Question-Answer Computer Network XII

Q1. What is Computer Network? Why is it needed?

Ans1. The interconnection of two or more than two computer system for the purpose of
sharing information is called computer network.

It is needed due to its following advantages-

i. Resource Sharing- Through a network, data, software and hardware resources can
be shared irrespective of the physical location.
ii. Fast Communication- With networks, it is possible to exchange information at
very fast speed.
iii. Data back up- In a network system, data can be copied and stored on multiple
computers. If data on one computer become unavailable then it can be accessed
from other computer in a network.

Q2. Explain various types of network architecture.

Ans2- There are two types of network architecture-

i. Peer to Peer network architecture- Networks in which all computers have an

equal status are called peer to peer networks. Any computer can send and receive
information from any other computer and vice-versa.

ii. Client-Server network architecture- Networks in which some computers have

special tasks, providing services to other computers are called client server
networks. The computer which provide services are called servers and the ones
that use these services are called clients.

Q3. How does Internet evolve?

Ans3.i. The first network ARPANet (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) was
developed by US Department of defence and Advanced Research Project Agency in 1969.

ii. The goal of ARPANet was to connect computers at different universities and US defence.
Later on engineers, scientists, students and researchers were connected to this network.

iii. In mid 80’s NSFNet(National Science Federation Network) was developed which was
more capable than ARPANet for academic research.

iv. It was the interconnection of ARPANet, NSFNet and other private network to form the
internet.
Q4. Write short note on Interspace.

Ans4. Interspace is a client-server software program that allows multiple users to

communicate online with real time audio, video and text chat in dynamic 3D environments.

Q5. How is LAN different from WAN?

Ans5. LAN- LAN stands for Local Area Network. It connects computers and devices in a
limited geographical area such as home, computer laboratory, office building etc.

WAN- WAN stands for Wide Area Network. It connects computers over large geographical
area such as states, countries or even the whole world. Ex- Internet.

Q6. Compare Hub and Switch.

Ans6. Hub- A hub is a hardware device used to connect computers in a network. It is called
as unintelligent device because when the data reaches one port, it broadcasts all data to
every port.

Switch- A Switch is a hardware device that is also used to connect computers in a network.
It is called as intelligent device as it filters and forwards data only to required systems.

Q7. What do you understand by term Topology? Compare and contrast Bus and Star
topologies.

Ans7. Topology refers to the arrangement of computer systems and other peripheral
devices in a network.

Bus topology- In bus topology, several devices are connected to a main long cable. The data
flows from one end of the cable to the other, in both directions.

The advantage of bus topology are- i. Nodes can be connected or removed easily.

ii. It requires less cable length than star topology.

iii.It is easy to implement.

Star topology- This topology consists of a central node( hub or switch) to which all other
nodes are connected by a single path. The data passes to and from the hub.

The advantage of star topology are- i.It is easy to detect faults.

ii. Any problem in one node does not hamper the performance of other nodes.

iii.The rate of data transfer is fast.

Q8. Differentiate between MAC address and IP address.

Ans8. MAC Address- A Media Access Control address is a unique identifier of NIC(Network
Interface Card) used for communication over a network. It is a 12 digit hexadecimal number
written in the format as- MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS. Ex-00:A0:C9:18:C5:38

IP Address- An Internet Protocol address is an identifier for a computer or device on a

TCP/IP network. The format of IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four
numbers separated by periods. Ex- 192.168.1.3

Q9. What are protocols? Write short note VoIP and HTTP.

Ans9. Protocol- A protocol refers to the common set of rules used for communication in a
network. For ex- HTTP, TCP/IP, FTP, POP, SMTP etc.

VoIP- VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. It refers to a way to carry telephone calls
over an IP data network. It enables voice communications over the Internet.

HTTP- HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. IT is a protocol used to transfer
hypertext documents from a web server onto a browser in order to view a web page.

Q10. Write short note on TCP/IP and SMTP.

Ans10. TCP/IP-

i. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and IP for Internet protocol.
When a user send a message over internet then TCP protocol makes the packet of
information. It also attached the header to each packet for source and destination
IP address. At last, it assigns the serial number to each packet.
ii. IP protocol provide the route to each packet based on IP address over the
internet. At the receiving end TCP protocol reassembles the packets according to
serial number and message is displayed to the user.

SMTP- SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is used for sending email messages
to another email user. It is not used for receiving the email. For receiving email POP (Post
Office Protocol) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is used.

Q11. What is web hosting?

Ans11- Web hosting allows individuals and organizations to post a website onto the
internet that can be accessed by everyone on the web.

Q12. Differentiate between a web server and a web browser.

Ans12- Web browser- A web browser is a software which display the content on web pages.
It is used by the client to view websites. Ex- Google chrome.
Web server- A web server is a software which give response to the requests made by the
web browser for displaying required web pages. Ex- Apache

Q13. Define the following-

i. URL ii. Modem iii. Gateway

Ans13.

i. URL- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator that helps in locating a particular
website or a web page over the internet. For ex- http://www.cbse.nic.in

ii. Modem- Modem stands for Modulator Demodulator is an electronic device used to
transmit data over telephone lines. It convert digital signals into analog signals and vice
versa.

iii. Gateway- A gateway is a device that connects dissimilar networks. It converts the
transmitted data from one network into desired format for other network.

Q14. Riana Medicos Centre has set up its new centre in Dubai. It has four buildings as
shown in the diagram given below:

As a network expert, provide the best possible answer for the following queries:

i. Suggest the type of network established between the buildings.

Ans. LAN (Local Area Network)
ii. Suggest the most suitable place (i.e., building) to house the server of this
organization.
Ans. Research Lab as it has the maximum number of computers.

iii. Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification: (a) Repeater
(b) Hub/Switch
Ans. (a) Repeater: It should be placed between Accounts and Packaging Unit,
Accounts to Research Lab, Store to Research Lab and Accounts to Packaging Unit.
(b) Switch should be placed in each of the buildings for better traffic management.

iv. Suggest a system (hardware/software) to prevent unauthorized access to or from

the network.
Ans. Firewall.