Information Technology Code 402 Class IX & X

(in Windows 10 it is called This PC), Recycle bin etc. Double clicking the icons opens up the program associated with
that icon.
Taskbar and Start Menu
Usually, at the bottom of the desktop, you can see a bar stretched from extreme left to right side. A Start button is on
the very left end of the Taskbar. Right side of the Taskbar shows system time and date and other small indicators like
network connection, language, speakericon etc. The middle part of the Taskbar displays icons of the active and
minimized programs you have opened to work with. Middle part also shows the icons of the shortcuts to your
frequently used programs. The process of creating such shortcuts is called pinning the program with Taskbar. It is a
good way to quickly access your favourite programs. Such “pinup” can be done with Start menu also. Clicking on the
Start button displays Start menu which shows the names of all the programsinstalled on your computer. These
programs are organized under various categories or folders. Start button also shows options to Shutdown, Restart,
Sleep, Search and Run the program by typing its executable name.
35. What do you mean by a file and a folder?
A file stores the data created by the user while a folder contains files and other folders. Files are of different types
depending on the data they store such as text files, documents, spreadsheets, audio, video, graphics etc. Folders
help in organizing the files on the computer. Files have primary name and extension name such as document1.docx
while folders just have relevant names.
36. What is the difference between moving and copying a file?
Copying a file means the original file remains in its location and its identical copy is created in another location.
Copying is done by pressing Ctrl+C. Moving a file means changing the location of the same file to some other
location. To move a file, it needs to be cut by pressing Ctrl+X. The copied or cut file can be pasted to the new location
by pressing Ctrl + V.
37. Write the steps to copy a file on a CD inserted in drive F to a folder named Reports on drive D.
Press Windows+E to open Computer window. In the left pane, go to drive F. In the right pane, locate the desired file
and select it. Press Ctr+C. Then, go to drive D in left pane. Locate the folder Reports. Double click on it to open it and
press Ctrl+V.
38. You are on the desktop (no window is opened). From here, write the steps to go to D drive and create a
folder in it.
On the desktop, open Computer. In Computer window, double click on D Drive. In D drive, right click in the blank
area and select New > Folder. Type the desired name of the folder and press Enter key.
39. You have 100 files in a folder. You need to delete only first, fifth, twentieth and ninetieth file. How will you
do this?
Click on the first file, press Ctrl key and keep it pressed until you select other desired files as mentioned in the
question. Finally, press Delete key on the keyboard.
40. You have 100 files in a folder. You need to delete first 30 files. How will you do this?
Select the first file. Then press Shift key and keep it pressed while clicking on the 30 th file. All 30 files will be selected.
Press Delete key on the keyboard.

Test Your Knowledge

1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B

14. C 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A
27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. D
40. A 41. A 42. C 43. A 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. B

Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-I

SESSION 1: Types of Business and Business Activities
Exercise
1. What is the difference between corporation and cooperative?
A corporation is a business organization that has a separate legal personality from its owners. Ownership in a stock
corporation is represented by shares of stock. The owners enjoy limited liability but have limited involvement in the

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company's operations. The board of directors, an elected group from the stockholders, controls the activities of the
corporation.
A cooperative is a business organization owned by a group of individuals and is operated for their mutual benefit. The
persons making up the group are called members. Some examples of cooperatives are water and electricity cooperatives
and housing cooperatives.
2. List any 4 essential business activities.
Human resources, customer service, accounting and sales.
3. Describe any 3 business activities necessary to run the business briefly.
Accounting: Accounting is to track the money taken in and the money spent by the business. Retail businesses with a
high number of transactions use daily accounting. Keeping up to date on expenditures and income allows you to see
where you earn and where your business loses money.
Budgets and Finance: Implementing a budget helps us control costs. For smaller businesses, budgets may consist of
little more than a monthly allotment to cover overhead, insurance and payroll. Larger businesses need to set out a big
budget on an annual basis. Budget includes expected revenue and costs that are updated regularly.
Sales: Sales are the heart of all businesses. Depending on the industry, sales are done by dedicated sales teams that
develop prospects into clients, perform demonstrations and maintain contact with the existing client base.

