv4 packets to the ds-lite interface dsltun

ip route add default dev dsltun

joe I
R ED

#IPv6 Default Route

ip -6 route add default dev eth2.2

FO M

#Static IPv6 Route

ip -6 route add 2001:db8::1/128 via 2003:db8::1

 Configuration on AFTR (http://www.isc.org/software/aftr)

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#IPv6 Address & Routing

ip -6 addr add 2003:db8::1/32 dev eth4

N
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding

US AL
EO
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

.tw TI
#Tunnel Interface Configuration (aftr.conf)

ip addr add 192.0.0.1 peer 192.0.0.2 dev tun0

om EN
ip route add 192.0.2.128/25 dev tun0

ip -6 addr add fe80::1 dev tun0

x.c ID
ip -6 route add 2001:db8::1 dev tun0
ne NF
#Routing to B4 Element

ip -6 route add 2001:db8::254/128 dev eth4

syn CO

#NAT

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.43.79

o@ EK

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-dest 192.0.2.1

aftr.conf
qia AT

default tunnel mss on

defmtu 1450
joe I
R ED

address endpoint 2001:db8::1

address icmp 198.18.200.10

FO M

pool 192.0.2.128

acl6 ::0/0

aftr-script

Page 131 of 132

 RALINK AP SDK 4.0.0.0 User’s Manual

LY
aftr_start() {

set –x

N
US AL
ip link set tun0 up

EO
ip addr add 192.0.0.1 peer 192.0.0.2 dev tun0

.tw TI
ip route add 192.0.2.128/25 dev tun0

ip -6 addr add fe80::1 dev tun0

om EN
ip -6 route add 2001:db8::1 dev tun0

aftr_stop() {
x.c ID
ne NF
set -x

ip link set tun0 down

syn CO

}
o@ EK

Another, user could use Web GUI to set DS-Lite:

qia AT
joe I
R ED
FO M

Page 132 of 132