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Syllabus
Subject: Geography

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Paper: Geography (100 Marks)
Part –I (Marks 50)
Physical Geography

I. Factors controlling landform development; endogenic and exogenic forces; origin

and evolution of the earth’s crust; physical conditions of the earth’s interior;
geosynclines; continental drift; isostasy; sea-floor spreading; plate tectonics;
mountain building; volcanicity; earthquakes; concepts of geomorphic cycles;
landforms associated with fluvial, arid, glacial, coastal and Karst cycle; groundwater.

II. Elements and Factors of climate, structure and composition of atmosphere,

insolation, temperature, Pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth;
Atmospheric circulation: planetary,monsoon and local winds; Air masses and Fronts;
Hydrological cycle; Types of condensation and precipitation; Factors of global
distribution of precipitation.

III. Origin of oceans and seas, Characteristic features of the ocean basins,
temperature, salinity distribution cause and effects, Ocean floor deposits, their
characteristics and classification, Ocean circulation, Waves, currents and tides, their
nature, causes and effects.

IV. Factors of climate and Environmental change. Transformation of nature by man;

environmental degradation and conservation; Nature and Types of pollution.
Problems caused by pollution, Global Warming, Global Environment Patterns,
Environmental Hazards and Risk Management.

Part –II (Marks 50)

Human Geography

V. Origin and Diffusion of Culture, Geographic patterns of culture, Classification of

Languages, World Distribution of Languages, Indo-European Languages, Origins of
Religions, Diffusion of Religions, Global Distribution, Regional conflicts, Ethnicities
and Nationalities, Ethnic Conflicts, Ethnic Diversity in the World, Factors of Ethnic
Cleansing, Ethnic Cleansing in the World, Development Indicators, Economic
Indicators, Social Indicators, Health Indicators, Development through Trade,
Impacts of development Indicators.
VI. Factors effecting Agriculture, Subsistence Agriculture and population growth,
Commercial Agriculture and Market Forces, Sustainable Agriculture, Types and
Distribution of Agriculture,
Factors of Industrial locations, The Industrial Revolution, Industrial Theories,
Distribution of Industries and Industrial Estates, Renewable Resources, Recycling
Resources, Sustainable resources.

VII. Factors of Population Growth, Components of Change, Population Structure, The

Demographic Transition, World distribution of Population, Over and under
Population threats and their consequences, Models of Internal Structure of Cities,
World Urban Patterns, Settlement Theories, Patterns and Problems within urban
areas.

VIII. Politics, Geography and Political Geography, State as a Politico-Territorial

Phenomenon, State, Nation and the Nation-State, World Politics and International
Relations, Geopolitics of uneven Development and Globalization of Capital,
Geography of Tourism and Recreation, The demand for tourism and recreation, The
supply for tourism and recreation, The impact of tourism and recreation: (Socio-
economic impacts, Physical-environmental impacts), Global patterns in health and
diseases, Models in medical geography, Recent issues and developments.

SUGGESTED READING
S.No. Title Author
1. Discovering Physical Geography 2nd ed. Alan F. Arbogast (2011).
Hoboken:John Wiley &Sons,Inc.
2. Introducing Physical Geography. Hobken: John Alan Strahler, (2011).
Wiley & Sons
3. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate (7th ed.). Barry, R. (1998).
London: Clays St. Davis.
4. Meknight’s Physical Geography A Landscape Darrel Hess (2012).
application 10th ed PHI Learning, New Delhi.
5. Text Book of Population Geography, Randam Dr. Martin Ardagh (2013).
Publications, New Delhi.
6. Atmosphere, Climate and Change. New York: Graedel, T. (1995).
Scientific
American Library
7. An Introduction to Oceanography. Johnson H. (1996).
8. Economic Geography, Randam Publications, New Philip Emeral (2013).
Delhi.
9. Essentials of Physical Geography 8thed Robert E. Gabler& James F.
Australia. Petersen (2007)
10. Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Robert W. Christopherson
Geography 7th ed. New Jersey:Pearson Prentice (2009),
Hall
11. Tourism Geography: Randam Publications, New Shweta Singh (2013).
Delhi.
12. Elements of physical geography. New York. John Strahler, A. N. (1998).
Wiley.
13. Natural Disaster Management: New technologies Subir Ghosh (2012).
and opportunities, The Icfai Uni. Press, Agartala.

14. Economic Geography 3rd ed. PHI Learning, New Truman A. Hartshorn (2010).
Delhi.
15. Environmental Geography: Science Landuse William M. Marsh (2005).
S.No. Title Author
and Earth System 3rd ed.Hobken: John Wiley &
Sons
16. Geography, Regions and Concepts. U.S.A: John Blif, H. J. (1971).
Wiley and Sons, Inc.
17. Human Geography. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Blij, H. J. (2000).
Inc.
18. Population Geography Oxford: Pergamon Press. Clarke, J. I. (1965).
19. Human Geography Cultural Society and Space. De Blij. H. J. (2003).
(5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
20. Political Geography: The Spatiality of Politics. (3rd Dikshit, R. D. (2001).
ed.).
New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited.
21. Agricultural Geography: Issues and Applications. Dube, R. S. (1987).
New Delhi: Gian Publishing House.
22. Human Geography Landscape of Human Getis, Fellman. (2005).
Activities. (8th ed.). New York: Mc.Graw Hill Higher
Education.
23. An Introduction to Agricultural Grigg, D. (1984).
Geography. London: Hutchinson.
24. The Geography of Tourism and Recreation (1st Hall, C. M; & Page, S. J.
ed.). London: Routledge. (1999).
 25. Economic Geography. New York: Prentice Hall, Hartshorne, T. A. &
Inc. Englewood Cliffs. Alexander, J. W. (1988).
26. Geography & Health: A study in medical Izhar, F. (2004).
Geography. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing
corporation.
27. Geographies of Global Change. Blackwell Johnston, R. J. (1996).
Publishers Inc.
28. Urban Geography, New York: McGraw Hill. Kaplan, Wheeler (2009).
29. Human Geography Place and Region in Global Knox Paul L. (2001).
context. (2nd ed.) .New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
30. Agricultural Geography. London: Longman. Newbury, P. A. R. (1999).
31. Contemporary Human Geography. New Delhi: PHI Rubenstein James M. (2010).
Learning Private Limited.
32. Tourism Geography (1st ed) London: Routledge. Williams, S. (1998).

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