SESSION 2: Entrepreneurship: Meaning and Characteristics

Exercise
1. How entrepreneurs positively contribute to society?
Entrepreneurs create opportunities for jobs. Entrepreneurs always look for the ideas to transform the world around
them. Entrepreneurs often do more for the greater good than the average person. They make honest money with great
struggle and pay for taxes and public services thereby contributing and returning to the economy. Many of them take
green initiatives for environment and contribute to the charities for social causes.
2. How is an entrepreneur different from businessman?
Entrepreneurs build up the business process to address a problem with some innovative and useful solution. They
constantly improve using the feedback. They usually use public wealth in doing business and thus directly contribute
to the economy. They maintain smaller efficient teams. They usually manage a smaller business entity that can be
managed with continuous innovations. They take manageable risks.
3. List the steps of entrepreneurship development program.
Various steps involved in Entrepreneurship development process are:
1. Setting up concrete objectives of the development program
2. Identifying and nominating valid and genuine candidates
3. Program designs focus on local talents and markets
4. Choosing the right location
5. Program impact analysis for future programs
4. List main characteristics of entrepreneurship.
Economic and dynamic activity.
Continuous innovations.
Opportunities and potential for growth and profits.
Taking and tolerating risks.
5. Write a short note explaining rewards of entrepreneurship.
The rewards of entrepreneurship are that the approach of risk-reward opens new doors of growth in the form of
opportunities. Despite responsibilities there is greater independence in working. More democratic teams are created.
Other rewards are flexible schedules and processes, creativity and productivity with recognition and fame.

Assessment
1. List the various forms of business ownership.

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Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation, Limited Liability Company, Cooperative.

2. How sole proprietorship is different from Corporation?
A sole proprietorship business is owned by only one person. A corporation is a business organization that has a separate
legal personality from its owners.
SP is suitable for small businesses and least costly among all forms of ownership. The liabilities of the entire business are
faced by the owner. In corporation, ownership in a stock corporation is represented by shares of stock. The owners enjoy
limited liability but have limited involvement in the company's operations.
3. What do you mean by LLC?
Limited Liability Company has characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership. An LLC is not considered a
corporation but the owners enjoy limited liability like in a corporation. An LLC can decide how it will be taxed as a sole
proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation.
4. How cooperative is different from corporation?
A cooperative is a business organization owned by a group of individuals and is operated for their mutual benefit. The
persons making up the group are called members. Some examples of cooperatives are water and electricity cooperatives
and housing cooperatives.
A corporation is a business organization that has a separate legal personality from its owners. Ownership in a stock
corporation is represented by shares of stock. The owners enjoy limited liability but have limited involvement in the
company's operations. The board of directors, an elected group from the stockholders, controls the activities of the
corporation.
5. How is manufacturing different from Merchandising?
A manufacturing business buys products and uses them to make new products while Merchandising business buys products
at wholesale price and sells the same at retail price.
A manufacturing business combines raw materials, labor, and factory overhead in its production process while a
merchandising business sells a product without changing its form.
6. What do you mean by hybrid business type?
Hybrid businesses are companies that may be classified in more than one type of business. A restaurant, for example,
combines ingredients in making a fine meal (manufacturing), sells a cold bottle of wine (merchandising), and fills customer
orders (service).
7. Describe any two business activities.
Human Resources
Human resources are the employees of the company. They are managed under human resource department. Conducting
interviews, hiring applicants and determining benefit packages, addressing interpersonal conflicts etc. are some of HR
tasks..
Customer Service
Customer service helps to secure new clients and promotes referrals from your existing clients. Customer-service
departments provide existing customers with a direct contact that offers solutions to issues with bills, faulty products or
shipping errors.
8. What do you mean by human resource?
All the employees that work in an organisation as various teams are called human resource. It is generally the largest
resource of all in the company. HR is managed by a dedicated HR department in larger corporations.

9. How customer service is important for business?

Customer service helps to secure new clients and promotes referrals from your existing clients. Customer-service
departments, unlike front-line staff, provide existing customers with a direct contact that offers solutions to issues with
bills, faulty products or shipping errors.
10. What do you mean by sales and marketing?
Sales is the heart of all businesses. It is done by a dedicated sales team that develops prospects into clients, performs
demonstrations and maintains contact with existing client base.
Marketing promotes the business. Very few businesses can survive without marketing. In large businesses, a good marketing
plan uses mass marketing via television commercials or specifically targeting clients via trade magazines.
11. What do you mean by a service and a product? Explain with an example.
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Service is an intangible form of product which is given to the clients in various ways like consultancy, repairs, hospitality,
schools, banks etc.
Product is a tangible entity which is manufactured and sold to the customer. It has some life span.
12. Why entrepreneurship development program required?
Entrepreneurship development programs are required to promote and support entrepreneurship. This is achieved by
deploying various training programs focusing on developing entrepreneurial skills. The process of entrepreneurship
development aids the entrepreneurs to develop their skills by applying what they learn in the training for improved business
activities.
13. How do entrepreneurs aid in promoting nation's economy?
Entire entrepreneurship approach is focused on economic activities since all the activities are centrally focused on creation
of wealth and value for organisation. All operations are planned in such a way that ensures optimum utilisation of all
available resources. Since entire system works on the foundation of uncertainty and adapting to constant challenges,
entrepreneurship is regarded as a dynamic force.
14. List the features of an entrepreneurship development program.
1. Clear objectives to cover for entrepreneurs’ training.
2. Identifying valid and eligible prospective candidates who need training.
3. Focus on talents and markets.
4. Choosing suitable locations for training programs.
5. Meeting the skill requirements of the candidates.
6. Program impact analysis for future improvements.
15. Describe any 4 characteristics of entrepreneurship.
1. Entire entrepreneurship approach is focused on economic activities since all the activities are centrally focused on
creation of wealth and value for organisation. Since entire system works on the foundation of uncertainty and adapting
to constant challenges, entrepreneurship is regarded as a dynamic force.
2. Entrepreneurship has the process of looking for new, viable ideas. and improvements in the existing modes of business
operations.
3. Due to constant innovations and improvements in the process entrepreneurs have more potential for further growth
and return on investments.
4. Being ready to take risks and looking at them as potential opportunities is the essence of entrepreneurship.
16. How entrepreneurs benefit from taking risks in business?
Being ready to take risks and looking at them as potential opportunities is the essence of entrepreneurship. Willingness to
tolerate the problems posed by risks, finding the ways to overcome them with new ideas and implement the learning in the
growth of the business is the basic strategy of every entrepreneurial entity.

17. Discuss the roles of entrepreneurship in brief.

1. Entrepreneurs invest their own resources and arrange for capital and investments. The source of funding may be
investors, lenders and the public. This mobilizes public wealth and benefits people as well as all stakeholders.
2. Entrepreneurs are job creators. This job creation by new businesses is very rewarding for nation’s economy as it
addresses problem of unemployment up to some extent.
3. Entrepreneurs set up new businesses and industrial units in less developed and backward areas. The growth of
industries and business in these areas leads to infrastructure improvements like better roads and rail links, airports, stable
electricity and water supply, schools, hospitals, shopping malls and other public and private services.
4. Contribution in economic growth. India's MSME sector accounts for over 35% of the country's GDP.
5. Entrepreneurs play a key role in increasing the standard of living in a community. They create jobs and also develop
and adopt innovations leading to improved quality of life of their employees, customers, and other stakeholders in the
community.
6. Entrepreneurs aid in community development like education and training, healthcare, and other public services. And
help build the pool of educated and skilled workers.
18. List any 6 rewards of entrepreneurship.

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1. Entrepreneurs are the captain of their business with full independence.

2. Flexible schedules and processes.
3. Do what you believe.
4. Lead enthusiastic teams
5. Stay creative and productive.
6. Recognition and fame.
19. How do entrepreneurs contribute to industrial and social development?
Entrepreneurs give to society. Entrepreneurs often do more for the greater good than the average person. They make honest
money with great struggle and pay for taxes and public services thereby contributing and returning to the economy. Many
of them take green initiatives for environment and contribute to the charities for social causes.
Entrepreneurship, in its core, has the process of looking for new, viable ideas. Working environment of an entrepreneur
entity encourages regular reviews and analyses of the processes and their outcomes. Such constant evaluations lead to the
birth of innovative ideas and improvements in the existing modes of business operations.
20. How can you say that entrepreneurs are innovative and independent?
Entrepreneurship, in its core, has the process of looking for new, viable ideas. Working environment of an entrepreneur
entity encourages regular reviews and analyses of the processes and their outcomes. Such constant evaluations lead to the
birth of innovative ideas and improvements in the existing modes of business operations.
Despite responsibilities there is greater independence since entrepreneurship invites abilities to work independently yet in
coordination with flexible decision-making system.

Test Your Knowledge

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. D

Unit 5: Green Skills-I

SESSION 1: Environment, Natural Resources and Conservation
Exercise
1. Define the terms environment and ecosystem.
Our environment is everything that surrounds us- from the trees, mountains, roads, buildings, things and even people. It is
a combination of both natural and human-made elements.
Community of living and non-living organisms living interdependently with each other is called ecosystem. like, Forest, Pond
etc. An ecosystem is a dynamic entity with constant interactions occurring among the organisms and with the surroundings.
2. How does pollution affect environment?
The contamination of the surrounding environment by the addition of foreign/unwanted substances is known as pollution.
Air Pollution is posing a serious threat to both flora and fauna. Air pollution is believed to end lives of over 20 lakh people
every year. Incurable respiratory diseases among animals, aorist rainfall, acid rain, global warming, depletion of ozone layer,
the rise in temperature, withering of plants, drought-like conditions, the grimy appearance of buildings etc. are only because
of air pollution.
Because of pollution and misuse of resources water table has already depleted from its normal level and the water which is
available is again in impure from which can cause serious diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid, retarded growth and
stomach/peptic ulcers etc.
3. What are the ill effects of deforestation and global warming?
Deforestation is when humans remove or clear large areas of forest lands and related ecosystems for non-forest use. In these
cases, trees are never re-planted. Since the industrial age, about half of world's original forests have been destroyed and
millions of animals and living things have been endangered.
Removal of green cover and excessive industrialisation increases global warming due to ozone layer depletion and UV rays
entering earth’s atmosphere. Increase in Carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons increase earth’s temperature leading to
global warming.

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